To examine whether lower adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) and to explore whether the association differs according to sex and body mass index (BMI). This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, single-center study of 194 patients with MACS. Patients were classified into MetS and non-MetS groups, and demographic, tumor-related, hormonal, and metabolic characteristics were compared. Exploratory analyses assessed interactions of ACTH with sex and BMI. ACTH was analyzed primarily as a continuous log₂-transformed variable using logistic regression with a joint likelihood to account for measurements coded as < 5 pg/mL. Unadjusted and age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated. An exploratory supplementary analysis used an ACTH cutoff of 10 pg/mL. Formal interaction tests were performed for sex and BMI. All tests were two-sided, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among 194 patients with MACS, 89 had MetS and 105 did not. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was 66.0
Real-time digital health management may support multifactorial metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the association between clinic follow-up intensity and target attainment remains uncertain. We evaluated metabolic changes within an app-supported care program and examined whether cumulative clinic visit count was associated with target attainment. This retrospective cohort study included 471 adults with T2DM who received app-supported multidisciplinary management between June 2018 and March 2023. Patients were grouped by total clinic visits (2, 3–5, or > 5). Changes in HbA1c, LDL-C, blood pressure, BMI, body weight, and composite target attainment were analyzed. HbA1c, LDL-C, triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and body weight decreased significantly after Bonferroni correction. Compared with the 2-visit group, patients with > 5 visits had a 0.69
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with multiple endocrine and renal complications, including thyroid dysfunction and renal impairment. However, evidence on the coexistence of these conditions and their associated factors among patients with diabetes in Ethiopia, particularly in military referral hospitals, remains limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroid disorders and renal impairment and identify factors associated with these conditions among patients with DM attending the Ethiopian Armed Force Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 3–July 28, 2024 among adult patients with type 1 or type 2 DM attending the diabetic outpatient clinics of the Ethiopian Armed Force Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A census sampling approach was used, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire, clinical record review, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory investigations. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with thyroid disorders and renal impairment. Associations were reported using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95
Thyroid CT value is associated with intrathyroidal iodine content and may provide indirect information about thyroid functional status. However, their changes in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) remain unclear. We compared CT values among surgical controls (SC), Graves’ disease (GD), and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), and identified independent associated factors. This study included 314 patients: 94 GD patients scheduled for radioiodine and 220 surgical patients with pathologically and biochemically confirmed diagnoses (84 HT and 136 SC). Non-contrast CT values were measured by region-of-interest method at 130 kVp. Clinical variables and a composite thyroid function index (CTFI) integrating four THs were analyzed. Thyroid CT values decreased stepwise from SC (106.1 ± 14.2 HU) to HT (93.7 ± 16.8 HU) and GD (61.6 ± 13.6 HU) (all P < 0.001). The reference range for thyroid of SC was 78.31–133.87 HU. In GD, CT values were negatively associated with disease duration, thyroid volume, and iodine early uptake and turnover. Higher CTFI, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TSHRAb) independently correlated with lower CT values in GD. In HT, only TPOAb was independently associated with lower CT values. In SC, higher CTFI, age, and thyroglobulin antibody, and lower TSH, were independently associated with lower CT values. CTFI partially mediated the association of TSHRAb with CT value in GD and showed significant indirect effects for age in GD and sex in SC. The decline in thyroid CT value may reflect underlying thyroid destruction and iodine depletion, supporting its potential as a biomarker of thyroid function. Not applicable.
Cardiometabolic diseases are a growing public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa, where assessment tools remain inaccessible. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a low-cost surrogate for evaluating cardiometabolic risk. This study evaluated the association between the TyG index and cardiometabolic risk factors among the Bamoun adults, a population at high risk of obesity. This cross-sectional analytical study included 408 Bamoun adults, 164 of whom had complete biochemical data allowing TyG calculation. Variables included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Abdominal obesity was defined using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria for Sub-Saharan Africa, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) using a modified IDF-based definition (HDL cholesterol unavailable). Data were analyzed in R, with sensitivity analyses excluding known diabetes and weighting for biochemical data availability. The median TyG index was 8.68 (IQR 8.34–8.96). Women were overrepresented (67.7
