BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia is a widespread disorder that presents therapeutic challenges due to patients' inflated expectations, low treatment compliance associated with inconvenient topical application, and concerns regarding adverse effects. Therefore, investigating the efficacy of non-drug multi-component agents for managing hair loss and stimulating hair growth appears highly relevant. AIM: Evaluation of the efficacy of a corrective and stimulating serum combining a minoxidil derivative and high-concentration niacinamide in women with androgenetic alopecia. METHODS: The study involved 38 female patients who applied the serum daily for 4 months. The outcomes were assessed clinically and using phototrichogram analysis. RESULTS: Upon completion of the treatment course, clinical recovery was observed in 25 patients (65.8%), significant improvement — in 4 (10.5%), and improvement — in 3 (7.9%). No effect was reported in 6 cases (15.8%). The proportion of telogen hair normalized (≤ 10%) in 27 women (71.1%). CONCLUSION: The multi-component serum applied in the study showed high efficacy and good tolerability in the treatment of female androgenetic alopecia. Its ease of use promotes better treatment compliance, allowing this product to be recommended for long-term application in the comprehensive management of this condition.
BACKGROUND: Despite the accumulated data on the significance of clinical indicators for predicting the efficacy of interleukin inhibitor therapy, the findings are contradictory. AIM: To determine the significance of clinical signs as predictors of the efficacy or failure of biologic therapy of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. METHODS: The study enrolled 156 patients with psoriasis vulgaris (L40.0 according to ICD-10). The severity of the disease was assessed using standard clinical indices — PASI and BSA. The clinical efficacy was determined by the percentage of PASI reduction 50/75/90/100: good response (PASI ≥ 75) and low efficacy/poor response (PASI ≤ 50). The findings were statistically analyzed and visualized using RStudio and the R programming language. To identify factors associated with treatment efficacy, three analytical approaches were used: multivariate logistic regression, random forest algorithm, and regularized logistic regression (LASSO). RESULTS: By Week 16, PASI scores ≥ 75 were achieved in 113 patients (72%), insufficient efficacy (PASI ≤ 50) was observed in 43 patients (27%); by Week 26 — in 129 (84%) and 24 (16%), respectively. The highest proportion of patients with insufficient responses was observed in the adalimumab and etanercept groups at Weeks 16 and 26 (46% and 57%; 27% and 25%, respectively). It has been established that the key and most consistent predictor of the efficacy of biologic therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis is body mass index: an increase in this indicator is associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving a good clinical response. Arterial hypertension is also associated with lower treatment efficacy, while a higher HDL level can be considered an additional favorable prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: Consideration of the metabolic and cardiovascular patient characteristics may increase the validity of the choice of biologic therapy in clinical practice.
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare, immune-mediated skin disease that belongs to neutrophilic dermatoses. It typically affects the lower extremities, making isolated involvement of the axillary regions a significant diagnostic challenge. We present a clinical case of a 34-year-old patient with a nine-month history of the disease, manifested by painful ulcerative-erosive eruptions in the axillary areas. At the pre-hospital stage, pyoderma, allergic contact dermatitis, dermatophytosis, and pemphigus vegetans were incorrectly diagnosed, which is confirmed by the lack of therapeutic effect from antibacterial and antimycotic therapy. The diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum was verified based on the characteristic clinical presentation (multiple deep ulcerative defects with undermined edges of a bright red-pink color with a bluish tinge, the bases of the ulcers are covered with a purulent-necrotic scab) and histological examination results. Systemic glucocorticosteroid therapy (prednisolone 85 mg/day) was effective and led to regression of the lesions; however, disease recurrence occurred when the dose was reduced to 35 mg/day. This case underscores the critical importance of early differential diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum in intertriginous zones to prevent iatrogenic complications and the pathergy phenomenon.
BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia is a widespread disorder that presents therapeutic challenges due to patients' inflated expectations, low treatment adherence associated with inconvenient topical application, and concerns regarding adverse effects. Therefore, exploring new non-invasive approaches to managing hair loss and stimulating hair growth has become particularly relevant. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the needle-free JetPeel hydro-dermabrasion technology combined with a serum containing DHQG (dihydroquercetin-glucoside), glycine, zinc chloride, EGCG (epigallocatechin-gallate-glucoside), acetyl tetrapeptide-3, and biochanin A (from red clover extract) in women with androgenetic alopecia in a real-world clinical setting. METHODS: A prospective, uncontrolled, pragmatic study was conducted, blinded to the trichogram assessor. It enrolled 22 women with Ludwig stage I–III androgenetic alopecia. The patients received JetPeel procedures with serum once weekly for 5 weeks, along with daily home application of the serum. The analyzed trichoscopic parameters included the proportion of terminal/vellus hairs, single/double/triple follicular units, hair diameter. Subjective satisfaction and comfort were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale and a Visual Analogue Scale, respectively. RESULTS: After 5 weeks, a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of single follicular units by 20% (p = 0.001) and an increase in the proportion of double units by 11.8% (p = 0.003) were observed. Median satisfaction was 4.5 points (86.4% of patients rated the outcome as 4 or 5). Comfort according to Visual Analogue Scale was 8.9 ± 1.2 out of 10. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The JetPeel technology with complex serum demonstrates early positive trichoscopic changes, high subjective satisfaction, and a favorable safety profile, supporting its recommendation as an additional treatment option for androgenetic alopecia in women.
BACKGROUND: The absence of a unified dermatoscopic terminology in the Russian language limits the descriptive capabilities of dermatoscopic findings, which complicates interdisciplinary interaction and reduces the possibilities for dynamic monitoring of patients with skin and adnexal lesions, primarily neoplasms. In 2016, the International Dermoscopy Society proposed a standardized terminology. Its implementation into everyday clinical practice in the Russian Federation required adaptation and expert validation taking into account linguistic features. AIM: To develop and validate a Russian-language version of the universally accepted dermatoscopic terminology by conducting an expert consensus. METHODS: The study was conducted in the format of a single-stage expert consensus with elements of quantitative agreement assessment (Delphi method). The experts were dermatovenereologists and oncologists with experience in using dermoscopy in clinical practice. A standardized questionnaire based on English terms adopted at the 3rd Consensus Conference of the International Dermoscopy Society (2016) was used for the study. It also included corresponding Russian adapted terms, schematic images of dermatoscopic structures, definitions, histopathological correlations and clinical significance, as well as the "agree", "disagree", and "comments" fields. RESULTS: The study was conducted from December 15, 2025, to February 15, 2026. A total of 67 specialists participated in the expert consensus, including 48 dermatovenerologists (71.6%), 16 oncologists (23.9%), and 3 physicians who reported having both specialties (4.5%). Consensus was defined as agreement of ≥ 70% of experts. A high level of agreement was observed among both oncologists (agreement coefficient 0.84) and dermatovenerologists (0.82). Specialists reporting both specialties demonstrated the highest activity in proposing alternative options (proposal coefficient 0.13). Regarding vascular structures, consensus was reached on all proposed terms with minimal need for adjustments. Alternative terms and comments proposed by experts were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis, identifying linguistic and clinical remarks. CONCLUSION: A terminology in the Russian language has been developed and validated, ensuring unification of the dermatoscopic vocabulary in the Russian Federation. The multidisciplinary approach using the Delphi method enabled achieving high expert consensus on dermatoscopic terms. The obtained results provide a methodological basis for standardizing dermatoscopic diagnosis, developing unified protocols for dermatoscopic examination, and implementing educational programs on dermatoscopy.
Nail dystrophies (onychodystrophies) are non-infectious processes characterized by changes in the structure, surface, color, and consistency of the nail. The wide variety of onychodystrophies is determined by their etiopathogenesis and the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the nail system. Onychodystrophies can occur both as an underlying disease and as clinical manifestations of certain skin and systemic disorders. Striking clinical examples include hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (Hippocratic nails) associated with severe systemic pathology or abnormal nail changes associated with lichen planus, which begin with the appearance of longitudinal grooves and onychorrhexis and subsequently have variable outcomes and prognoses. Many types of onychodystrophies are often nonspecific and cannot serve as pathognomonic signs of a specific disease, which, in turn, negatively impacts differential diagnostic testing and timely diagnosis. Of note is that the time a patient seeks dermatological attention does not always coincide with the onset of onychodystrophies, which directly impacts the assessment of the nail lesion severity. Like any pathological condition, onychodystrophies tend to change over time, which may be due to the duration of the pathological process and/or the action of a trigger factor, its nature, and possible associated conditions. Understanding the development of pathological nail changes can be crucial for clinical assessment and diagnosis of existing changes, selection of patient management strategies, and determining the prognosis and outcome of the disease. This overview examines the clinical presentation of certain types of onychodystrophies depending on their severity, with the transition from one type to another, and discusses possible causes and aspects of the etiopathogenesis of these changes. The authors also attempted to systematize the severity of certain types of onychodystrophies to simplify the clinical assessment of abnormal nail changes and adequately evaluate the outcome of the disease.
Atopic dermatitis is a heterogeneous disease with diverse immunological endotypes. Modern methods of high-resolution molecular analysis (RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, multiomix approaches) have allowed to identify various endotypes of the disease: Th2/ILC2-associated (ILC2 — type 2 innate lymphoid cells, Th — T helpers); Th22-associated; Th17/Th1 mixed; late onset endotype (with low IgE levels); ILC2- dominant endotype; minimally inflammatory endotype. This review provides a detailed analysis of the pathogenesis mechanisms of each endotype, including unique cytokine profiles (IL-4/IL-13/IL-31, IL-22, IL-17/interferon gamma; IL — interleukin), the main cell- mediated mechanisms (resident Th2 cells, ILC2, cytotoxic CD8+ Th22 cells) and their direct effect on the epidermal barrier and neuroimmune interactions. The main focus of the review is justification of the targeted biological therapy (inhibitors of IL-4/IL-13, IL-13, IL-31, JAK-STAT) choice based on the dominant pathway. The strategies for stratifying patients using serum biomarkers (TARC/CCL17, IL-22, IL-17) and the transcriptomic skin profile are considered. Endotype-based therapy personalization may represent a novel approach for management of patients with severe atopic dermatitis and resistance to conventional treatments, which allows to overcome the torpidity to the standard therapy.
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory recurrent dermatosis that significantly reduces the quality of life and is associated with social maladjustment due to its prevalence and chronic recurrent course. Rosacea is considered as a multifactorial disease, pathogenesis of which involves immunological, vascular, and neurogenic mechanisms, as well as psychoemotional condition, lifestyle factors, various external factors, and genetic predisposition. At the same time, recent studies of this disease have identified one key factor integrating all pathogenesis implications into a single pathophysiological process. This review provides current understanding of the key immunological mechanisms of rosacea pathogenesis (deregulation of the TLR2–KLK5–LL-37 pathway, impaired neuroimmune regulation in the skin, and specific features of the local adaptive immune response polarization).
This publication has been prepared following a meeting of the Council of Experts in dermatovenereology, held on February 20, 2026, in Moscow. The Council was attended by leading Russian specialists from relevant university departments and research institutes: professors M.R. Rakhmatulina, L.S. Kruglova, A.N. Lvov, K.N. Monakhov, E.V. Sokolovskiy, O.B. Tamrazova, O.I. Letiaeva, I.L. Shlivko, I.O. Smirnova, M.M. Kokhan, and D.V. Zaslavsky. The primary aim of the meeting was to perform a complex analysis of preclinical and clinical data concerning medical devices (cream, spray, lotion) containing a combination of synthetic tannin and polidocanol. The experts assessed the pharmacological properties of the ingredients and their impact on the key pathogenic aspects of itching in atopic dermatitis, eczema, and contact dermatitis. A detailed consideration was given to the results of clinical trials, including protocols with patients across various age groups (from 1 month to 94 years), in particular special populations: children and adolescents, elderly, pregnant women. Particular attention was given to analyzing the current Clinical Guidelines (2024) and identifying a therapeutic gap in targeted topical antipruritic therapy for patients with various dermatoses. The resolution provides a scientific rationale for the inclusion of products containing a combination of synthetic tannin and polidocanol in the current Clinical Guidelines and proposes specific wordings to supplement the sections concerning topical therapy. The document concludes that the combination of synthetic tannin and polidocanol has a high safety profile and proven efficacy in relieving itching, healing acute inflammatory oozing lesions, boosting the skin barrier, and improving the quality of life in patients with pruritic dermatoses.
The article discusses the application of hydrodermabrasion with needle-free infusion technology in the alopecia therapy as an example of the modern trend towards non-invasive treatment methods. The relevance of this approach is driven by the pursuit of enhanced safety, cost-effectiveness, and patient compliance while maintaining high therapeutic effectiveness. The working principle of JetPeel technique is based on hydroporation — the delivery of medicinal substances into the skin using a high-speed stream of air and solution, which ensures their deep transdermal penetration without tissue damage. This study evaluated the course efficacy of a needle-free infusion procedures of the peptide serum in patients with androgenic and telogenic alopecia. Clinical observations have demonstrated positive changes such as increased number and thickness of terminal hairs, reduced anisothrichosis, and improvement of concomitant seborrheic dermatitis manifestations. These data, consistent with the results of other studies, allow for the conclusion that JetPeel technology is a promising, effective, and comfortable minimally invasive method for the complex therapy of scalp diseases.
Background: Palmoplantar pustular psoriasis (PPPP) is considered a clinically and pathogenetically distinct form of psoriasis; however, its molecular patterns remain insufficiently understood. The role of circulating small non-coding RNA molecules (microRNAs) in the development of phenotypic differences between plaque psoriasis and PPPP has not been fully elucidated. Aim: To evaluate plasma microRNA expression patterns in patients with plaque psoriasis and PPPP and to identify differences between the clinical disease subtypes. Methods: A comparative study including 38 patients with plaque psoriasis and 31 patients with PPPP was conducted. Plasma expression levels of hsa-miR-126-5p, hsa-miR-210-3p, hsa-miR-10b-5p, and hsa-miR-130a-3p were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction with relative expression estimated using the 2−ΔΔCt method. Statistical processing was performed using parametric and non-parametric tests adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results: Patients with PPPP have demonstrated a statistically significant increased expression of hsa-miR-126-5p (p = 0.04) and hsa-miR-210-3p (p = 0.01) compared with plaque psoriasis. The differences in hsa-miR-10b-5p and hsa-miR-130a-3p expression were not statistically significant. Stratification by the PASI score has shown that the expression profile in PPPP was comparable to that observed in more severe forms of plaque psoriasis. Conclusion: The identified changes in microRNA expression indicate molecular differences between the clinical phenotypes of psoriasis. Thus, hsa-miR-126-5p and hsa-miR-210-3p may be considered as potential markers of molecular activity in PPPP and require further investigation.
Background: The dermoscopic characteristics of rare skin diseases have not been studied enough. However, the number of publications related to this topic is increasing every year, which highlights a growing interest among physicians in studying the dermoscopic patterns of patients with rare skin diseases. Aim: To expand the available data on dermoscopic characteristics of rare skin diseases. Methods: Researchers of the Dermatology Department at the FSBI “State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation” conducted a dermoscopic examination of 4 patients with rare dermatological diseases using a HEINE DELTA 20 manual dermatoscope (HEINE Optotechnik, Germany, Registration Certificate РЗН 2014/2033). Results: The dermoscopic patterns in 4 patients with rare skin diseases (scleromyxedema, vegetating mycosis fungoides, ashy dermatosis, and Darier disease) were described. Conclusion: The limited data on dermoscopic patterns of rare skin diseases is related to the small number of patients. The gradual accumulation of knowledge will provide a foundation for future studies focused on searching for pathognomonic dermoscopic signs, which could improve the early diagnosis of rare skin diseases.
This review analyses the mechanism of action and clinical efficacy of a triterpene complex (birch bark extract), the first product for pathogenetic treatment of wounds associated with dystrophic and junctional congenital epidermolysis bullosa. Biologically active components of the triterpene complex affect key stages of the wound process by modulating the inflammatory phase, regulating cytokine and chemokine production, stimulating keratinocyte migration and differentiation, and promoting restoration of dermo-epidermal cohesion. These effects are aimed at correcting the impaired wound healing mechanisms typical for patients with congenital epidermolysis bullosa. The clinical efficacy of the pathogenetic treatment has been demonstrated in the international, randomized, double-blind, phase III trial (EASE), in which the administration of the gel containing the triterpene complex resulted in statistically significant accelerated wound closure, reduced pain severity during dressing changes, and decreased frequency of dressing changes. A favourable safety profile and sustained clinical effect were confirmed in the 24-month open-label study phase as well as in the clinical observations in real-world settings. Thus, the administration of the gel containing the triterpene complex is a pathogenetically justified approach to the treatment of chronic cutaneous wounds in patients with congenital epidermolysis bullosa.
Background: The escalation of military conflicts leads to an increased number of patients with post-traumatic skin defects (PTSD) — scars and traumatic tattooing (TT) — which requires quality of life (QoL) assessment to guide treatment and rehabilitation strategies. Aim: To evaluate QoL in patients with facial PTSD using the World Health Organization universal scale. Methods: An observational comparative study was conducted. Five groups were examined: 1) patients with facial post-traumatic scars (PTS) (n = 34); 2) patients with facial TT (n = 30); 3) patients with combined trauma (PTS + TT) (n = 28); 4) reference group — patients with limb loss without facial involvement (n = 20); 5) control group — practically healthy subjects (n = 20). Upon admission, patients completed the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire comprising 100 questions (WHOQOL-100). Results: Facial PTSD patients have low QoL scores across five domains (physical, psychological, independence, social relationships, environment) compared to healthy subjects (p 0.05). The QoL profile in patients with PTS (Group 1) and combined trauma (Group 3) did not differ from the reference group (subjects with limb loss) across all domains (p 0.05). In TT patients (Group 2), QoL was similar to the reference group in physical, spiritual, and environmental domains (p 0.05); however, the psychological domain QoL was lower in the TT group (13.0 vs 14.0, respectively; p = 0.016); the worst scores for independence and social relationship were in the reference group (18.0 and 17.9 vs 14.1 and 14.9, respectively; p 0.01). Conclusion: Patients with PTSD require treatment and rehabilitation to improve their QoL.
During an interdisciplinary advisory board held in Moscow last year, experts have performed a comprehensive review concerning the problem of diaper dermatitis, the most common condition that somehow worsens the quality of life of individuals using diapers, both in adult patients and infants, including premature newborns. Discussion implicated epidemiologal and etiological issues, as well as approaches to treatment and prevention. Experts have agreed that the basis for both the prevention and treatment of diaper dermatitis is a set of measures called ABCDE, with a special focus on protecting the skin in the area under the diaper using barrier agents (B) containing 5% dexpanthenol as an active ingredient to maintain the epidermal barrier function, moisturize the skin and exert an anti-inflammatory effect. To create a strong semi-exclusive barrier on the skin under the diaper, a dexpanthenol 5% ointment with a 25% lanolin content can be successfully used, as it meets the requirements for an optimal diaper product and is a well-studied effective and safe medication with high preventive and therapeutic potential.
The article describes a 57-year-old female patient with lesions on the scalp, trunk and extremities, who was diagnosed with scleromyxedema (myxedematous lichen) by a dermatovenereologist based on clinical data and histopathological examination of a skin specimen. An immunochemical study of serum proteins revealed an M-gradient in the g3 zone, formed by a Gk clone and amounting to 4.9 g/L. Immunophenotyping of blood cells revealed a population of clonal plasma cells with the CD138+CD38+CD56–CD10–CD117–kappa+ immunophenotype (2.26% of all studied events). Upon further examination by a hematologist, 2% of plasma cells were detected in the myelogram. Immunophenotyping of bone marrow cells by flow cytometry revealed 0.144% of plasma cells from all cells with the aberrant immunophenotype CD38dimCD138+CD319+CD19–CD45+/–CD56+/–CD27+/–CD117–/+CD200+CD20–/+. No criteria for symptomatic multiple myeloma or smoldering myeloma were found. The patient was diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance, with predominant generalized skin involvement, associated with a monoclonal IgG secretion. VRD-based therapy (bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation led to significant improvement. Gk secretion decreased to a trace, the bone marrow was sanitized, and a significant improvement in the patient’s skin condition was noted. The presented case demonstrates the association of scleromyxedema with monoclonal gammopathy and indicates the need for patients with scleromyxedema to be examined by a hematologist.
Porokeratoses constitute a group of rare, clinically and genetically heterogeneous dermatoses characterized by abnormalities in epidermal keratinization due to pathogenic variants in genes involved in the mevalonate metabolic pathway. Treatment of porokeratosis has long been based on ablative procedures and various topical and systemic therapies, which have demonstrated very limited efficacy. The discovery of the metabolic pathway involved in the pathogenesis paved the way for a new class of topical agents, including a combination of statins and cholesterol, which demonstrate better results compared to previous treatment options. We describe a case of a rare linear form of porokeratosis in an adolescent presenting with multiple brown maculopapular lesions measuring 1 to 8 mm in diameter and having a specific structure: mild central atrophy and areas of peripheral hyperkeratosis. The diagnosis was verified histologically and by identifying a pathogenic nucleotide sequence variant at the splice site of intron 1 within the MVD gene (c.70+5GA). The disease therapy with a topical agent based on a combination of a statin and cholesterol was effective. The described clinical case is of considerable value in the context of the differential diagnosis of linear skin lesions, as well as diseases accompanied by impaired keratinization.
Cutaneous protothecosis is a rare opportunistic infection caused by achlorophyllous algae of the Prototheca genus, presenting a diagnostic challenge due to its clinical polymorphism and lack of pathognomonic features. We report a case of cutaneous protothecosis in a 78-year-old female patient with a long history of pruritic skin eruptions and uncontrolled long-term use of topical corticosteroids. During prior evaluation, systemic connective tissue disease and a paraneoplastic etiology of the cutaneous process were excluded. The definitive diagnostic step was a skin biopsy with histopathological examination, which revealed a lichenoid reaction along with productive dermal granulomatous inflammation, raising suspicion of an infectious origin of the dermatosis and prompting additional special stains. Ziehl–Neelsen staining was negative, and no acid-fast mycobacteria were identified. Periodic Acid–Schiff (PAS) staining revealed PAS-positive structures. Culturing of shave-biopsy material on Sabouraud dextrose agar yielded Prototheca wickerhamii, confirming the diagnosis of protothecosis. The patient was started on itraconazole, resulting in gradual regression of skin lesions and improvement of subjective symptoms.
Background. Dermatoscopy has become a typical practice in providing assistance in dermatovenereology, cosmetology and oncological diseases. However, the low level of equipment of medical organizations with dermatoscopes remains. At the same time, the level of knowledge and skills of doctors in matters of dermatoscopy, the quality of relevant educational programs have not been analyzed before. Aims. Conduct an analysis of the ongoing advanced training programs on dermatoscopy and assess the degree of implementation of dermatoscopy in the activities of medical organizations. Methods. The available advanced training programs were analyzed and an anonymous survey of 402 doctors was conducted using a specially developed sociological questionnaire. Results. Despite the variety of options and forms of training, the quality of training remains low, especially for correspondence educational programs. 66.7% and 45.5% of respondents, respectively, received training in dermatoscopy and dermato-oncology. At the same time, about 20% of specialists mastered programs of less than 6 hours. Almost 75% of respondents noted insufficient knowledge for full-fledged work with a dermatoscope (in most cases, this concerns the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms). Almost half of the respondents perform photo fixation during dermatoscopy, but most organizations do not provide for the transfer and storage of images. Conclusion. It is advisable to create a methodological center on dermatoscopy issues based on the Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. It is necessary to develop and implement a standard sample program on dermatoscopy issues in the amount of at least 36 hours. It is necessary to develop a unified protocol for a dermatoscopy report, both a primary dermatoscopy report and a dynamic control protocol. The terminology used in dermatoscopy in Russian requires separate analysis.
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary dermatoses characterized by the formation of blisters on the skin and/or mucous membranes with minimal mechanical exposure. The study of the pathogenesis and development of therapeutic strategies for EB present significant challenges. In this regard, experimental animal models of EB, especially using laboratory mice, are important in modern science. Genetically modified lines reproducing key mutations in the corresponding genes (Krt5, Krt14, Plec, Lama3, Lamb3, Lamc2, Col7a1, etc.) successfully mimic phenotypic manifestations characteristic of human forms of EB and allow us to study the stages of the pathological process development, as well as to study the molecular basis of the disease and initiate the development of new effective methods of treatment. The advent of genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9, which allows targeted mutations in genes of interest, has simplified the disease modeling process. Further improvement of models is necessary for effective translation of experimental data into clinical practice.
