Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), previously spelled Visveswaraiah Technological University, is a collegiate public state university in Belagavi, Karnataka established by the Government of Karnataka. All colleges in the State of Karnataka imparting education in Engineering or Technology, except those that have the consent of VTU and sanction of the Government, are required to be affiliated with Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi. The university is named after Sir M. Visvesvaraya, an Indian civil engineer, statesman and the 19th Diwan of Mysore.
This study reports the synthesis and multifunctional performance of hierarchical PANI/g-C3N4/ZnO ternary composites prepared via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization technique. The synergistic integration of polyaniline (PANI), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and zinc oxide (ZnO) has been studied for structural, optical, and electrical characteristics, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analyses, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic efficiency of the composites was evaluated by measuring the degradation of malachite green (MG) under UV irradiation. The ternary composite achieved 96.5
This study investigates the energy dissipation and stiffness degradation behaviour of three geopolymer concrete (GPC) grades- M40, M50 and M60. Using cyclic compression test data, the relationships between plastic strain, stiffness loss, envelope strain and energy dissipation are examined. Empirical expressions are developed to estimate the energy dissipation ratio (Ed) for each grade based on the observed experimental results. The results show that both energy dissipation and stiffness degradation in GPC exhibit a bilinear pattern, where the early stage is dominated by elastic strain accumulation, followed by a second phase with a steeper rise in Ed as loading continues. The transition between these two regions allows the identification of elastic limits for each grade through their respective stress-envelope strain ratios. The results also indicate that GPC strength plays a significant role in its cyclic behaviour: higher-strength mixes display a more stable, linear stress–strain response with reduced conversion of strain energy into crack formation, whereas lower-strength mixes experience faster deterioration under comparatively lower strains and higher stresses.
Heat exchangers (HEX) are integral to industrial, automotive, and aerospace systems, where efficient thermal management is critical. Passive enhancement techniques, such as fin attachments, improve heat transfer without additional energy input. This study examines the effect of fin geometry on the performance of a double pipe heat exchanger (DPHEX). Three-dimensional CFD simulations were conducted using FLUENT19 under turbulent flow conditions, with triangular, trapezoidal, and rectangular fins introduced on the annulus side. Performance metrics including heat transfer rate, pressure drop, and thermo-hydraulic efficiency were analyzed and validated against experimental data, with a 7
Recent advancements in phased array antennas employing Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing spectral efficiency and supporting high-capacity wireless communication. Nevertheless, conventional OAM-based antenna designs often encounter critical challenges, including high dielectric losses, restricted bandwidth, inadequate isolation, and complex geometrical configurations, which limit their applicability in wideband and high-frequency domains. To overcome these limitations, this work introduces a novel PhaseHelix Fractal Antenna Array tailored for Super Wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems spanning 3.1–40 GHz. The proposed design, featuring an 8 × 8 Fractal Antenna Array with Minkowski-fractal patch radiators and embedded H-slots, extends the electrical path length, redistributes surface currents, and achieves substantial improvements in bandwidth, gain, and mutual isolation. A dual-stage impedance matching network, comprising 3.1–40 GHz, a T-type circuit and a λ/4 stub, facilitates enhanced return loss characteristics ( S_11 < –10 dB) across the operational band. Furthermore, an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) ground plane is integrated to optimize the axial ratio, minimize backward radiation, and sustain circularly polarized OAM modes. The feeding mechanism utilizes nickel-coated brass with phase-tunable attributes to enable dynamic beam steering, OAM mode-division multiplexing, and robust MIMO channel isolation (≥ 20 dB). Comprehensive simulations and experimental validations conducted using Ansys HFSS confirm superior gain, bandwidth, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and OAM mode purity. These results establish the PhaseHelix Fractal Antenna Array as a compact, scalable, and high-performance candidate for secure, adaptive, and next-generation wireless networks.
Obesity, characterized by excess body fat, increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and musculoskeletal disorders. Traditional metrics such as Body Mass Index (BMI) often misrepresent body composition, necessitating more accurate predictive models. Machine learning (ML) offers promise but typically requires complex, expertise-driven workflows. This study presents a proof-of-concept multi-agent framework that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to automate body fat percentage prediction and generate personalized health recommendations. Using a structured dataset comprising 252 samples with anthropometric features, the system employs a coordination layer to manage specialized agents responsible for data preprocessing, model training, evaluation, and recommendation generation. CoT reasoning enables adaptive task optimization by dynamically adjusting workflows—such as imputation and hyperparameter tuning—based on dataset characteristics, thereby reducing manual intervention. Model interpretability is achieved through feature attribution methods, while an interactive user interface facilitates visualization and real-time feedback. The CoT-enhanced framework outperforms both static-prompt multi-agent systems (MSE: 6.78, R2: 0.84) and manual baselines (MSE: 18.19, R2: 0.748), with XGBoost achieving the best results (MSE: 4.12, R2: 0.92). Personalized outputs—including diet, exercise, and lifestyle guidance—are generated for each user. The proposed system reduces development time (≈ 95
