A parasitological investigation of Baltic cod, caught in the Bornholm Basin, showed that 1.6% were infected by C. lingua (metacercaria) and 22.5% were infected by D. spathaceum (metacercaria). Only the heavily C. lingua infected cod showed discoloured fillets due to metacercariae in the muscle. The highest intensity of infection of D. spathaceum was found in smaller cod, but only minor opaque spots were observed in the infected lenses. The low prevalence of C. lingua is supposed to be a result of the mixing of uninfected eastern cod with some infected western cod. Both cod from the eastern Baltic and part of the cod in the western Baltic are liable to be exposed to infection by D. spathaceum.
The prevalence of Encephalitozoonosis in Danish farmed foxes variated between 3.0% and 73.8% with an average of 19.3%. The prevalence was at little higher in silver foxes than in blue foxes. It seemed, that the titers variated in relation to the sexual period with the maximum value in the oestrus.
Blood was collected from 111 clinically healthy dogs of sight hound breeds for haematological and clinical chemical analyses. The distributions according to age, breed and sex are tabulated. Reference values for haemoglobin were established as 172-240 g/l for adults and 136-217 g/l for growing dogs; the respective packed cell volume values were 50-69% and 41-64%. Ten serum parameters were determined: AP, ALAT, ASAT, GT, CK, urea, cholesterol, creatinine, total protein and albumin. The results are given as means +/- S.D., and a reference value for serum creatinine was established as less than or equal to 165 mumol/l for adults.
The incidence of deficiency of von Willebrand's factor, the cause of von Willebrand's disease, the most common, mild, inherited bleeding disorder of people and animals was documented in a random population of Danish Golden Retrievers. Using a rabbit, anticanine von Willebrand protein antibody and a rocket immunoelectrophoretic technique, 68 dogs were examined. Eighteen percent, 12 dogs, had statistically and significantly (P less than 0.01) low concentrations of the von Willebrand protein and were considered carriers or deficients. These findings in this modest population should raise the clinical index of suspicion concerning this disease and other disease processes associated with it.
Bacillus subtilis has only seldom been associated with pathological conditions in mammals. As the organism is considered to be ubiquitous in the environment, care has to be taken not to put too much emphasis on the pathogenicity of the organism, even in cases where it is isolated in pure culture. Bacillus subtilis was isolated from 17 cases of bovine mastitis in which it was considered to be the etiological factor.
Surgical correction of angular deformities caused by premature closure of the distal ulnar growth plate in dogs. Correction of angular deformities in 14 cases of premature closure of the distal ulnar growth plate is described. Angular deformities were most frequently seen in large breeds during the most active phase of growth at 3-5 months of age. Preoperative axial deviations measured on radius were from 7 to 38 degrees in valgus and 0 to 35 degrees in antecurvation compared with the contralateral leg. According to the kind of treatment, the dogs were divided into two groups: In group I which consisted of cases with sufficient remaining growth potential of the radius, segmental ostectomy of ulna with insertion of an autologous fat graft in the ostectomy diastasis was performed to allow spontaneous correction by asymmetrical epiphyseal growth. In group II reconstructive osteotomy and stable, internal fixation with a plate was accomplished. The cosmetic result was judged as excellent in 10 cases, good in 3 and less favourable in 1. Postoperative follow up time was in average 33 months. On control 43% of the dogs showed no lameness, 57% were slightly lame after exercise or rest. None of the cases turned out to be permanently lame at the end of the follow up investigation.
The rate of decrease shown by mercury levels in brown trout (Salmo trutta) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) collected downstream to a wood pulp factory after a ban on the use of phenyl mercury in the pulp and paper industries was made effective in 1970 has been slow. Even though a river habitat was involved, it seemed to take about 15 years for levels of mercury in downstream fish to fall to those recorded in fish upstream to the wood pulp factory.
There is still uncertainty about the etiology and pathogenesis of abomasal displacement. Changes in total and ionized calcium are considered to be important pieces in the mosaic of causative factors. The present study on pre- and postoperative clinical chemical changes revealed a preoperative reduction in ionized calcium values. The reduction seemed mainly to be due to changes in the pH of blood.
A parasitological investigation of Baltic cod, caught in the Bornholm Basin, showed that 1.6% were infected by C. lingua (metacercaria) and 22.5% were infected by D. spathaceum (metacercaria). Only the heavily C. lingua infected cod showed discoloured fillets due to metacercariae in the muscle. The highest intensity of infection of D. spathaceum was found in smaller cod, but only minor opaque spots were observed in the infected lenses. The low prevalence of C. lingua is supposed to be a result of the mixing of uninfected eastern cod with some infected western cod. Both cod from the eastern Baltic and part of the cod in the western Baltic are liable to be exposed to infection by D. spathaceum.
297 specimens of Baltic cod, caught in the Bornholm Basin, were examined for infection with the acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus gadi. Only two cod were not infected. Negative correlations between the parasite load and the liver index were found, while no clear correlation between the parasite load and the condition factor was observed. Besides a parasitic effect on the liver the food type and ration were suggested as influential factors in the investigation.
In the cat, metastases from primary lung tumors (PLT) to distal bones have been described by Moore & Middleton (differentiated adenocarcinoma) and Pool et al. (squamous cell carcinoma) (16 22). This paper describes the radiological and pathological findings in a cat with metastatic undifferentiated papillary adenocarcinoma. The involvement of the toes was the initial sign leading to veterinary consultation.
It has been studied whether help with the insemination work from a herdsman improves the result of the insemination. Totally 52,716 inseminations performed by 55 insemination technicians and veterinarians are included in the study, 18 per cent of these inseminations were performed without help. The data are analysed by a least squares procedure. The model used included lactation number of the cow (ai), insemination month (mj), the person who performed the insemination (ink), whether he had been helped with the insemination or not (hl) and interaction between ink and hl. As measure of the result of the insemination 60 days non-return percentage was used (total 60 days N.R.-% and 60 days N.R.-% corrected for short returns, zero to three days). There was found no significant effect of help at insemination on either of the 60 days N.R.-%'s studied. However, to encourage good contact between the farmers and the inseminating personnel, it is beneficial that herdsmen are present when cows are inseminated.
Even small teat lesions are significantly associated with subclinical mastitis and the risk of mastitis increases as the lesions approach the teat canal. Analyses show that at least 7% of cases of subclinic mastitis would have been avoided if no teat lesions had occurred in the herd in question. Analyses also indicate that the risk of mastitis in a quarter increases by about 50% across a 10 months follow-up period (equivalent to one lactation period) after the teat has been injured.
