The article deals with the possibilities of development of a system of temporary repairs and its appropriate integration into the maintenance system of individual armies of the North Atlantic Alliance. Furthermore, the article defines the concept of temporary repair and battle damage and repair (BDAR), its meaning, and, above all, the need for development and integration into the maintenance system in individual NATO states due to the current geopolitical situation. Here are the three NATO armies that have the most sophisticated system of temporary repairs. Individual states have different approaches ranging from single-level to multi-level system of temporary repairs. The article presents their advantages and disadvantages. The authors propose the involvement of telemaintenance in temporary repairs, as well as a sophisticated spare parts supply system using optimization methods to determine the optimal stock and the time required to supply a spare part in the logistics chain.
The risk of cyber-attacks is ever-present, not just in times of war. This article defines the most sophisticated attacks on the power grid during the conflict in Ukraine. It briefly summarises the main events related to attacks on the energy sector in Ukraine, describes the main types of Industroyer2 and its predecessor used for these attacks. It discusses the possible actors involved in the attacks and predicts future developments. It outlines a strategy for preventing these attacks, which can affect both the civilian and military sectors.
The article describes the possession of heavy machinery of 15 th Engineering Regiment, its possibilities in case of fortification and building protective structures. It also describes the possibilities how to choose substitution of an obsolete excavators and loaders. 15 th Engineering regiment is one and only special unit, which supports other kind of specializations to protect soldiers, constructions and military equipment. To reach these goals, engineers are equipped with the exact kind of machinery such as loaders, scrapers, backhoe loaders and wheeled loaders. Main problem lies in moral and technical obsolescence, which quite a lot limits the performance of tasks at national and multinational level. To suppress this negative gap between us and other coalition partners, integrated working teams have been established in 2015 to deal with mentioned problems. Nowadays, the new acquisition process to buy many heavy loaders is in progress with the buy-date in 2024. The next project, the earth digging machine to support survivability, especially to prepare and construct fortified construction, is now in the start of its realization.
Identification of a model of an aircraft is a mean to determine the key parameters, such as aerodynamic, inertial, geometric, and other aircraft characteristics. Aircraft identification is a discipline of flight mechanics, intensively developed in the last decades. This progress is backed by a substantial increase in the computational power, as large datasets accumulated from flight tests need to be processed. Currently, the identification process utilizes the linearized equations of motion to describe the measured data both in the time and frequency domain. This paper presents a hypothesis, whereby the equation of motions in their non-linear form might be used for aircraft model identification. The method presented in this manuscript is yet to be verified on the datasets generated by a software-in-the-loop - as such, it does not account for noise caused by the vibrations, sensor accuracy, or inaccuracies caused by the measurement chain/measurement realization. These effects are significant source of indeterminacy which is undesirable at this stage of the research. Nevertheless, the proposed method presents a novel take on the widespread linearized understanding of non-linearities in mechanics of flight.
In this paper, the study and establishment of a system of differential equations describing the motion of an unguided rocket in space taking into account some structural features of the stabilizer fins are presented. Stabilizer fins characteristics are researched: inclined surface area, and tilt angle of fins. With these parameters, the stability parameters of the PG-7M unguided rocket (the maximum speed of the rocket, maximum deflection angle, maximum attack angle, and spin speed) are determined. Research results are a reliable theoretical basis for determining the structural parameters of rocket fins during research and manufacture.
Satellite imagery forms one of the most important sources of information and data for obtaining knowledge about objects and phenomena that are present or taking place on the Earth's surface. In order to train the staff of the geographic service, it is necessary to master the methods of acquisition, processing, analysis and use of satellite imagery. Without this, it is not possible to meet demanding requirements within geospatial support, whether for training at home territory or in operations abroad. That is why so much attention is paid at the Faculty of Military Technology of the University of Defence and especially at the Department of Military Geography and Meteorology to the preparation of students in remote sensing and imagery processing. For this purpose, not only proprietary SW tools widely used in practice in facilities and departments of the Army of the Czech Republic are used, but also freely available applications that complement them appropriately. This article deals with the possibilities of freely available applications for processing satellite imagery and develops the EO Browser application as an example.
This research presents the methodology of the iterative route determination process, which takes into account the microrelief in real time. The determination of safe and secure routes is a pivotal element of planning and conducting military operations or various crisis management actions, as well as navigating troops or unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) to reach their destination. This method uses only high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and tractive parameters of a given vehicle to determine the route completely automatically. During the process, the microrelief analysis is performed, which aims to check whether the generated route and its surrounding is passable for a given vehicle. If it occurs that it is not, the algorithm determines new route and works in this manner until the final passable route is found. The conducted research showed that the developed method is able to determine the routes between the start and end point, avoiding all microrelief obstacles. A huge advantage of it is its universality because all parameters used for the computation can be adjusted by the user. The research also shows that their modification influences the performance of the method. The comprehensiveness of the tool makes it applicable to military or crisis management planning operations.
Novel designs and applications of modern UAVs both for military and civilian applications often require complex controllers. To increase the speed of development and to increase safety, model-based controller tuning is crucial. However, to properly identify the model of a UAV with sufficient accuracy, an online measurement system, capturing critical data during the flight is necessary. Application of novel control systems based on artificial intelligence might require even real-time datasets for online improvement of the model. In this paper, such data acquisition is proposed. The system was built on the NI myRIO platform, and it was designed to be compatible with wide-range commercially available sensors. The system is modular and scalable to accommodate a wide range of possible applications in a variety of UAV designs. For purposes of this paper, the functionality was verified by mounting the system to the Yuneec Typhoon hexacopter.
This study was conducted under the 4R-UAV project. The project is funded by the Latvian Council of Science with the goal of creating an innovative, aerodynamically improved, and environmentally friendly UAV. The application of winglets on small-scale UAVs is not very common; however, successful implementation of winglets can improve the aerodynamic performance of even a small-scale UAV. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the application of the three different types of winglets for low-speed small-scale UAVs. Blended, wingtip fence, and raked winglet types were analyzed using CFD, and a comparison was carried out with the baseline wing (without winglets). The results showed that the blended and wingtip fence winglets exhibited better aerodynamic characteristics for the UAV. Conversely, the raked-type winglets exhibited lower aerodynamic efficiency. It was found that the blended winglets were the most suitable for low-speed small-scale UAVs which exhibited a nearly 11% increase in aerodynamic quality compared to the baseline wing.
The article proposes a new algorithm for detecting damaged areas of the tank barrel based on image of the inner surface of the tank barrel. Damage position is calculated using image processing techniques such as edge detection, discrete wavelet transformation and image segmentation for accurate contour detection. The algorithm can detect surface damage in smoothbore and even in rifled tank barrel. The algorithm also calculates volume of the detected damage from the depth map generated for example from the distance measurement unit. The proposed method was tested on data obtained by tank barrel bore explorer, which generate both surface image data and depth map. The Barrel bore explorer device is also discussed in the article.
The continuous track in tracked vehicles is one of the least reliable assemblies as it works under extremely heavy conditions, subject to heavy wear and dynamic stresses. The continuous tracks in tracked vehicles include two main types, track with metal joints and track with metal-rubber joints. In particular, the life as well as the performance of the metal-rubber track is higher than the track with metal joint. Therefore, in the modern tracked vehicles, metal joint tracks have been replaced by metal-rubber tracks. This paper focuses on evaluating the reliability of metal-rubber tracks based on the accelerated testing method. The tests conducted by increasing the tensile force of the continuous track.
Many airports, particularly military and smaller ones, still employ outdated and cumbersome procedures that negatively affect their service processes. This research aims to address this issue by focusing on the inspection and fault observation procedures on the airfield. Specifically, it assesses the current situation in the Czech Republic military and proposes an advanced approach that utilizes Python and Flask frameworks to create a user-friendly online application for monitoring airport service operations. The proposed tool is free and can be tailored to the specific needs of each airport. Furthermore, the research explores the potential for further development of the application to enhance handling services. The paper highlights the significance of maintaining a perfect airport condition and analyzes the current practices for recording inspection results and disseminating information to users and superior units like A TC and pilots, particularly in the Czech Air Force. It also outlines the frequency and content of daily inspections as required by the existing legislation. The research also categorizes inspections based on the regulations of the ACR and defines the requirements for the application, taking into account available commercial solutions and the regulations of the American FAA agency. The proposed application is divided into two main parts, namely inspections and defects, which will streamline and simplify the process of recording inspections, enhance searchability of inspection history and improve air traffic safety by reducing human error in defect logging. In summary, this research provides an advanced and customized solution for monitoring airport service operations, which can enhance the efficiency, safety, and reliability of airport service processes.
The article deals with the fabrication of a patch antenna using 3D printing. PLA material and conductive (copper) spray for coating the conductive parts were used to produce the antenna. The produced antenna has the same parameters as the antenna made from RF/duroid 5880 substrate. The experiment showed that the antenna produced by 3D printing is functional and has good radiation characteristics. In the presented paper, the design, simulation and fabrication of the speckle antenna using two materials (RF/ duroid 5880 and PLA material and surface sprayed with copper spray) are described. The fabricated patch antennas are experimentally tested and their properties are compared.
The paper deals with selected practical problems of evaluating the technical condition of long-term stored equipment, their mechanical devices, and material in conditions such as state reserves of material, equipment of the armed forces, etc. In addition to storage, there is a brief technology an example of the assessment of operability, repairability, and specification pricing, dislocation and period of the usual disproportionately long stored unit (UTD-20 combustion engine for application in special equipment), whose technical condition massively degraded after more than 30 years of storage until it became completely unusable without complete repair.
Users operating older SDH and PDH transport technologies have been forced by new requirements to consolidate their communication environments to today's universal IP environment. They have also been faced with the necessity of operating the original applications designed for a synchronised transmission environment. In practice, we may encounter the challenge of replacing the original environment, which provides the interconnection of a network of older generation of private branch exchanges (PBXs) using PCM El, while maintaining the same level of services provided. In extensive departmental networks this can be extremely expensive, making it necessary to run the original technology for years in some cases in parallel with the new technology. The following article describes a solution to this problem for a TDM PBX network based on Alcatel-Lucent technology.
Nowadays, the understanding of the security agenda today is very different from the past. Current world events are changing the established order. The creation of the security agenda, its continuous improvement should be one of the main goals of every state, organization, and individuals in all areas. The achieving of the agenda objectives is likely to be easier in the internal security environment than in the external security environment. Unfortunately, today we face too many external influences that threaten our assets. It is very important to address the security agenda. The scope of the security agenda must be designed, processed, required, and also managed with the greatest possible degree of integration. The article focuses on the security agenda as a whole and tries to point out the complexities that the security agenda includes.
In this article, the system of dynamic differential equations describing the function of automatic gas-operated weapons taking into account the loss of gas flow in the port hole of the gas chamber, is established. This system of differential equations is solved by the analytical method. The failures of gas flow in the port hole are studied as the angle of inclination of the port hole and the compression of the gas flow in the port hole. The survey results show that: the maximum velocity of the bolt carrier corresponding to the inclination angles of the port holes 90°, 120°, 154°, and 160° are 6.559 m/s, 6.392 m/s, 6.281 m/s, 6.244 m/s. The article's results are an essential theoretical basis for designing gas port equipment for automatic gas-operated guns and cannons.
The paper proposes a method for controlling the propulsion or actuators of unmanned aerial systems based on the utilization of a fractional-order PID controller. The utilization of fractional-order based elements in control systems has the potential to be beneficial for drone control, allowing for better tunability than industry-standard integer-order PIDs. In this paper, a simplified model of a drone actuator consisting of a combination of an electric motor and a propeller is considered. A testbed for the actuator control and measurement of key components was designed. The behaviour of the system was identified and modelled with a transfer function. A speed control regulation is then proposed. The response of the system using a conventional PID controller and a fractional-order PID controller is modelled. Both results are compared and discussed, with the difficulties of real-life applications being put forth.
In this paper, we present a novel statistical approach to assess and model data of water distribution network (WDN) failures which contain only few pieces of information, namely the number of failures in a month. The applied statistical method is known as the circular (directional) statistics. It concerns with angular/cyclical data in degrees or radians. The sample space is typically a circle or a sphere and due to the nature of the circular data, they cannot be analysed with commonly used statistical techniques. Circular data approaches can be adapted to analyse time-of-year data and year cycles. Using the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics for circular data, we show that the WDN failure data show a deviation from the uniform model and cannot be modelled by the parametric models. Therefore, we apply the nonparametric circular kernel density estimates to assess and model the data and predict the expected numbers of failures in the respective months of a year.
This paper examines the feasibility of utilizing Python packages such as pandas, elevation, geopy, suncalc, gdal, and others to conduct quick geographical analyses of terrain for various field tasks. The paper explores the capabilities of these packages to obtain SRTM model data, analyze terrain features, and present results in a clear visual format. The focus of the paper is on the analysis of ad hoc weather stations and terrain features such as elevation ratios, slope, exposure, hillshading, and visibility to cardinal directions. A step-by-step timeline of the entire processing is provided, along with code snippets required for each analysis. Although the paper acknowledges the importance of GIS, it offers a practical, license-free alternative for operational use. The provided code has the potential to be utilized in the development of independent tools that could be incorporated into various operational applications for diverse field tasks.
