Background: Objective was to study the transfusion practice of red blood cell concentrates (RBC) in children hospitalized in the pediatric departments of the Brazzaville University Hospital. Methods: A single-center analytical cross-sectional study on RBC transfusion in children was carried out between November 2022 and October 2023 in the pediatric departments of Brazzaville University Hospital Centre (B-UHC). Children aged 1 month to 17 years, hospitalized for severe anemia who had received a RGC transfusion were included. The study variables were sociodemographic, clinical, biological, those linked to blood transfusion (BT) of RBC and progressive. The Chi square test and odds ratio were used with significance at p<0.05. Results: A total of 300 patients (21.59%) were included, including 53% boys, sex ratio 1.13. The average age was 21.5 months (range 1 month and 17 years). Children aged 1 month to 5 years represented 49.3%. Sickle cell disease was the main cause of anemia: 57.6%. The average haemoglobin (Hb) level before transfusion was 5.9 g/dl. The most used blood was that of group O+. TS significantly improved Hb and hematocrit levels. Death occurred in 17% of cases linked to low socio-economic status (SES), a long time to transfusion and a Hb level <5 g/dl on admission. Conclusions: TS of RGCs remains a very frequent activity in the pediatric environment of the Brazzaville University Hospital in relation to the prevalence of severe anemia. The prevention of the main pathologies causing severe anemia as well as the strengthening of the capacities of the National Blood Transfusion Centre (NBTC) remain the essential therapeutic weapons.
The diversified inflation of litigation in contemporary society has led to a shift from the State as master of justice to the State as litigant. This justiciability of the cold monster is more perceptible before the administrative judge. The Cameroonian and Congolese litigation arenas offer us the opportunity to appreciate (perhaps to varying degrees) the setting in motion of the diptych equality-legality, which is the primary element in the office of this Judge. However, it happens to be in crisis. A crisis whose characteristics are based on its legitimacy and identity. To resolve this crisis, the Cameroonian and Congolese administrative judges must play an active role in legitimizing himself by discovering his true identity, in order to fully play his role in building and consolidating the rule of law. He must therefore combine the figures of Saint Louis and Solomon to deliver "Justice".
Introduction: Oxycodone hydrochloride can affect the nervous system, as well as other systems such as the endocrine and reproductive systems. Exposure to oxycodone hydrochloride is not without adverse effects. These adverse effects can lead to infertility. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of oxycodone hydrochloride on reproductive functions in adult female Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Fifteen adult female Wistar rats, weighing between 100 and 300 g, were used. Treatment was administered orally for thirty days. Three batches, each containing five adult female Wistar rats, were formed and treated as follows: (1) a control batch given distilled water at 10 ml/kg; (2) and (3) batches treated with oxycodone hydrochloride at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively. The variables studied included physiological measurements, hormone assays and histological analysis of the ovaries. Results: Exposure of adult female Wistar rats to oxycodone hydrochloride at doses of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg induced severe morphological alterations such as palpable adnexal masses plus a significant (p<0.05) increase in ovarian weight. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in FSH, LH and progesterone was also observed. Microscopic alterations such as cortical granuloma nodules were observed. Conclusion: Prolonged administration of oxycodone hydrochloride led to a significant increase in ovarian weight, associated with severe morphological alterations, hormone depletion and the appearance of microscopic ovarian alterations. All these disturbances are potentially linked to infertility. Keywords: oxycodone hydrochloride, infertility, hormone, ovary, histology, rats
The soil seed bank is considered as an important mechanism for the natural regeneration, resilience and conservation of the forests after disturbances. This study evaluates the characteristics of the soil seed bank in two post-logging plots of Loundoungou-Toukoulaka Forest Management Unit: one plot exploited in 2008 and another exploited in 2021. In each study plot, 40 samples were collected per soil layer (0 - 5 cm, 5 - 10 cm, 10 - 15 cm, 15 - 20 cm and 20 - 25 cm depth). The species diversity and abundance of the soil seed bank were estimated after soil samples were brought to germination. The results demonstrated that 347 seedlings belonging to 37 species in the plot exploited in 2008 and 418 seedlings belonging to 27 species in that exploited in 2021 germinated during 20 weeks of monitoring. The total densities of the seedlings identified were respectively 1446 seedlings/m2 and 1742 seedlings/m2. The plot exploited in 2021 presented a higher proportion of herbaceous species (93.78%) compared to that exploited in 2008 (82.71%). Two pioneer species were recorded in the plot exploited in 2008. These are Macaranga barteri (0.29%) in the 0 - 5 cm layer and Musanga cecropioides (2.31%) up to 20 cm deep. On the other hand, in the plot exploited in 2021, Macaranga spinosa (0.96%) in the 0 - 5 cm layer and M. cecropioides (0.96%) up to 20 cm deep were identified. In the plot exploited in 2008, the 20 - 25 cm layer demonstrated important proportions in woody species (9%), these are in particular Rubiaceae sp.4 and Nauclea diderrichii. While that exploited in 2021, presented 19% of woody species, namely the species of Rubiaceae sp.4, Rubiaceae sp.5 and N. diderrichii, greatly exceeding the proportions obtained in the 15 - 20 cm layer of the two plots. Nonetheless, N. diderrichii was the only commercial species recorded with densities of 108 seedlings/m2 and 4 seedlings/m2, respectively in the plot exploited in 2008 and that exploited in 2021. Commercial tree species are poorly represented in the soil seed bank. Consequently, the study suggests that to improve the natural regeneration of the commercial species, silvicultural interventions based on planting techniques in the exploited plots should be more effective in order to sustainably manage these production forests.
Assessing abundance and monitoring ecology and population trends are of critical importance for animal species of conservation concern. For sea turtles, annual nest counts represent the most common method of estimating population size. However, to develop a better understanding of population trends, these data need to be complemented by other reproductive parameters, which are lacking for many nesting populations across central Africa.To this end, an intensive capture-mark-recapture programme was conducted spanning 21 years (1997-2018) in the most important nesting sites on the Atlantic coast of central Africa (Gabon and Congo) for leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) sea turtles.A total of 18,105 encounters of 14,109 D. coriacea individuals and 2678 encounters of 2427 L. olivacea individuals were recorded. Biological and technical parameters such as clutch frequency, inter-nesting interval, remigration interval, annual survival rate, somatic growth, size trends, tag loss and number of annual nesting females were estimated through a variety of methods and models.The study detected a decline in body size and low survival probability (not due to tag loss) in both species but no clear decline in estimated annual number of nesting females. High fidelity to nesting sites (<30 km for both species) implies that the current conservation strategy, protecting the main nesting areas, could be effective.We recommend that local conservation managers promote: (i) continued monitoring of the nesting activity of the two species through capture-mark-recapture programmes; (ii) continued nest counts at long-term monitoring sites, which may also detect possible spatial shifts; and (iii) strengthening of cross-border cooperation between Gabon and Republic of the Congo given the observed connectivity between nesting sites of the two countries.
