Kawasaki disease is a leading cause of pediatric cardiac issues, associated with the risk of coronary artery complications, myocardial infarction, and untreated fatal outcomes. Approximately10
In children with Sydenham chorea (SC), the prevalence of carditis (both clinical and subclinical carditis) is significant. Though SC often appears as an isolated manifestation, echocardiography frequently reveals valvular damage that goes undetected on auscultation. Determine the prevalence and patterns of clinical and subclinical carditis in children with Sydenham’s chorea at Tibebe-Ghion and Adinas General Hospitals. A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of the archived echocardiographic findings of all children (aged 5–15) diagnosed with Sydenham chorea from June 2019 to March 2026 was done between July 8, 2026, and August 7, 2026. A multinomial logistic regression done using SPSS version 27 evaluated the associations between age, sex, and carditis status. Associations were reported as odds ratios with 95
Rwanda’s steep altitude gradient produces large spatial variation in temperature and rainfall over short distances. This analysis describes altitude-associated gradients in child health in two national surveys conducted before and after a large change in malaria, and estimates the share of under-five mortality attributable to household poverty, short birth intervals and the cluster malaria environment. The 2014–15 and 2019–20 Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys were analysed (492 and 500 clusters; 7,558 and 7,796 children under five). Cluster altitude, available in both rounds, was analysed as an altitude-associated gradient, together with modelled temperature and precipitation for both rounds. Outcomes were malaria (rapid diagnostic test), diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, fever, low birthweight, and neonatal, infant and under-five mortality. Weighted generalized estimating equations gave adjusted odds ratios (aOR) per SD, and round×altitude interactions tested differences between surveys. Mortality scenarios used model-based standardisation. Malaria positivity fell from 7.9
To develop and validate a nomogram for early identification of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN) in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and maternal–fetal ABO incompatibility, using routinely available clinical and laboratory parameters. This retrospective study included 344 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and maternal–fetal ABO incompatibility who completed the three neonatal hemolysis tests (2023–2024). ABO incompatibility was defined as a mismatch in the ABO blood group system between the mother and the neonate. They were divided into the ABO-HDN group (positive DAT and/or antibody release test) and the isolated hyperbilirubinemia group (all three tests negative). The isolated hyperbilirubinemia group also had ABO incompatibility but did not develop ABO-HDN, and served as the control group. Cases with positive free antibody test alone were excluded to ensure a gold-standard definition for model derivation. Demographic, perinatal, neonatal complications, maternal prenatal complications, and laboratory data (within 24 h of admission) were collected. Missing data were imputed using MICE. LASSO regression selected predictors, followed by multivariate logistic regression to build the nomogram. Model performance was assessed by ROC curves, calibration curves, Decision curve analysis (DCA), clinical impact curve (CIC), and Bootstrap internal validation (1000 resamples). A total of 344 neonates (154 ABO–HDN, 190 isolated hyperbilirubinemia) were included. LASSO and multivariate logistic regression identified four independent predictors: age at sampling, time of jaundice onset, red blood cell count (RBC), and neonatal blood type (all P < 0.05). The nomogram showed good discrimination (AUC = 0.826, 95
