Obesity poses significant challenges for those seeking long-term weight loss through diet and exercise alone. Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for chronic weight management in eligible adults. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide for treating obesity in adults without diabetes. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261338170). PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through February 28, 2026. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing semaglutide with placebo in adults without diabetes with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 or ≥ 27 kg/m2 and at least one obesity-related comorbidity. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 Tool, GRADE methodology, RevMan v5.4, and CMA v3 were used for risk-of-bias assessment, certainty-of-evidence assessment, data analyses, and meta-regression analyses respectively. We included 10 RCTs with a total of 7,131 participants. Risk-of-bias was judged at the level of each outcome: all included trials were at low risk-of-bias for the efficacy outcomes and the prespecified safety outcomes, while cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders raised some concerns. Compared to placebo, semaglutide produced significantly greater reductions in percentage change in body weight (WMD -12.29
Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is associated with a substantial burden of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, but the dietary and cardiometabolic characteristics of affected patients remain insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to assess Mediterranean diet adherence, its associated factors, and the sex-specific distribution of cardiometabolic risk factors among patients with premature ASCVD in Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 425 adults with premature ASCVD were recruited from a tertiary cardiovascular referral center in Alborz Province, Iran, using consecutive sampling on two scheduled data-collection days per week. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected using standardized protocols. Mediterranean diet adherence was assessed using a culturally adapted 13-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary adherence patterns from the MEDAS components, and the standardized score of the first principal component was dichotomized at its sample median (0.33) into lower- and higher-adherence groups. Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined according to established clinical criteria, with treated hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia also identified based on relevant medication use. Sex-specific comparisons and multivariable logistic regression were performed. A sensitivity analysis compared participants with extremely premature ASCVD (< 40 years) with those with premature ASCVD (≥ 40 years). Among the 425 participants, 70.1
To explore the connection between atherogenic index of plasma, non-HDL-C, as well as conventional lipid profiles in relation to cognition dysfunction among the diabetic participants aged over 60 years. The data of this cross-sectional research study came from the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program (Phase II) carried on the participants aged 60 and above. The functional status of the participants was assessed using the Functional Assessment Staging tool (FAST) and Category Fluency Test (CFT). After the measurement of lipid parameters, we used multiple logistic regression to analyze their relationship with cognitive impairment (CI) among the participants. There were 836 participants in this cross-sectional study. Of them, 339 had cognitive decline. The average age of the subjects was 68.6 ± 5.7 years. There was no relationship between lipid parameters and cognition dysfunction with the exception of HDL-C. A higher amount of HDL-C had a protective role. While older age (OR = 1.05, 95
Chiglitazar is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pan-agonist with potential metabolic benefits. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed its efficacy and safety versus placebo or active comparators in adults with metabolic disorders. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to August 2026 for studies assessing chiglitazar in adults with metabolic disorders. Outcomes were pooled via random-effects meta-analysis with 95
The relationship between sleep duration and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has garnered increasing attention, yet its specific shape and quantitative characteristics remain poorly defined in populations with disordered glucose metabolism—namely diabetes and prediabetes—who face substantially elevated cardiovascular risk. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020. The study population comprised 7,835 participants with diabetes or prediabetes. Logistic regression was applied to adjust for demographic, behavioural, and metabolic confounders. Smooth curve fitting and segmented threshold effect analyses were further employed to characterise the dose–response relationship in detail. Compared with the reference sleep duration of 7–9 h/day, both short (< 7 h) and long (≥ 9 h) sleep were independently associated with significantly higher odds of CVD, with fully adjusted odds ratios of 1.27 (95
