Cardiac rehabilitation intended to improve exercise capacity is rarely considered necessary in athletes. This study aimed to show the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation in an amateur cyclist. A 70-year-old male recreational cyclist with a history of a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction was scheduled to take part in the second phase of a hybrid cardiac tele-rehabilitation program. To personalize the patient’s training program, a 6-minute walk test and a cardiopulmonary exercise test were performed; they revealed his exercise capacity to be above average (peak oxygen uptake of 48 mL/min/kg). The patient was scheduled to undergo progressive interval training on his own bicycle under telemonitoring. During these training sessions at home, the patient reported improved exercise tolerance, denied anginal pain, and exhibited good blood pressure control. The patient’s exercise tolerance improved once the second stage of rehabilitation was completed. Cardiac rehabilitation is warranted and can benefit even patients with above-average exercise routines. These benefits include personalized adjustment of exercise intensity and assessment of the safety of undertaken exercise. Athletes may return to their previous level of exercise, provided they follow a personalized and safe training regimen.
Background. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) affect the TMJ, masticatory muscles, and related structures. They are critical in sports medicine, as athletes face unique stressors—from facial trauma to exertional bruxism—impacting postural stability and quality of life. Despite their clinical significance, standardized imaging protocols for professional athletes are lacking. Aim. This narrative review presents an evidence-based, symptom-oriented algorithm for selecting efficient imaging modalities for TMDs in athletes. It combines conventional imaging (MRI, CBCT) with cutting-edge AI and DL screening methods to establish a contemporary diagnostic protocol. Material and methods. A literature search (2018–2026) was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, WOS, and IEEE Xplore. It included studies on biomechanics, neurophysiology, sports medicine, imaging techniques (MRI, CBCT, US), and DL applications in orofacial diagnostics. Results. Diagnostic protocols should be tailored to athletes' specific clinical signs and sport-related risks. While MRI remains the gold standard for soft tissue, disc derangements, and early inflammation, CBCT offers superior resolution for osseous degeneration and fractures. Furthermore, recent DL models (e.g., TMJ-PanoNet) enable sensitive prescreening using widely available 2D panoramic radiographs. Conclusions. A symptom-oriented, AI-assisted imaging protocol improves diagnostic speed, accuracy, and treatment outcomes. Early detection of TMJ dysfunctions helps control TMD progression, reduce chronic pain, and restore biomechanical balance, potentially preventing premature career termination in professional athletes.
Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) improves long-term metabolic health and fertility in women with severe obesity. However, the extent to which preoperative type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to influence pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. Study aimed to evaluate obstetric and neonatal outcomes depending on T2DM status. This retrospective cohort study included 156 women who conceived after MBS (2015–2024) across 11 Polish bariatric centers. Participants were stratified into three groups: persistent T2DM (PD), T2DM remission (RD), and no preoperative T2DM (CG). Metabolic, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups using appropriate statistical tests. Among 37 women with preoperative T2DM, 19 achieved remission and 18 had persistent T2DM after MBS. Patients with persistent diabetes had significantly higher preoperative and pregnancy body mass index, a higher prevalence of hypertension, and less cardiometabolic improvement compared with women with diabetes remission and controls. Women who achieved diabetes remission demonstrated the greatest postoperative weight loss; however, gestational diabetes developed in 52.6 Persistent diabetes after MBS increases hypertensive pregnancy risk. Diabetes remission still carries a high gestational diabetes risk. Neonatal outcomes similar, but anomalies higher in persistent diabetes. Preoperative diabetes status strongly predicts pregnancy risks after MBS.
Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective obesity treatment. The increasing number of MBS among young patients has led to more post-bariatric pregnancies. Our study investigates how breastfeeding duration impacts postpartum weight retention and health outcomes for mothers and babies after MBS. MOMBARIS (Maternal Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery and Pregnancy Study) is a multicentre study. The population is derived from MOMBARIS 2, which focused on obstetric outcomes. It included patients who became pregnant following MBS, analysing pre-operative metrics, type of surgery, pregnancy details, and breastfeeding duration. Data analysis was conducted using Julius.ai. We analysed 156 patients post-MBS, with 148 pregnancies leading to childbirth. Among them, 131 had laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), 12 underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and 5 had one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). The mean age was 31.7 ± 5.45 years (range 19–48) with a pre-operative BMI of 43.9 kg/m2 ± 5.8 kg/m2 (range 31.9–68.8). The mean
Medical assessment of soldiers behaviour and attitudes has only been a subject of interest within medicine for two centuries; and a comprehensive approach to the methodology of recognising, treating and preventing mental illnesses a few decades. The subject of the analyses undertaken is the issue of mental health after the end of World War II hostilities until 1974. The research material consisted of publications published in “Military Physician” and “Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Medycznej”, which were journals published by the military health service. The work has a historical character and refers only to the state of knowledge in this fi eld during the years indicated in the publication. The material has been divided into two time periods: 1945–1957, in which the only military medical journal was “Military Physician”, and 1958–1974, covering work published in both publications. The historical context during which the journals were published had a direct impact on the content of the articles published. “Biuletyn WAM” began publication after a period strongly infl uenced by Marxist ideology, the infl uence of the theories of Ivan Pavlov, or Trofim Lysenko on Polish science, including the development of psychiatry and psychology. “Military Physician” did not avoid ideological indoctrination. The aim of the research was to verify the extent and scope of mental health issues popularised by military medical journals and to show the development of this specialty over the course of thirty years. The adoption of 1945 as the initial cut-off date is historically justifi ed, while 1974 was chosen due to the noticeable progress in both the number of articles and the topics from the field of psychiatry published in both journals.
