This study examines the New York Times coverage of the Soviet intervention and withdrawal from Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989. Changes in coverage are examined in the context of easing tensions between the U.S. and the former Soviet Union. Findings indicate that the treatment of major story elements was consistent with Herman and Chomsky's propaganda framework. However, changes in the tone of coverage may imply a slight weakening in the explanatory power of the propaganda framework as anti-Soviet ideology diminished.
This study used in-home episodic sampling by trained participant observers to analyze viewing behavior in a naturalistic setting. The observers tracked screen activity moment-by-moment, as well as the viewers' responses and activities, which were then transformed by the observers into scripts of the viewing episode. This study analyzed channel changing and other commercial avoidance behaviors. The study found that channel changing is stimulated more by commercials than by programs, and that 90 percent of channel changers click the switch during commercial breaks. The results also lead to serious questions about program and station loyalty.
This study was designed to cross-validate a widely used set of standard credibility scales in an attempt to further understand reliability and validity of credibility research.
This study of court decisions on the right of access to civil discovery materials shows that news media had more access to filed discovery materials than unfiled ones. The legal bases for the right of access to filed discovery materials varied, but the right to unfiled discovery has been far more restricted.
This study analyzed seventy-two issues from May 1989 of thirty-five African-American newspapers. Results showed a lower percentage of advertising from local sources than was found in newspapers that participated in the Inland Press Association's 1989 study of weekly newspapers. The African-American newspapers also had little advertising support from group-owned businesses. Large-circulation African-American newspapers had less advertising linage than did medium-circulation newspapers, which resulted in a smaller newshole for the large-circulation newspapers.
Editors and editorial page editors remain positive about the role of the editorial in today's newspapers. They believe editorial pages provide information, analyses, benchmarks, and public forums to assist readers in making decisions and taking action on issues. This study provides comparative data about editorial page features for similar studies conducted in 1975, 1983, and 1992. In this survey most editors reported increased reader involvement in the editorial page, especially in letters columns.
In December 1837, New York Herald publisher James Gordon Bennett announced to his readers that he had decided to dispatch special correspondents to report on armed uprisings in Canada. His decision constitutes one of the earliest uses of war correspondents by the American press, and it was part of a developing practice to draw on contributors specifically engaged to furnish newspapers with reports from afar. While other papers also sent correspondents to cover the Canadian conflict, the Herald stood out because of the structure and organization of its news gathering efforts.
The press, like many businesses operating in an environment of corporate liberalism, has invited selective government intervention into its circulation practices several times in the twentieth century. These requests seemingly contradict the widely held belief-a cornerstone of the libertarian tradition-that government poses the principal threat to press freedom. This policy history however, shows a cooperative press-government partnership where industry leaders comfortably worked with lawmakers to formulate policy to fight off unfair competition and to reassure advertisers.
