Introduction Obesity is a common occurrence in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Typically, the assessment of obesity degree involves the measurement of the visceral fat area (VFA). Nevertheless, evaluating VFA through this method can be costly. Consequently, our study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of physical measurement indexes in precisely measuring VFA, particularly in individuals diagnosed with T2DM. Methods In the period between March 2018 and October 2024, a cohort of 5075 patients was gathered at the Metabolic Management Center (MMC) to investigate the correlation between anthropometric indices and VFA. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for various obesity indices, elucidating their effectiveness in discerning patients with and without visceral obesity. Results Various anthropometric measures, including a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC), were analyzed for comparative purposes. Among these, waist circumference (WC) exhibited the highest AUC value in estimating visceral obesity (VFA) for both male (AUC = 0.881, 95% CI: 0.870–0.893) and female (AUC = 0.891, 95% CI: 0.875–0.907). Conclusions WC is the best in evaluating visceral obesity in patients with T2DM.
AIMS To characterize sex-specific prevalence-normalized mortality and modelled risk-attributable mortality patterns for type 2 diabetes across the 27 European Union member states METHODS: We conducted an ecological analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2023 modelled estimates at two benchmark years, 2011 and 2021. Age-standardized mortality and prevalence rates were combined as a prevalence-normalized mortality ratio. Risk-attributable mortality was normalized to prevalence as a risk-attributable prevalence-normalized mortality index. Approximate intervals assumed independence between numerator and denominator and between sexes; country-level sex comparisons used Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction. RESULTS The unweighted country mean age-standardized mortality rate was higher in 2021 than in 2011, changing from 12.02 to 14.32 per 100,000 in men and from 8.84 to 10.08 per 100,000 in women; the corresponding prevalence means increased from 4,131.6 to 4,660.2 and from 2,875.3 to 3,178.6 per 100,000. Mean prevalence-normalized mortality changed modestly. No country-level sex comparison remained significant after false-discovery-rate correction. Tobacco-related indices were higher in men in all 27 countries and met the FDR criterion in 23 under the independence approximation; no other risk family contained corrected significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Across-country means describe member states rather than the population-weighted European Union. The tobacco-related index was consistently higher in men, a pattern compatible with established sex differences in tobacco exposure. Statistical evidence depends on unverified covariance assumptions. All indices are ecological summaries of modelled rates and must not be interpreted as individual mortality probabilities, causal effects, or evidence of independent sex-specific biological mechanisms.
