Vishwakarma University

This study presents a novel and non-destructive technique for the detection of weak welds between the pole piece and the cell terminal in an electric vehicle battery module. The proposed method uses a system comprising non-contact vibration excitation and a laser displacement sensor for weak-weld detection. A pulsed gas jet is reported for the first time to generate transient vibrations at the weld region. The resulting micro-scale vibrations are measured with a high-precision laser displacement sensor, and the peak deflection is correlated with the weld strength. A microcontroller-based system is used to control the gas flow to create a pulsed jet, and the resulting transient vibrations are analysed using the NI LabVIEW data acquisition system to determine the maximum deflection. Destructive testing is subsequently conducted on each joint using a universal testing machine to determine the weld strength. A total of 150 joints were inspected using the proposed non-destructive and conventional destructive methods. A strong correlation was observed between the maximum peak deflection and the weld strength, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate classification performance. The selected peak-deflection threshold of 0.065 mm correctly identified all weak joints, as determined by the universal testing machine, in the present dataset. The analysis achieved 100% sensitivity and 97.33% classification accuracy, while a limited number of acceptable-strength joints were conservatively flagged for further inspection. Accordingly, the proposed method is used as a conservative production-screening tool in which elevated deflection indicates a potential weak weld or mechanically abnormal condition requiring further evaluation.

The spread of digital technologies has turned cybercrime into a persistent and organized form of transnational crime. What began as isolated hacking or online fraud has grown into complex ecosystems built on specialization, coordination, and reliance on global infrastructures. This chapter offers a framework for analyzing organized cybercrime by combining insights from crime theory, cybersecurity, and political economy. It traces its historical development, examines organizational traits, and situates it within networked and market-based systems. Three dimensions form the foundation: networks, describing structural relations; illicit markets, explaining economic logic; and digital power, highlighting asymmetric influence. As the opening chapter, it establishes clarity and coherence while equipping researchers, policymakers, and law enforcement with tools to address today's cybercriminal landscape.

Physical or sexual abuse in childhood is a risk factor for violence and harassment in future intimate partner, which is a critical health concern globally. Several studies have been proposed to address the influence of attachment on violence in general, but few studies are available highlighting the role of attachment on dating violence. We explore how attachment is linked to dating violence among youth. We predict that gender would have a moderating role between attachment and dating violence among youth. The present research was Online-Questionnaire-based and employed a predictive correlational research design. Our sample consisted of 1,246 participants aged 18 to 22 years, selected using a convenience sampling method. Moderation analysis was used to analyze the data. Moderation analysis shows partial acceptance of the hypotheses. We found a moderating influence of gender among participants who exhibited an ambivalent attachment style, which is significant for males. Gender did not moderate the relationship for secure and avoidant attachment styles toward dating violence among youth. These findings offer novel insights into prevention programs aimed at reducing dating and domestic violence, emphasizing the pivotal role of attachment security and insecurity in mitigating the risk of violence in dating relationships.

Objective:Detecting 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a vital metabolite in urine, is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring carcinoid tumors. Traditional methods such as spectrophotometric analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography provide high selectivity and sensitivity but are costly and unsuitable for on-site testing.Materials and Methods:Recently, paper-based analytical devices have emerged as innovative solutions for detecting various substances, including chemicals, environmental pollutants, and microorganisms. This study investigated the use of Whatman filter papers No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4, along with Whatman chromatography paper, to develop a paper-based assay for 5-HIAA using Ehrlich's reagent.Results:Optimization showed that an immersion time of 180 min and a drying time of 30 min at room temperature were most effective.Conclusion:Among the tested filter papers, Whatman CF6 paper demonstrated the best performance for 5-HIAA detection.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in India, which reported about a quarter of the world’s TB cases in 2023. Awareness programs are vital for early diagnosis and treatment, yet reaching rural populations in states like Bihar is challenging because of low digital literacy, poor internet coverage and a reliance on shared devices. This intervention study compared facilitator-supported e-learning modules with a more informal mobile-based education approach to assess which method better improves community TB knowledge. Adults from rural and semi-urban Bihar were assigned at the cluster level to either group sessions at community centres or to self-directed mobile messaging. Both interventions provided identical content tailored to local language and literacy levels and were evaluated using pre- and post-intervention knowledge tests, retention assessments, engagement logs, completion rates, satisfaction surveys and reported willingness to share information. Results showed that the structured e-learning group achieved higher gains in knowledge (37.6% vs 34.1%), stronger retention after four weeks (82.3% vs 77.5%) and higher engagement and completion rates. Participant satisfaction and willingness to discuss TB topics with peers were also higher in the e-learning arm. The study suggests that community-based digital learning delivered through facilitated group sessions can overcome barriers posed by low literacy and variable connectivity and may be preferable to unstructured mobile messaging for TB awareness. Expanding such models alongside digital literacy initiatives could contribute to better TB control.