Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University (VBSPU), formerly Purvanchal University, is a public state university based in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established in 1987 as a residential-cum-affiliating university. It is named after Shri Veer Bahadur Singh, the former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.The university is engaged in research through MoU with foreign and local universities, organizations and institutions. Many of its departments are identified by UGC as Centres of Excellence.
A novel reduction approach is introduced to design the controller and simplify the complexity of large-scale continuous dynamic systems. This technique involves a generalized adaptation of the standard pole clustering method, which is used to derive the reduced denominator coefficients for the simplified model. The numerator polynomial coefficients are then determined using the Cauer second form. The generalized pole clustering (GPC) algorithm ensures that the key characteristics, such as stability and dominant poles, are preserved in the reduced system. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and gauge the closeness of the reduced model to the original system, various performance error indices are calculated. The technique has been applied to several benchmark systems, consistently yielding minimal error indices. After obtaining the reduced-order model, its transfer function is used to design the PID and lead/lag compensators via a moment matching algorithm. When the controller designed from the reduced model is applied to the original dynamical system, the closed-loop plant gives approximately the same response as required. Additionally, unit step responses and time domain specifications of the closed-loop plants are evaluated to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.
A Schiff base ligand L 1 was synthesized via the condensation reaction between from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and 4-methoxyaniline. This Schiff base was employed for the preparation of metal complexes of type [M(L)2] in a 1:2 metal-to-ligand ratio (where M = Co(II) 2, Ni(II) 3 and Cu(II) 4. The ligand 1 and complexes 2–4 were characterized using elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods such FT-IR, UV-Vis, ¹H NMR, and mass spectrometry. The DFT methods at 6-31G(d, p) basis set and B3LYP function were employed for computational calculation. The computational calculations include geometry optimization, HOMO–LUMO analysis, molecular electrostatic potential mapping to get detailed insight into electronic structure and charge-transfer behaviour. The spectroscopic and computational calculation suggest mono-functional bidentate nature of ligand with coordination through azomethine nitrogen and deprotonated phenolic oxygen atoms. A distorted square planar geometry is tentatively proposed around metal ion in complexes. Nonlinear optical properties investigation revealed significant enhancement in polarizability and hyperpolarizability upon metal coordination. In-vitro antibacterial activities measured against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus using agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity measurement demonstrated superior inhibition zones for the metal complexes compared to the free ligand, with the Cu (II) complex showing the highest efficacy.
This study explores the development of students' social entrepreneurship competencies (SEC) through the combined lens of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and experiential learning theory (ELT). Data were collected using a stratified random sampling method from 384 students enrolled in higher education institutions in Delhi, Greater Noida, and Noida. The results reveal that moral obligation, self-efficacy, and social support significantly and positively impact SEC. Although empathy does not directly influence SEC, its relationship becomes significant when moderated by experiential learning, signifying that experiential exposure enhances students' empathetic engagement in entrepreneurial contexts. The moderating effect of experiential learning also strengthens the link between moral obligation and SEC. These findings validate the role of experiential learning as a pedagogical enabler, transforming intention into competency and bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. The study contributes to entrepreneurship education by extending TPB and reinforcing the value of ELT in shaping socially responsive, competency-driven student entrepreneurs.
The condensation reaction between 2,6-dimethylaniline and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde results in the formation of Schiff base, (E)-1-(((2,6-dimethylphenyl)imino)methyl)naphthalene-2-ol, 1. The metal complexes, 2-4 were obtained by the reaction of acetate salt of cobalt, nickel, and copper with ligand, 1 in a 1:2 molar ratio(s). The physicochemical methods and spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible, FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry were used to characterize ligand and metal complexes. The density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP/6-311G basis set was incorporated to optimize structure of ligand and complexes 1-4. The energy of HOMO-LUMO, electrostatic potential, and non-linear optical properties were also investigated. The molecular docking of ligand and complexes 1-4 was achieved using AutoDock/Vina against 1EA1 and 1KZN PDB ID. The ligand and metal complexes were screened for anti-pathogenic properties against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. niger.
