Yugra State University

In this paper, various types of exact soliton solutions of the truncated M-fractional Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov equation, a significant fluid surge model, were obtained. This model accounted for density and heat transfer effects while describing the propagation of pressure waves in mixtures of liquid-gas bubbles. By applying the modified (G '/G2)-expansion method and the extended Sinh-Gordon equation expansion method, we derived new solutions in the forms of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational functions. The obtained solutions were illustrated dynamically using 2D, 3D, and contour plots. These results were novel due to the use of a new definition of fractional derivatives. The effect of the fractional derivative on the solutions was demonstrated through 2D plots. To examine the stability of the obtained solutions, stability analysis was performed. Steady-state solutions were derived using modulation instability analysis. The obtained solutions may be useful in various fields of science and engineering.

Relevance. Modern conditions of drilling operations, associated with the need to open anisotropic rocks at great depths, require the development of drilling equipment and well construction technology. Recent advances in the development of drilling tool designs have shown the possibility of expanding the scope of its application and improving drilling process performance. One of the promising tools in this area is the PDC type tool, which is characterized by a high resource and strength, and also allows for the destruction of rocks of varying hardness and abrasiveness. At the same time, the design features of the PDC cutting elements have the potential for further development of the drilling tool. The wide application possibilities of PDC lie in the fact that cutters of this type can be made of various sizes with a variety of cutting edge shapes, and changing the angles of their orientation on the working surface of the bits easily brings the design of the drilling tool in line with the properties of the rock being destroyed. In addition, the cylindrical shape of such a cutter allows for affecting the hydrodynamic processes occurring in the bottomhole zone during well construction. Thus, the development of the PDC type drilling tool is not exhausted and requires a scientific approach for further development. Aim. To study the effect of design features of PDC cutters with a hole in the cutting edge on the nature of the drill bit operation. Objects. PDC type cutter design with a hole in the cutting edge. Methods. Analytical method, computer modeling method. Results. The authors developed the designs of PDC cutters with a hole in the cutting edge, determined the area of their application, and gave the recommendations for reinforcing bits with PDC cutters with a hole in the cutting edge.

A series of novel 2-acyloxy derivatives of 1-hydroxyanthraquinone was synthesized. The obtained dyes are of interest as optical molecular sensors for the detection of cyanide ions in aqueous environments. Interaction with CN- results in ionization of the hydroxyl group. This study provides quantitative estimates of the efficiency of this interaction and its selectivity toward other anions in a MeCN-H2O mixture. The hypothesis about the potential universality of such acid-base chemosensors for volatile amines was fully confirmed. The investigated dyes demonstrated sufficiently efficient interaction with the model amine (triethylamine). Polymer films containing 2-benzoylamino-1-hydroxyanthraquinone showed significant color changes in the presence of cyanide at concentrations of 10 μM and higher. These same films enabled the detection of gaseous decomposition products of fish meat (volatile amines) prior to the point where the meat becomes unsuitable for consumption.

during the implementation of the policy of humanization of criminal legislation, the technique of administrative prejudice began to be actively used in constructing offenses. The criminal law included norms on liability essentially for repeated commission of administrative offenses. Such acts clearly do not have the level of public danger inherent in a crime, and therefore, the question of the usefulness and expediency of using administrative prejudice in criminal law remains unresolved. Purpose: to determine the conditions under which administrative prejudice can be applied, creating additional opportunities to prevent the commission of new crimes and excluding the criminalization of offenses that do not pose a significant public danger. The methodology is represented by a set of the general scientific and specific scientific methods traditionally used in legal research: dialectical, inductive and deductive, comparative law, system-structural, analysis, synthesis, and other methods of scientific cognition. Results: almost all cases of using administrative prejudice established criminal liability for acts that do not have the public danger characteristic of a crime. Such decisions exacerbate the problem of excessive criminalization of the national criminal law. The description of a criminogenic feature using the technique of administrative prejudice is carried out in the violation of the rule of legislative technique on the unified use of legal terms, which reduces the quality of criminal law prescriptions and complicates their interpretation and application. Conclusions: as a general rule, administrative prejudice as a technique of legislative drafting should not be used in forming norms of the Special Part, since the fact of repeated or multiple commission of an “analogous act” does not increase its public danger. In exceptional cases, the technique of administrative prejudice can be applied in describing a small number of economic, environmental, and some other crimes, the intent to commit which is difficult to prove for objective reasons. The fact of repeated commission of an act prohibited by criminal law will unconditionally indicate the presence of an intentional form of guilt in a person who was previously held liable for a similar offense. In such cases, fundamental doubts about the strictness and fairness of the implementation of criminal liability will be excluded.

Fungi have been used by humans since prehistoric times. Informal structures or groups for knowledge exchange regarding mushrooms and lichens probably existed for ages. Only recently, mycological activities have been structured in formal organizations. And where until a few centuries ago there were only learned societies and naturalists’ clubs, nowadays also mycological societies and citizen scientists have joined the landscape. However, the history of mycological organizations and activities in Europe is difficult to track. Here, we initiated two surveys to characterize the current landscape of mycological organizations focused on fungal diversity across Europe and to collate citizen science activities mapping fungi. The surveys were shared on social media and sent to mycologists in 49 countries in Europe. Responses of the surveys allowed us to present the history, geographical distribution, and structure of mycological organizations in Europe as well as their types of activities, including the publication of journals and magazines, the organization of meetings and educational initiatives, and citizen science projects. In addition to the surveys, local mycologists presented expert knowledge for a more comprehensive overview. Our data show that the mycological landscape in Europe is diverse and heterogeneous. We discuss ways to overcome economic, cultural, and linguistic barriers towards better integration of mycological communities, activities, and data in Europe. Mycological societies focused on studying fungal diversity can be leveraged towards common goals that include raising public awareness, data integration, uniting academics and non-academics, and developing common standards for research and communication.