Aim: methotrexate was formulated as Ethosomal gel for enhancing the therapeutic performance and stability to treat cervical cancer via targeting the drug locally through cervical mucosa to avoid the systemic adverse effect of the chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The formulations were produced using phospholipid and cholesterol then evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH and drug release. The optimized ethosome formula then converted to gel. The gel evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity and permeability. Results: The results showed than F8 was the best ethosomal formula with 34nm in size and 92% entrapment efficiency. This formula converted into gel had 1% gelling agent that was optimized ethosomal gel formula and gave better release that ordinary methotrexate gel with same type and percent of gelling agent. Conclusions: The drug was successfully formulated as ethosomal gel for treating cervical cancer topically in order to avoid the systemic exposure for the chemotherapy and its consequence adverse effect.
Aim Background: Laser is an advantageous system that can be used in different medical applications, and one of them is hard tissue handling in operative, periodontal, and maxillofacial. Aims: This study aimed to compare the efficiency of Er, Cr: YSGG laser, and handpiece bur in bone cutting by histological examination. Material and methods Materials and methods: This was an ex vivo study using the bone specimens from the sheep as samples, different ER, CR: YSGG laser parameters will be used (2.5W, 20Hz/4W, 20Hz/6W, 20Hz) versus slow hand piece to make osteotomy. After histopathological processing, the length, width, length-to-width ratio, precision, and carbonization of laser osteotomy will be examined under a light microscope Results Results: ER, CR: YSGG lasers can be considered practical, effective, and easy for bon incisions. The histological results showed high incision quality with the Er, Cr: YSGG laser system, versus slow speed handpiece. The quality of laser incision at 4W, 20HZ is the best among the parameters p<0.001. Conclusions Conclusion: The Er, CR: YSGG laser if used properly with appropriate parameters is very effective alternative device in oral osteotomy.
Aim To study the levels of adrenal hormones and histamine in children with vasomotor rhinitis. Material and methods Hormones secreted by the adrenal glands are active biological regulators of metabolism in the body. Research into the hormonal function of the adrenal glands is of great importance for studying the pathogenesis of certain allergic diseases. Spectrofluorometric blood examination for the presence of 11-OCS (sum total content of hydrocortisone and corticosterone) and histamine, and also examina¬tion of the urine for adrenaline and noradrenaline content were conducted in children suffering from vasomotor rhinitis. Results The results obtained were statistically proces¬ses and considered from the aspect of dependence on the form of vasomotor rhinitis (allergic and nonallergic rhinitis) and age. Apparently healthy children (30) were examined biochemically for control. An increased content of the adrenal gland hor¬mones (11-OCS) was found to be present in the blood of children with vasomotor rhinitis. Histamine content was elevated only in children with an allergic rhinitis. Adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion increased with the advance of age, but was unchanged in rhinitis. Conclusions Consequently, in this disease there was a functional reaction of the adrenal cortex, but no functional changes occurred in the medulla. An increa¬sed histamine content confirmed the allergic nature of the disease.
Aim: To asses the concordance of histological alterations between appendix and colon in patients with chronic slow-transit constipation (STC) and to determine the feasibility of using the appendix as a full-thickness morphological surrogate for personalizing the extent of colectomy. Materials and Methods: A single-center retrospective pathomorphological study included 89 patients with CSTC refractory to conservative therapy after colectomy with appendectomy. Full-thickness histological examination of the colon and appendix was performed using semiquantitative assessment of the mucosal, submucosal, muscular, neuronal, and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) blocks. Immunohistochemical analysis of ICCs was performed using CD117 (c-kit). Histological profiles were categorized into myopathic, Cajal, neuropathic, and histologically intact subtypes. The concordance of histological phenotypes between the appendix and the colon, the correlation of integrated block scores, and the diagnostic efficacy of the appendix were analyzed. Results: Within the distribution of colonic phenotypes, the myopathic variant predominated (51.7%), followed by the Cajal subtype (21.3%), the neuropathic subtype (19.1%), and the histologically intact variant (7.9%). The exact match of the histological subtype between the colon and the appendix was achieved in 98.9% of cases, while the concordance of the dominant phenotype reached 100%. Cohen’s kappa for exact subtype agreement was 0.985, and the weighted kappa was 1.00. The strongest correlations were identified within the ICC block (r = 1.00), the neuronal block (r = 0.96), and the muscular block (r = 0.93) (p < 0.001). For the Cajal subtype, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the appendix were 100%. Conclusions: The appendix demonstrates an exceptionally high concordance with the colonic histological phenotype and can be regarded as a phenotype-predicting, full-thickness morphological surrogate in patients with chronic slow-transit constipation
Aim: The review is designed to synthesize current evidence to magnify understanding and management of Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Dehiscence (PSTD) in implant dentistry. Methodology: A structured narrative review was conducted by systematically searching Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for literature published between 2000 and 2025. Related studies were identified using keywords related to PSTD, with emphasis on etiology, clinical presentation, assessment method classification, and treatment approaches. Results: The review identified various etiological factors contributing to PSTD, including thin keratinized mucosa, poor oral hygiene, and improper implant positioning. The clinical features of PSTD primarily include recession of peri-implant keratinized tissue and mucosal margin with exposure of implant components, negatively affecting aesthetic and potentially leading to peri-implant disease. Accordingly, a range of assessment methods was outlined in the literature, including clinical indices, photographic analysis, and advanced imaging techniques. Notably, current studies emphasize the use of a classification system that considers tissue thickness, recession depth, and tissue quality. Several surgical and non-surgical techniques were also discussed, with soft-tissue grafting emerging as the most effective intervention for correcting PSTD. Conclusion: In implant dentistry, peri-implant soft-tissue dehiscence poses serious biological and aesthetic challenges. Successful care depends on a precise diagnosis made using clinical and imaging techniques, as well as on preventive measures and soft-tissue augmentation. Although connective tissue grafting remains the most predictable strategy, further research is needed to refine categorization schemes and develop less invasive methods to improve patient outcomes and long-term stability.
