Class imbalance poses a fundamental challenge in medical image classification, where rare pathologies are severely underrepresented in training datasets. This paper presents ADCL-DHNM (Adaptive Dynamic Contrastive Learning with Dynamic Hard Negative Mining), a novel framework that synergistically combines supervised contrastive learning with an adaptive hard negative mining strategy. Our approach introduces a class-aware contrastive loss with dynamic threshold adaptation based on training progress and class distribution, ensuring proportional representation of minority classes during feature learning. We provide theoretical analysis demonstrating that our adaptive threshold mechanism approximates optimal sampling distributions and that the proposed loss function increases gradient contributions from minority classes. Extensive experiments across four benchmark medical imaging datasets (ISIC 2019, ChestX-ray14, HAM10000, and MIMIC-CXR) demonstrate state-of-the-art performance with AUC improvements of 8.2-9.1% over cross-entropy baselines. Rigorous statistical validation (paired t-tests, effect size analysis, bootstrap confidence intervals) confirms the significance of our results (p < 0.001). Comprehensive stress testing under extreme imbalance (up to 1000:1), label noise (up to 30%), and limited data scenarios validates the robustness of our approach.
Aim: This study aimed to explore the prevalence and determinants of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) among undergraduate medical students and compare the findings across physiotherapy, medicine, and pharmacy faculties. Subject and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2023 to February 2024 among 252 female students at Merit University. A structured questionnaire was used, incorporating the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), to evaluate the presence, location, and severity of MSP. Demographic data, body mass index (BMI), and study habits were also collected. Results: The prevalence of MSP was notably high, particularly in the neck and lower back regions. Female students and physiotherapy students in years beyond the first year reported significantly higher rates of pain. A positive correlation was observed between higher BMI, prolonged poor postures during lectures and study sessions, and increased MSP. However, there was no statistically significant difference in MSP prevalence between physiotherapy and other medical students overall. Conclusion: The high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among female medical students calls for further ergonomic research and clinical evaluation. Medical schools should address MSP by improving seating arrangements and educating students on lifestyle modifications for MSP prevention.
Sustainable technology development has become a strategic priority for manufacturing firms undergoing digital transformation and facing increasing environmental pressures. Open innovation (OI), particularly inbound knowledge acquisition, plays a crucial role by enabling organizations to integrate diverse technological, scientific, market-based, and digitally mediated knowledge. However, the effectiveness of inbound OI depends on the firm's ability to absorb, analyse, and apply external information, a capability that is increasingly shaped by artificial intelligence (AI). This study investigates how four dimensions of inbound OI (external technology sourcing, university-industry collaboration, customer and market knowledge acquisition, and digital platform engagement) affect sustainable technology development in Saudi Arabian manufacturing firms, and whether AI capability strengthens these effects. Using data collected from 211 IT managers and IT experts and analysed through Smart PLS 4, the results show that all four inbound OI dimensions significantly enhance sustainable technology development. AI capability moderated the relationship between inbound OI and sustainability outcomes. These findings enrich OI theory by introducing a multidimensional conceptualization and highlight AI capability as a strategic enabler of environmental technological progress. The study offers actionable insights for managers and policymakers seeking to accelerate sustainable industrial transformation.
A major challenge in learning biology (marine biodiversity) is how to convey it contextually and relevantly, and how to utilize it effectively for the lives of the people in this region. One solution is the implementation of the integrated learning model of PjBL and Etnobameti, which is the local wisdom of the Maluku community. Based on the results of the implementation of this learning tool by fifth-semester students of the Biology Education study program, FKIP, Patimura University, the results of the syntax mastery assessment were 70.8% with very good and good criteria, only 29.2% with a score of less than or poor. The assessment of students'critical thinking skills was 87.5% with very good and good criteria, only 12.5% with less criteria. The assessment of students' innovative work (products) was 95.8% with very good criteria and only 4.2% with less criteria. The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between syntax and critical thinking with an R2 value of 0.707, or 70.9% of the syntax of the PjBL and Etnobameti learning integration model correlated with students' critical thinking, and only 29.3% with other factors.The assessment results also show a correlation between syntax and innovative work (products) with correlation values of R2 = 0.438 or 43.8% influenced by syntax while 56.2% is influenced by other factors, especially student knowledge that has been obtained from generations through the Bameti culture which is seen in the form of critical thinking intelligence in recognizing and obtaining various types of marine biota. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that there is an influence of the syntax of the Etnobameti integrated PjBL model on critical thinking intelligence with a df value = 23-22 = 1 with an F value = 53.022 where the significance level is 000, < p 0.05, indicating a significant influence and also a significant influence between the syntax of the PjBL and Etnobameti integration models on = = with an F value = 17,886 with a significance level of 000 < p 0.05, indicating a significant influence between the syntax of the project based learning (PjBL) integration learning model and Etnobameti. The development of students'thinking in understanding the integrated model of project based learning (PjBL) and Etnobameti, as the local wisdom of the Maluku community in the process of learning biology on marine biodiversity material is a form of building intelligent and innovative constructivism of thinking to develop the potential of natural resources for the welfare of society in the future through the biology learning process.
This study explores the socio-cognitive predictors of academic writing proficiency and assesses the impact of a Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) intervention among multilingual senior high school students in the Philippines. Utilizing a convergent mixed-methods design, the study found that socioeconomic status, language proficiency, parental involvement, and access to academic resources significantly predicted writing outcomes (adjusted R2 = 0.46). Pre-intervention assessments revealed persistent challenges in citation, grammatical accuracy, and academic register. Following a six-week SRSD-based intervention, students demonstrated statistically significant gains across all writing domains (p < .001, d = 1.04). Qualitative data indicated enhanced metacognitive awareness and confidence in managing academic discourse. These findings support the efficacy of structured, strategy-focused instruction in mitigating writing inequities in under-resourced ESL settings and affirm SRSD as a viable pedagogical model for fostering writer agency and academic literacy (Harris, 2022; Zhang & Hyland, 2023).
In a variety of educational contexts, flipped classrooms have gained popularity as a pedagogical strategy due to the increased interest in active learning strategies. This meta-analysis investigates the effect of flipped classroom model on writing skills. A comprehensive search of academic databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, and ERIC, was conducted for research published between 2020 and 2023. The analysis focused on studies employing experimental or quasi-experimental designs that met the inclusion criteria for teaching writing through the flipped classroom paradigm. Ultimately, 10 studies were selected, encompassing a total sample size of over 805 students. The findings indicate that the majority of these studies report consistent positive outcomes, thereby supporting the effectiveness of the flipped classroom approach in enhancing writing achievement. This evidence underscores the potential of flipped instruction to foster improved writing skills among students across diverse educational settings.
Introduction The digital revolution has created novel opportunities for the active facilitation of scientific research and the expansion of scholarly communication across national boundaries. The increased velocity and scale of interaction afforded by digital technologies are fostering qualitative transformations in the functioning of scholarly periodicals. The aim of the present study is to examine the sustainability factors of the scientific knowledge dissemination ecosystem, with particular emphasis on the capabilities of the contemporary scholarly journal as a self-improving system. Methodology. The methodological framework integrates systems, network, cluster, and interdisciplinary approaches, complemented by sustainability assessment methods-specifically the Herfindahl index and the Matthew effect-and a bibliometric analysis of the content of a modern scholarly journal over the period 2020-2025. Results. Four groups of sustainability factors are identified and characterized: structural-organizational, communication-network, adaptive-digital, and reputational-metric. The findings indicate that the sustainability of the system is determined by a complex of factors, including openness of scholarly communication, transparency of editorial processes, organizational adaptability, and well-developed network interaction. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the formulation and resolution of the task of identifying the key mechanisms and structural components that constitute the ecosystem of the modern scholarly journal in the digital era, with a specific focus on self-improvement factors. Practical Significance The findings of this article can be applied in the practical activities of specialists involved in developing and implementing ecosystem models in the humanities, as well as for diagnosing the sustainability of scholarly publications
This study utilized a convergent embedded mixed-method design to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and parental mental health among 100 parents (N=100) of children aged six or younger. Using the Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire and NIMHANS Screening Tool for Psychological Problems questionnaire , results revealed a significant positive correlation between authoritative parenting and total distress, and authoritarian parenting and depression. However, parenting styles were poor predictors of mental health outcomes; instead, demographic variables like gender were significant predictors. Significant differences were also noted between mothers and fathers regarding their use of authoritative and authoritarian styles. Qualitative findings from five maternal interviews yielded six themes which emphasised on the distress of the mothers, the reason behind it, its impact on self and others, and the repercussions of the reactions like guilt cycle. , When the quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated, it culminated in an Emotional Regulation Model. This model posits that structural conditions drive emotional dysregulation, which negatively impacts parenting behaviors. This failure to meet parenting ideals triggers a "guilt-repair cycle," ultimately increasing the risk of mental disorders. The study concludes that parental emotional regulation capacity, rather than parenting style alone, is the primary determinant of psychological well-being.
This study evaluates the impact of internships on skill development and curriculum alignment within the Bachelor of Science in Economics program at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines from the perspective of the student interns. Using a quantitative design, 125 student-interns who completed the Summer 2023-2024 internship course were surveyed with a validated questionnaire covering industry readiness, skills application, course relevance, and perceptions of curriculum improvements. Descriptive statistics revealed that most interns (83.2%) experienced purely onsite placements, received orientation on the organizational mission (96.8%) and structure (95.2%), and achieved clear learning outcomes (88.8%). Supervisory support was universal, with 91.2% reporting regular performance evaluations. Interns rated their industry readiness highly (mean = 4.15/5), especially in ethics, teamwork, and adaptability, while scoring lower in entrepreneurial and leadership competencies. Skill application during internships was also strong (mean = 4.30/5), particularly in professionalism, initiative, and time management, whereas leadership and public speaking were less practiced. Core economics and technical writing courses were considered highly relevant, while general education and advanced mathematics were perceived as moderately or slightly relevant to internship tasks. Independent-samples t-tests indicated no significant differences in readiness based on employer type, commute time, or internship duration, but larger HTEs (>= 200 employees) correlated with greater skill application. Interns supported offering the internship during a single regular semester and increasing the 200-hour requirement. Findings suggest curricular revisions to enhance leadership, entrepreneurship, and communication modules, as well as strengthen partnerships with larger host organizations to optimize student learning outcomes.
Socio-emotional learning and career readiness are increasingly recognised as critical components in supporting autistic adolescents during the transition to adulthood. This bibliometric study examined the evolution of research in this field between 2000 and 2025 using data retrieved from the Scopus database and analysed through VOSviewer 1.6.20. A total of 222 records were initially identified, of which 71 relevant articles were retained following the screening and eligibility assessment process based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate a substantial increase in publication output after 2015, reflecting growing scholarly attention toward mental health, emotional regulation, transition-to-work pathways, and psychosocial support for autistic youth. The United States and the United Kingdom emerged as the most influential contributors, demonstrating strong international collaboration networks with researchers across Europe, Australia and selected Asian countries. Source analysis identified leading journals such as the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Autism and Research in Developmental Disabilities as dominant publication outlets shaping the intellectual structure of the field. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed major thematic clusters related to mental health, social participation, transition planning, employment readiness, family support and intervention-based practices. The findings further suggest that the field has evolved from deficit-oriented perspectives toward more ecological and participation-focused approaches to autism transition research. Nevertheless, the literature remains geographically imbalanced, with limited representation from Asian and Global South contexts. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of publication trends, collaborative structures and emerging research themes while highlighting the need for culturally responsive and contextually grounded research to support equitable transition outcomes for autistic adolescents.
College students' mental health has been deteriorating due to a combination of social pressures, developmental transitions, and rising academic demands. Many students refrain from seeking assistance despite the availability of support programs because of stigma, misunderstandings, and ignorance of mental health resources. The possible advantages of all-encompassing mental health programs for college students' wellbeing were investigated in this study. 320 students were recruited from four educational institutions using a multifaceted strategy. Interpersonal skills, emotion control, stress management, and mindfulness were all covered in the eight-week intervention program. Both before and after the intervention, researchers gave the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB). The findings showed that the participants' sense of purpose in life, self-acceptance, and symptoms of depression and anxiety had significantly improved (p <.001). Qualitative responses showed a decrease in stigma around mental health and an increase in awareness. The results imply that organised mental health education helps youth by proactively averting issues and enhancing emotional fortitude and resilience.In order to create more stimulating and healthy learning environments, these findings support the inclusion of comprehensive mental health initiatives in university curricula. The study shows that systematic mental health programming can support academic success and psychological well-being while successfully addressing the increasing mental health issues college students face.
Life Skills Education (LSE) in Namibia falls under the branch of social sciences which is a key learning area for the development of society, the importance of human rights, the mechanisms of globalisation, the importance of human rights, democracy, and environmental issues. This learning area is expected to empower learners with knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to understand the physical world. All schools in Namibia are expected to implement LSE with the aim of making meaning out of life. This article investigated on the perspective of teachers on the implementation of LSE using a qualitative approach. The qualitative data were collected from randomly selected six state schools in Windhoek. Purposive sampling was used to select research participants. Principals, Life Skills (LS) teachers and grade 11 learners formed the sample. Semi-structured interviews were done with principals and LS teachers. Data from learners were collected using focus group interviews. The findings were that high schools in Namibia do implement LSE with reluctance. LS teachers reluctantly use participatory approaches. Learners enjoy the topics in the subject, but many do not attend all lessons since there are no assessments at the end of the instructional phase. Principals and their teachers understand the importance of LSE. Evidence collected showed that teachers implement LSE reluctantly as they are quite aware that it is a non-examinable subject. There is some form of support from other government departments and local authorities occasionally send human personnel to teach learners on different topics. The key recommendations are that schools need special infrastructure reserved for LS teaching. The ministry of higher education should provide more qualified teachers both males and females to improve the implementation of LSE. Most importantly the status of the subject could be changed to apromotional subject, maybe teachers and learners could change their perception.
Keeping the right amount of stock in a modern supply chain is a tricky balancing act. It comes down to making sure products are there when people want them without spending a fortune on warehouse space, all while demand shifts and changes in ways that are hard to pin down. Most places still use old-school reorder point methods. These work fine enough, but they usually bank on everything staying the same, which just isn't how retail works anymore. This research looks into how AI might handle those shifting numbers better by creating dynamic reorder points based on actual retail transaction data. It involved building a specific pipeline to turn messy sales records into clear demand patterns for individual items, then testing out various machine learning models to see if they could actually predict what happens next. Those predictions were then plugged into a system designed to adjust reorder levels on the fly and tested in a simulated environment. The numbers show that machine learning does a much better job of guessing demand than the basic statistical shortcuts people used to rely on. When these models were used to set reorder points, the system got much better at preventing empty shelves and keeping customers happy. But there is a catch. Better service usually meant holding onto more stock, which points to a clear tension between being reliable and being cheap. Looking closer at the data, it became obvious that how long it takes for a shipment to arrive really changes how well these policies work. Plus, even the smartest models struggled when demand went totally off the rails or when weird, one-off transactions popped up. In the end, it seems that using Machine Learning to move reorder points around can actually help a business run better, provided the system is set up thoughtfully. This work offers a clear, repeatable way to link demand guesses with inventory simulations, giving a solid starting point for anyone trying to build better decision tools for supply chains. It also serves as a reminder that a more accurate forecast only matters if it actually leads to a smarter decision on the warehouse floor.
The rapid digital transformation of education significantly reshaped pedagogical practices and institutional strategies, particularly within the context of distance learning. While digital technologies are widely recognized as key drivers of educational innovation, their effectiveness remains dependent on the alignment between technological infrastructure, pedagogical design, and institutional readiness. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of digital technologies in distance learning and to develop a conceptual model for evaluating their impact within digitally transforming educational environments. The research employs an integrative review methodology to synthesize contemporary theoretical and empirical studies on digital transformation in education. The review identifies major thematic directions in recent scholarly discourse, including the transition from digitization to digital transformation, the increasing role of hybrid learning models, and the growing importance of personalized learning environments. Based on the synthesized findings, a conceptual evaluation model was developed by integrating the logic of digital maturity progression with a strategic matrix-based analytical approach. The proposed model distinguishes between digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation as sequential stages of institutional development and maps these stages against indicators of pedagogical effectiveness. This framework enables the identification of developmental trajectories and supports systematic assessment of digital learning environments. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of digital transformation in education and provides practical guidance for institutions seeking to enhance the effectiveness of digital technologies in distance learning. Future research directions include empirical validation of the model across diverse educational contexts.
This work proposes a Convergent PSO-Optimized Heterogeneous Ensemble Framework for Hindi educational text classification, addressing the challenges of high-dimensional embedding spaces and class imbalance in low-resource languages. The framework integrates Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with IndicBERT embeddings, ensuring swarm stability through a metric-geometric formulation that constrains particle dynamics by Lipschitz conditions in the embedding manifold. Moreover, synthetic minority-class samples are generated directly in the embedding space using SMOTE, preserving semantic structure while balancing class distributions. The heterogeneous ensemble combines a Hierarchical Attention Network, a Kernelized SVM, and LightGBM, whose hyperparameters are dynamically optimized by PSO to maximize macro-F1 performance. The proposed method uniquely unites geometric swarm stability, embedding-space augmentation, and ensemble tuning, offering a robust solution for Hindi text classification. Experimental validation demonstrates significant improvements over conventional approaches, particularly in handling imbalanced educational datasets. This work contributes a theoretically grounded and empirically validated framework for low-resource language processing, with potential applications in multilingual educational content analysis.
This study develops a supervisory information system to strengthen oversight of Village Credit Institutions (LPD) in Bali. Weak monitoring practices during and after pandemic have exposed LPDs to persistent fraud risks and financial reporting failures. Using a mixed-method design, the study combines qualitative case evidence with descriptive quantitative analysis to identify supervisory processes, control requirements, and risk indicators. These inputs are translated into a system and control framework. The resulting system-SI CANTIK LPD (Supervisory Information System Model for LPD)-extends the earlier SIPEDAL model by integrating supervisory workflows across the operating cycle and embedding risk mapping and red flags detection mechanisms. The model was piloted at LPD Padang Luwih, Badung, Bali to support the supervision process and internal control effectiveness. Conceptually, the study links supervisory information systems to moral-hazard conditions arising from concentrated authority and limited monitoring while recognizing religious spiritual values as context-specific governance resources in customary financial institutions. The findings provide a structured approach to integrating general and application controls into a supervisory information system. The pilot nature of the implementation limits generalizability and calls for broader multi-site evaluation.
Inclusive education in Indonesia faces complex challenges that require a strategic approach and a thorough understanding. Although many studies have addressed aspects such as teacher attitudes and the role of parents, research that discusses on an inclusive education strategy management remains limited. Using Wheelen et al., (2021)'s framework, this study investigates the teachers and school leaders' perceptions of the inclusive education management strategy in two junior high schools in Bandarlampung, Indonesia. The data for this descriptive qualitative research were obtained through in-depth interviews. The results show five main strategies: 1) environmental scanning, internal and external environmental analysis through a SWOT analysis; 2) formulation of strategies that include vision, mission, and short-medium-long term planning; 3) implementation of strategies through inclusion policies, teacher training, socialization, budget allocation, and motivation for inclusion students; and 4) strategy evaluation through data measurement and analysis, and 5) modification as the feedback to ensure that the implemented strategy remains relevant and effective. These findings suggest that schools develop a comprehensive inclusion management strategy that involves all stakeholders. Teachers are expected to play an active role in creating a collaborative learning environment and supporting the success of inclusive education in a sustainable manner.
Semantic similarity estimation across a pair sentence is one among the major concerns for NLP, and Information retrieval, machine translation, text summarization, and automatic evaluation are just a few of its many uses. While much work has been done in monolingual settings, (STS) cross-lingual semantic textual similarity remains an open issue, particularly when considering low-resource language pairs such as Kannada-English. This research proposes a semantic textual similarity assessment method using a hybrid technique of a brief English and Kannada text sentence pairs by considering lexical, syntactic, and semantic aspects. The approach incorporates word-based similarity measures along with lexical resources and vector-based similarity measures along with word embeddings. Cross-lingual word embedding alignment is done by utilizing VecMap and MUSE. A lexical decomposition approach is used to decompose similar and dissimilar semantic components. Similarity in word order is incorporated to record syntactic structure. Finally, a scoring-level fusion method is employed to generate similarity score. Moreover, CNN model is also applied for better classification results. Efficiency of the model is evaluated based on Samanantar Parallel Corpus, which contains sentence pairs in different languages generated through AI4Bharat.The hybrid method outperforms the standard word-level and embedding-level techniques, as shown in the experimental results. Furthermore, It has been noted that the embedding alignment approach performs better as the size of the bilingual dictionaries, and MUSE outperforms other techniques for large dictionaries. The proposed framework is effective for cross-lingual semantic similarity measurement in low-resource scenarios and can be extended to other multilingual tasks pertaining to NLP such as automatic grading, translation systems in machines, and cross-language IR systems.
This study explores the role of environmental communication in marine conservation through the local wisdom of Kaombo in Wasuemba Village, Buton, Indonesia. Despite growing recognition of community-based conservation, the influence of culturally embedded communication systems on ecological behavior remains underexplored. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, focus group discussions, and document analysis involving 11 key informants selected via snowball sampling. The findings demonstrate that Kaombo functions not only as a traditional regulatory mechanism but also as an environmental communication system, where conservation values are transmitted through symbolic narratives, customary authority, and social practices. The Parabela plays a crucial role in legitimizing and disseminating environmental messages, while community compliance is driven by moral and social norms rather than formal enforcement. However, challenges in intergenerational knowledge transmission persist amid sociocultural change. This study reconceptualizes Kaombo as an integrated environmental communication system and proposes the concept of moral-ecological governance. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating cultural values and local communication practices into sustainable marine conservation strategies.
West Lombok Regency, with its coastal destinations of Sekotong and Senggigi, holds remarkable potential as a sport tourism hub in Indonesia. Yet despite its natural richness, empirical evidence on how participants actually experience and evaluate sport tourism in this region remains scarce. This study aims to assess participant perceptions of sport tourism development quality and its perceived socioeconomic impacts on local communities, as well as to examine whether these two dimensions are meaningfully related. Data were collected from 224 respondents who had confirmed direct experience participating in sport tourism activities in West Lombok. A structured questionnaire was used, covering fifteen indicators organized into two areas: the quality of sport tourism development spanning infrastructure, facilities, accommodation, information access, government support, community involvement, safety, and overall satisfaction and the socioeconomic impacts of sport tourism, including its contributions to environmental awareness, public health, local employment, economic opportunity, and cultural preservation. Findings reveal that participants hold strongly positive views across all aspects of both development and impact. The natural scenic beauty of West Lombok stands out as the destination's most celebrated strength, earning near-universal appreciation among respondents. Participants also broadly agree that sport tourism generates meaningful benefits for local communities, particularly in preserving local culture and fostering environmental stewardship. Notably, a strong relationship was found between development quality and perceived community impact suggesting that improving the sport tourism experience directly translates into greater community benefit. Government support and infrastructure, while still rated positively, emerged as the areas most in need of improvement. This study concludes that West Lombok possesses genuine and significant competitive advantages for sport tourism development, anchored by its exceptional natural environment. To fully realize its potential, the local government is encouraged to prioritize infrastructure development, strengthen community-based planning, establish a regular sport event calendar, and integrate environmental conservation principles into all tourism activities. These steps will not only enhance the visitor experience but also ensure that sport tourism delivers lasting, inclusive benefits for the people of West Lombok.
