The dieback disease caused by Fusarium solani poses a significant challenge to tea cultivation. Trichoderma has the potential to combat this disease effectively without any residual effects. Out of several Trichoderma isolates collected from Dooars region of the West Bengal, India, the most potent strain was assessed under field conditions for the management of dieback disease in the Darjeeling, Dooars, and Assam zones. T. asperellum sprays at 1000 and 1200 ml/ha concentrations were found to be effective in managing the disease at all locations during both seasons. In Darjeeling, the infected shoots were 7.9 and 7.6 at 1000 and 1200 concentrations, respectively, compared to 27.3 in the untreated control during season I. During season II, the number of infected shoots was 8.1 and 7.3, respectively, compared to 29.9 in the control group. In Dooars such shoots were 8.6 and 8.2 respectively, against 31.3 shoots in control during season‑I and during season II the infected shoots were observed as 7.8 and 7.2 respectively, as compared to 29.9 in control plot. A similar trend was observed in Assam during both seasons. There was an increase in tea yield in T. asperellum-sprayed plots at all locations. During season I in Darjeeling, the tea yields were 422 and 425 kg at both concentrations, respectively, compared to 377 Kg in the untreated control. They were 395 and 399 Kg, respectively, in season II, compared with 354 Kg in the untreated control. In Dooars 1694 and 1703, Kg tea yield was obtained with these concentrations, which was higher than the untreated control (1519 Kg) in the first season, and a similar pattern was noted during the second season in terms of yield. A similar yield enhancement was observed in Assam during both seasons. The formulation did not harm beneficial insects across all zones, and no phytotoxicity was observed on tea leaves. The findings of this study suggest that T. asperellum is a promising agent for reducing tea dieback disease. It has negligible phytotoxicity and increases production without harming beneficial insects.
Worldwide, mycoparasites in mushrooms seriously impair the financial success of commercial mushroom farms. Especially, Trichoderma species cause green mold disease that lowers the production and quality of edible mushrooms. The volatile and non-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by bacteria can significantly impact positively or negatively the morphological characteristics and mycelial growth of fungi. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate 161 bacterial isolates’ fungicidal potential against Trichoderma spp. such as T. viride, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum. Our results showed that co-cultivation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Aneurinibacillus migulanus, Bacillus paramycoides, and Bacillus isolates 28, 65, and 88 exhibited antagonistic activities against Trichoderma spp. Notably, antagonistic activity of 73.3% was recorded for B. paramycoides against T. viride compared to the control and other species. However, no antagonism was expressed by P. fluorescens, B. clausii, and B. polymyxa against Trichoderma spp. Dose-dependent antibacterial activity was observed in intra- and extracellular crude extract of B. paramycoidesagainst B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. The bioactive VOCs and non-VOCs produced by B. paramycoides were characterized by GC-MS that may significantly inhibit spore germination of T. viride, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum. Our finding demonstrates how strikingly species-dependent impacts of bacteria discourage mycelial growth, and how bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can do just that. From the results, it can be apparent that B. paramycoides could be used as bio-fungicidal against Trichoderma spp. induced infections during mushroom farming.
This study was proposed to isolate Trichoderma spp., (VT-1 to VT-18) from healthy rhizosphere (20 cm deep) of different fields and from diverse agro-ecological sub regions of India.The 18 isolates were screened for their antagonist efficacy, drought, temperature, salinity tolerance, volatile, non-volatile and chitinase production.The five fungal phytopathogens were tested for antagonistic potential against eight Trichoderma spp., isolates viz.VT7, VT8, VT13, VT14, VT15, VT16, VT17 and VT18 that gave aconsiderable antagonistic effect on mycelial growth of the pathogens in dual cultures compared to the controls.Maximum inhibition occurred in Magnaporthe oryzae 90%, Rhizoctonia solani 84.70%, Fusarium ricini 70%, Macrophomina phaseolina 70.50% and Athelia rolfsii 64.50% using dual culture assay and through production of non-volatile inhibitors.Trichoderma spp. was treated in various concentration of poly ethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 DA, 10-40 Mpa isolates VT2 and VT7 shown highest drought tolerance, salinity tolerance studied by various NaCl concentrations.0.1-3 M NaCl concentration was adopted on four isolates VT7, VT8, VT9 and VT14 that showed highest saline tolerance at 1.5 M concentration, temperature tolerance growth study was done at a range from 35-44°C to be mesophilic and optimum growth of 44°C was maintained for two isolates VT2 and VT7 that showed highest temperature tolerance in all the experiments compared to the commercial control strains such as Trichoderma harzianum (TNAU), Trichoderma viride (IIHR); Trichoderma asperellum (TRA) was used as control for comparative study.
Anbuselvam Mohan1, Katerina Evangelou2, Hai-Feng Ji2, Periyasamy Vanathi3, Anbuselvam Jeeva3 and Venkateswara Rao Talluri4* Author Affiliations 1Department of Biotechnology, Selvamm College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), India 2Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, USA 3Department of Biotechnology, Sengundhar Arts and Science College, India 4TNA Innovation Centre, Varsha Bioscience and Technology India Private Limited, India Received: March 01, 2022 | Published: March 15, 2022 Corresponding author: T Venkateswara Rao, Director–Research, Prof. TNA Innovation Centre, Varsha Bioscience & Technology India Private Limited, Jiblakpally, Yadadri District-508284, Telangana, India DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2022.42.006779
Food is one of the basic needs of the human being for their survival, growth, and development through providing necessary energy. The agricultural sector contributes to a great extent in ensuring the adequate availability of food commodities. Different crops such as cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits, spices, etc. are important energy sources in agriculture. The production of these crops is determined by various biotic as well as abiotic factors. Biotic factors include certain fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc. which may cause different types of plant diseases of agricultural crops and ultimately cause losses in terms of reduced crop production as well as deteriorate the quality of produce. Since long back the chemical fungicides had been one of the most adopted and widely used approaches; however owing to day by day increasing awareness related to harmful impact on the environment as well as human health, the mindset of human beings has been changing toward the alternate of chemicals. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is one of the naturally occurring promising options to tackle the disease problems in the agricultural sector to a significant extent. The genus Trichoderma is considered the most popular among the microbial candidates imparting ISR in various crops including cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and so on. This chapter is principally focused on different aspects of Trichoderma spp. in the induced systemic resistance (ISR) phenomena through its interaction with plants and their resultants. The ISR could be a promising approach for the management of plant diseases, especially in the organic crop production system and integrated disease management (IDM) strategies. Seed treatment, soil application, and foliar spray of Trichoderma species laid the initiation and development of ISR activities in plants at physiological and biochemical levels.
