University System of Ohio

There has been a recent surge of interest on distributions of shapes of unit lattices in number fields, due to both their applications to number theory and the lack of known results. In this work we focus on D4-quartic fields with signature (2, 1); such fields have a rank 2 unit group. Viewing the unit lattice as a point of GL2(Z)\ h, we prove that every lattice which arises this way must correspond to a transcendental point on the boundary of a certain fundamental domain of GL2(Z)\ h. Moreover, we produce three explicit (algebraic) points of GL2(Z)\ h which are limit points of the set of (points associated to) unit lattices of D4-quartic fields with signature (2, 1). (c) 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

There is growing interest in understanding the mechanisms underlying differences in cancer incidence among species (comparative oncology). The naked mole rat (NMR) is often referenced as "cancer resistant" and prior studies focused on identifying mechanisms explaining this. However, efforts to assess this in vivo have been limited. In this study, we provide evidence that the NMR presents as a novel autochthonous model of lung tumor initiation, driven by an introduction of the oncogenic Eml4-Alk fusion gene using CRISPR-mediated genome editing. Although in mice, the inversion alone is sufficient to drive tumorigenesis, the inversion alone was insufficient to drive tumorigenesis in the NMR lung, and tumor development required additional losses of the tumor suppressors p53 and pRb. Our findings suggest that the proposed "resistance" of the NMR to the development of cancer may reflect that the genetic events leading to tumor initiation are likely to be comparable with those present in human cells. SIGNIFICANCE:To identify evolutionary divergent mechanisms of cancer resistance, we assessed tumorigenesis in vivo using the NMR, a species considered to exhibit cancer resistance. Our findings suggest that the proposed "resistance" of NMRs to the development of cancer may reflect tumor initiation mechanisms comparable with the mechanisms present in humans. See related commentary by Boddy and Abegglen, p. 7.

Despite long-standing national vaccination recommendations targeting high-risk groups, hepatitis B vaccination (HepB) coverage among US adults remains low. To inform efforts following the 2022 recommendation for universal adult HepB vaccination, we analysed data from the National Health Interview Survey (2000-2018) to estimate national HepB vaccination coverage and identify factors associated with vaccine uptake. We used Poisson regression and a health behaviour framework to examine associations across four domains: Sociodemographic characteristics, healthcare access, health-seeking behaviours, and access to health information. Among 532,168 non-institutionalised US adults aged ≥ 18 years, the self-reported HepB vaccination rate was 27.9% (95% CI 27.6-29.7), increasing from 22% in 2000 to 35% in 2018. Health-related behaviours showed the strongest association with HepB vaccination, including prior hepatitis A vaccination (AOR 11.17, 95% CI 10.51-11.87), prior hepatitis B testing (AOR 4.70, 95% CI 4.47-4.93), and prior hepatitis C testing (AOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.21-1.35). Conversely, older age, lower educational level, and recent unemployment were associated with lower odds of HepB vaccination. Additionally, Black and Hispanic adults had lower odds of vaccination compared to white adults. These findings highlight persistent gaps in HepB vaccine coverage among particular segments of the US population and underscore the importance of vaccination efforts that focus on these communities to mitigate existing disparities and achieve the goal of universal HepB vaccination.

Therapeutic mammoplasty is a well-established option for breast cancer treatment when indicated by oncological evaluation. At sternal notch-to-nipple (SN-N) distances above 35cm, the inferior pedicle (IFP) technique is often considered most reliable due to its vascular supply, potentially reducing complications. However, the superomedial pedicle (SMP) technique is associated with better aesthetic outcomes. We compared SMP and IFP outcomes at SN-N distances of 35–40 cm. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 81 breast cancer patients (43 SMP, 38 IFP), who underwent therapeutic mammoplasty with an SN-N distance of 35–40 cm. Outcomes compared included operative time, nipple–areola complex (NAC) viability, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction with breasts, outcomes, and nipples. The mean SN-N distance was not statistically different between groups. Mean operative time was shorter with SMP than with IFP (88.21 ± 5.07 vs. 119.3 ± 5.60 minutes, p < 0.001). NAC viability did not differ significantly, with partial necrosis in 4.7 www.springer.com/00266 .

Students with challenging behaviors can put a strain on both teachers and other learners in the classroom. While responding to challenging behavior in an effective and educative manner is critical for successfully teaching school-age children, teachers are often under-trained in evidence-based behavior reduction techniques. Timeout (TO) is defined as a behavior reduction strategy that involves removing access to reinforcement and reinforcers. TO procedures have a long history of research regarding its effectiveness and have been used by teachers and other service providers for decades. Furthermore, TO procedures can be categorized into two broad types (exclusionary and non-exclusionary) with a variety of implementation methods for each. This analysis examined published studies on TO and TO procedures for students identified as needing behavioral support. Along with analyzing the published research, we calculated the effect sizes of the TO procedures used for each study using single case research design methodologies (i.e., within-case standard mean difference and between- case standard mean difference) as appropriate and group design methodology (i.e., standard mean difference). We also evaluated publication bias on TO research for students who need behavioral support and analyzed the quality of each included study. Implications for research and practice are discuss.