The high cost and limited durability of platinum-based electrocatalysts constrain the widespread utilization of fuel cells as renewable energy systems. We demonstrate here an ambient atmosphere, semi-closed pyrolysis strategy for the preparation of an iron oxide-graphitic carbon nitride hybrid anchored on reduced graphene oxide (FexOy-g-C3N4@rGO). Unlike conventional synthesis routes that require inert-gas infrastructure, our approach streamlines the process and lowers operational costs without compromising electrocatalytic performance. The composite, prepared by heating graphene oxide, urea, and FeCl3 & centerdot;6H(2)O at 400 degrees C, demonstrates enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity compared to g-C3N4@rGO, achieving onset and half-wave potentials of -0.145 and -0.318 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), respectively, with an apparent electron transfer number of n = 3.43, indicating a mixed pathway with a strong 4 e(-) contribution. Although its activity is slightly lower than that of commercial Pt/C (loading: 386 vs. 849 & micro;g cm(-2) for FexOy-g-C3N4@rGO), the catalyst exhibits superior operational stability. This work not only validates the efficacy of semi-closed pyrolysis for scalable and sustainable electrocatalyst production but also advances the design of nonprecious metal-based catalysts for energy conversion, furthering the findings of our earlier investigations.
Achieving both high performance and durability is critical for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs). Mesoporous carbon (MPC) catalysts have attracted significant attention as promising materials for high-efficiency systems due to their high activity. In this study, we evaluated the durability of MPC catalysts under realistic startup/shutdown (SU/SD) conditions involving power generation and air confinement. Comprehensive analyses, including time-resolved monitoring of CO2 evolution and Pt dissolution, revealed that the MPC catalyst is susceptible to severe performance degradation. We found that MPC undergoes carbon corrosion driven by SU/SD conditions, particularly in regions with limited proton access, resulting not only in mass transport issues but also in severe Pt particle growth. Furthermore, we demonstrated that controlling the upper potential limit via power generation effectively mitigates this degradation by suppressing Pt oxidation and accelerating oxygen consumption, which mitigates the carbon corrosion. This study identifies critical concerns regarding the long-term operation of MPC catalysts and provides a practical strategy for suppressing degradation in real-world environments.
Aims Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma/high-grade B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL/HGBCL) with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (double-hit lymphoma with BCL2, DHL-BCL2) is a mature aggressive B-cell lymphoma that also includes concurrent triple hit with BCL6 translocation (TH). DHL with MYC and BCL6 (DH-BCL6) can also occur. The differences among these three DLBCL/HGBCL subtypes have not yet been definitively determined.Methods and Results This study characterized the clinicopathological features and transcriptomic profiles of a series of 101 cases of DLBCL/HGBCL that were subclassified according to MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 FISH data, including cell-of-origin (COO)-like, molecular high-grade (MHG)-like and double-hit/dark-zone (DHIT/DZsig)-like signatures. DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL2 was characterized by higher HGBCL morphology, CD10 positivity, GCB Hans's, GCB COO and MHG molecular subtype. DLBCL/HGBCL-TH had higher LDH levels and worse overall survival. DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL6 had higher MUM1 expression, non-GCB Hans', ABC/Unclassified COO, non-MHG and low DHIT/DZ signatures. Transcriptomic analysis showed that DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL2 and DLBCL/HGBCL-TH were close but separated from DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL6. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed different levels of enrichment between the subtypes.Conclusions DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL6 differs from the DLBCL/HGBCL-DH-BCL2, and the DLBCL/HGBCL-TH is associated with the worst survival. Analysis of all three genes of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 is recommended in the context of DLBCL/HGBCL diagnosis.
In this study, we fabricated and evaluated pseudo plate wave resonators based on bonded structures comprising a LiNbO3 (LN) thin plate and a quartz (Qz) support substrate with periodic voids, as well as a silicon carbide (SiC) support substrate. The investigated propagation modes were an SH0-mode plate wave on a 15 degrees Y-cut X-propagating (15 degrees YX-) LN/AT90 degrees X-Qz and an A1-mode Lamb wave on 120 degrees YX-LN/4H-SiC. Periodic grooves with a period of 10 mu m were formed on the surface of the support substrate by reactive ion etching, and the LN wafer was bonded to the support substrate using atomic diffusion bonding. The results of the experimental evaluation showed that a pseudo SH0-mode plate wave exhibited a phase velocity of approximately 4360 m s-1 and a fractional bandwidth of 18.5% at 218 MHz, while a pseudo A1-mode Lamb wave exhibited a phase velocity of approximately 17600 m s-1 and a fractional bandwidth of 10.1% at 880 MHz.
To investigate the association between genetic variants susceptible to exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the treatment response to as-needed intravitreal brolucizumab (IVBr) therapy. Interventional study This retrospective study included 103 treatment-naïve eyes with exudative AMD. All eyes received three monthly IVBr injections (6.0 mg/0.05 mL) followed by a pro re nata regimen for 12 months. Seven major AMD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms—ARMS2 A69S (rs10490924), CFH I62V (rs800292), CFH rs1329428, C2-CFB-SKIV2L rs429608, C3 rs2241394, CETP rs3764261, and ADAMTS9 rs6795735—were genotyped using TaqMan assays. The requirement for retreatment, the number of additional injections, and visual outcomes were compared across genotypes. Of the 103 patients, 68 (66.0
