Volgograd State University

The peculiarity of mapping the memory of the central processing unit (CPU) to the memory of the graphics processing unit (GPU) is discussed in the case of its dynamic allocation using OpenACC directives. The problem is that the array is not placed contiguously in memory. Therefore, the program associates all bytes of the computer's RAM between the start and end elements of the dynamic array with bytes of the GPU's memory, regardless of whether all of these bytes are actually occupied by the array elements. This leads to an unjustified and unpredictable increase in the size of the GPU memory allocated to store the dynamic array. Our simulations show that the increase in memory size can reach two orders of magnitude. The source code for dynamic allocation of a contiguous block of memory for two-dimensional arrays in C is given. This approach can be easily generalized to the case of an arbitrary number of dimensions. Testing of the described method showed that the sizes of dynamic arrays in the memory of the central and graphic processors coincide.

Metal-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as versatile nanostructures with tunable properties for energy conversion, storage, and environmental remediation.

Symmetry-breaking charge transfer (SBCT) has traditionally been studied in multichromophore donor-acceptor systems. Recent experimental observations in a centrosymmetric acene derivative lacking donor-acceptor structure challenge this paradigm, revealing activation of Laporte-forbidden transitions in polar solvents - a key signature of SBCT. Here, we develop a model for solvation-driven symmetry breaking in centrosymmetric, non-donor-acceptor compounds. The model considers two excited states of opposite parity, whose quantum superposition yields a state with a non-zero dipole moment. Polar solvents stabilize these mixed states, leading to symmetry breaking when the total reorganization energy exceeds half of the energy gap between the even and odd excited states. The key difference from donor-acceptor systems is the smallness of the dipole moment, which leads to significantly lower reorganization energies. Therefore, SBCT is possible if the energy gap between the lowest excited states of different parities is small enough. The model also predicts nonlinearity in Lippert-Mataga plots as the excited state dipole moment increases with increasing solvent polarity. These results provide a general framework for understanding symmetry breaking in centrosymmetric molecules without charge transfer bands and suggest that strategic functionalization with polarizable substituents, rather than the incorporation of strong donor-acceptor moieties, may be a powerful strategy for developing materials with environmentally responsive photophysical properties.

We present a unified theoretical model for the nonlinear terahertz response of an excited octupolar molecule in an electromagnetic field. The model incorporates strong vibronic interactions (the Jahn-Teller effect) and dipole-field interaction, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the zeroth (permanent), first, and second harmonics of the induced molecular dipole moment. A key finding is the contrasting response of the harmonics to rotation of the wave's polarization plane: the first-harmonic component of the dipole moment remains locked collinear to the electric field, whereas the zeroth- and second-harmonic components rotate in the opposite direction at twice the angle. This counter-rotation originates from the C3 symmetry of the molecule and provides for arbitrary mutual orientation of the first-harmonic component relative to the zeroth- and second-harmonic components, thereby enabling direct measurements of these two contributions. Moreover, the response exhibits strong resonances at well-defined frequencies governed by the vibronic interaction parameters, giving rise to clearly identifiable spectral features.

the paper investigates the phenomenon of abuse of subjective right by examining it through the prism of a legal construct. The purpose and objectives of the study are to analyze abusive exercise of rights for the possibility of recognizing it as a legal construct, as well as to formulate characteristic features that collectively define a model of criminally unlawful exercise of a subjective right by an entitled person. The research methods include the general scientific methods traditional for humanities, such as analysis, synthesis, and the systemic approach, as well as the formal legal method and the method of legal interpretation. Results: the formation of abuse of subjective right as a general legal construct with significant potential for its legal development, both in doctrinal and practical dimensions, is substantiated. Furthermore, a model of such an abuse of a subjective right, the counteraction to which requires the application of criminal repression measures, is constructed. Conclusions: the insufficient scientific elaboration of the legal construct of abuse of right and its superficial reflection in the current legislation, hindering effective counteraction to this offense, necessitate the development of the appropriate construct both as a general (generic) concept of abuse of subjective right and a specific model of criminal forms of abuse of subjective right.