Uttaranchal University is a state private research university located at Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India near Indian Military Academy. It was established by an Act of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly under Shri Shushila Devi education foundation. It has been accredited with 'A+' by NAAC.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants with high persistence and significant toxic effects on ecosystems and human health. Despite numerous regional studies, a comprehensive understanding of their global distribution across major environmental compartments—soil, water, air, and sediment—is still lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis address this gap by synthesizing worldwide data to reveal spatial patterns and identify regions with higher contamination levels. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and grey literature identified 15,084 records, of which 79 studies met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled PAH concentrations across environmental media and evaluate heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias. The results revealed marked regional disparities, with the highest levels generally reported in Nigeria, Iran, China, and Egypt. Water and soil were the most frequently investigated media (28.7
This study focuses on the prospective of Industry 4.0 technologies in advancing mental health care and promoting holistic well-being in line with Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3). Mental health disorders pose a critical challenge to the world’s healthcare infrastructure. Innovative technological solutions are required for the effective treatment, ongoing monitoring, and early diagnosis of mental health issues.The study focuses on the potential of emerging digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, blockchain technology, and digital twins in advancing mental health diagnosis and treatment. The study undertook a systematic literature review using a PRISMA-based approach. The study examined over 250 peer-reviewed publications from reputable academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. To find important technological trends and applications in mental health care, a thematic synthesis technique was used to study the chosen literature.The study identified key technological trends and applications in mental health care such as AI-based predictive analytics, IoT-based wearable health monitoring, robotic therapeutic assistance, blockchain-based secure medical data management, and digital twin simulations. The results offer a comprehensive synthesis of the applications of Industry 4.0 technology in the mental health system, emphasizing the potential for the technology to improve the early detection of mental health disorders, patient engagement, and the processes of making decisions within the system. The research, however, highlights the challenges that are likely to hinder the application of Industry 4.0 technology, including the issue of data privacy, the use of biased algorithms, the issue of technology accessibility, and the human oversight of AI-assisted therapy. The review, therefore, shows the potential for Industry 4.0 technology to improve the proactive, personalized, and data-driven nature of the mental health system, as well as the achievement of SDG 3.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and neuronal death. Approved therapies, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, provide only symptomatic relief without halting progression. AD involves multifaceted pathologies: amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Multi-target natural compounds like ginsenosides from Panax ginseng show promise in preclinical models by modulating these pathways. Key ginsenosides (Rg1, Rb1, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg3) inhibit Aβ production (via BACE1 suppression and α-secretase enhancement), promote Aβ clearance (via IDE/NEP upregulation), reduce tau phosphorylation (via GSK-3β/CDK5 modulation), and exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Limited clinical evidence from small open-label trials of Korean Red Ginseng suggests cognitive improvements (e.g., in ADAS-cog and MMSE scores), with good tolerability. However, poor oral bioavailability and limited blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration remain challenges, addressable via intranasal or nanoparticle delivery. While preclinical data are robust, clinical translation is limited by study heterogeneity and small samples. Ginsenosides warrant further investigation as adjunctive multi-target agents for AD.
The growing global demand for sustainable energy and the environmental limitations of fossil-fuel-based power generation have intensified interest in next-generation photovoltaic technologies. Among emerging approaches, oxide-based solar cells—particularly dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite–oxide hybrid systems—have gained considerable attention due to their low fabrication cost, material versatility, and compatibility with flexible or building-integrated photovoltaic applications. Recent studies demonstrate that nanocarbon materials and room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) can significantly enhance the performance of these devices by improving charge transport, catalytic activity, and interfacial stability. For example, graphene- or ionic liquid-modified electrolytes have been reported to increase ionic conductivity by up to 93
Staphylococcus aureus infections remain a major clinical challenge due to rapid acquisition of antimicrobial resistance, exemplified by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The imidazole scaffold has attracted sustained interest owing to its chemical versatility and broad pharmacological relevance. This review provides the first comprehensive and critical summary of recent advances in the synthesis and anti-staphylococcal activity of structurally diverse imidazole derivatives, including benzimidazoles, metal complexes, mercapto- and polycyclic analogues, and hybrid conjugates with bioactive motifs such as indole, berberine, and rifamycin. Both conventional and enabling methodologies (microwave- and ultrasound-assisted synthesis) are evaluated, with key transformations encompassing condensations, transition-metal-catalyzed couplings, complexation, El-Saghier, and Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reactions. Structure–activity relationship analyses reveal that indole-, rifamycin-, berberine-, and N-aryl-substituted imidazoles exhibit superior potency against resistant strains, whereas hydroxynaphthalene, 2-phenyl-benzimidazole, imidazothiadiazole, and isatin analogues often show diminished activity. Collectively, these insights provide a rational framework for designing next-generation imidazole-based anti-staphylococcal agents, while underscoring the need for comprehensive profiling of stability, toxicity, and PK/PD properties to enable clinical translation.
