This study examines how family structure and cohesion affect immigrant adolescents' well-being (depression, self-esteem, and academic performance), using data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS), (N = 3,413, Mage = 14.15, SD = 0.83, male 47%, and female 53%). Guided by Family Strength Theory, linear multiple regression analyses revealed that family cohesion served as a key mediator between family structure and well-being, while its moderating effect was limited. Adolescents from intact families reported higher self-esteem and academic performance but also slightly higher depression scores compared to peers from single-parent or blended families. Single-parent and blended family structures were positively associated with depression and negatively associated with academic performance, though associations with self-esteem were weak or nonsignificant. Gender differences were evident that females reported higher depression and slightly lower self-esteem but outperformed males academically. Ethnicity showed small but significant effects, with certain backgrounds linked to slightly higher depression scores, while ethnicity was positively related to self-esteem. Higher parental acculturation was associated with slightly more depression. Mother's education level was negatively related to self-esteem, whereas father's education and parental acculturation were nonsignificant predictors. Both parents' education levels were positively associated with academic achievement, while parental acculturation demonstrated a small but significant negative association. Cette & eacute;tude examine comment la structure familiale et la coh & eacute;sion influencent le bien-& ecirc;tre des adolescents immigrants (d & eacute;pression, estime de soi et performance acad & eacute;mique), en utilisant les donn & eacute;es de l'& eacute;tude longitudinale Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS) (N = 3 413, M & acirc;ge = 14,15, & Eacute;T = 0,83, gar & ccedil;ons 47 %, filles 53 %). Guid & eacute;e par la th & eacute;orie des forces familiales, les analyses de r & eacute;gression lin & eacute;aire multiple ont r & eacute;v & eacute;l & eacute; que la coh & eacute;sion familiale joue un r & ocirc;le cl & eacute; de m & eacute;diateur entre la structure familiale et le bien-& ecirc;tre, tandis que son effet mod & eacute;rateur reste limit & eacute;. Les adolescents issus de familles intactes ont d & eacute;clar & eacute; une estime de soi et des performances acad & eacute;miques plus & eacute;lev & eacute;es, mais & eacute;galement des scores de d & eacute;pression l & eacute;g & egrave;rement sup & eacute;rieurs par rapport & agrave; leurs pairs issus de familles monoparentales ou recompos & eacute;es. Les structures familiales monoparentales et recompos & eacute;es & eacute;taient positivement associ & eacute;es & agrave; la d & eacute;pression et n & eacute;gativement associ & eacute;es & agrave; la performance acad & eacute;mique, avec des liens plus faibles ou non significatifs avec l'estime de soi. Des diff & eacute;rences li & eacute;es au genre & eacute;taient & eacute;videntes: les filles ont rapport & eacute; une d & eacute;pression plus & eacute;lev & eacute;e et une estime de soi l & eacute;g & egrave;rement plus faible, mais ont surpass & eacute; les gar & ccedil;ons sur le plan acad & eacute;mique. L'ethnicit & eacute; a montr & eacute; des effets faibles mais significatifs, certaines origines & eacute;tant li & eacute;es & agrave; des scores de d & eacute;pression l & eacute;g & egrave;rement plus & eacute;lev & eacute;s, tandis que l'ethnicit & eacute; & eacute;tait positivement associ & eacute;e & agrave; l'estime de soi. Une acculturation parentale plus & eacute;lev & eacute;e & eacute;tait associ & eacute;e & agrave; une d & eacute;pression l & eacute;g & egrave;rement plus importante. Le niveau d'& eacute;ducation de la m & egrave;re & eacute;tait n & eacute;gativement li & eacute; & agrave; l'estime de soi, tandis que l'& eacute;ducation du p & egrave;re et l'acculturation parentale n'& eacute;taient pas des pr & eacute;dicteurs significatifs. Les niveaux d'& eacute;ducation des deux parents & eacute;taient positivement associ & eacute;s & agrave; la r & eacute;ussite acad & eacute;mique, tandis que l'acculturation parentale pr & eacute;sentait une association n & eacute;gative faible mais significative.
Mindfulness scientists have developed relationship-specific trait mindfulness measures to assess individuals' inclination to be mindful in intimate partner interactions. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding a robust trait mindfulness measure in couples or romantic relationships. Therefore, this review sought to identify existing relationship-specific mindfulness measures, examine their psychometric strength and limitations, and provide relevant recommendations. Our rigorous search of articles published between 2013 and 2023 yielded ten relevant studies out of 2411. These ten studies included three uni- and four multi-dimensional measures. The unidimensional measures, such as the Relationship Mindfulness Measure (RMM) and Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS), were found to be mostly cited and validated. All four multi-dimensional measures and the Attentive Awareness in Relationships Scale (AAIRS) lack evidence of how closely scores on the measures correlate with behavior as measured. Despite good internal consistency, reliability, and content validity, all four multi-dimensional measures and RMM lack a comprehensive evaluation of measurement properties, including test-retest reliability, measurement error, hypothesis testing, and responsiveness. The findings of this review highlight the need for more empirical studies, particularly in collectivistic cultural settings, to confirm the validity and reliability of the selected instruments and to guide future research in this area. Les chercheurs en pleine conscience ont & eacute;labor & eacute; des mesures sp & eacute;cifiques au contexte relationnel afin d'& eacute;valuer la tendance des individus & agrave; & ecirc;tre attentifs et conscients dans leurs interactions avec un partenaire intime. Toutefois, il n'existe pas encore de consensus sur un instrument robuste permettant de mesurer ce trait de pleine conscience au sein des couples ou des relations amoureuses. Ainsi, cette revue visait & agrave; identifier les outils existants de mesure de la pleine conscience relationnelle, & agrave; examiner leur solidit & eacute; psychom & eacute;trique et leurs limites, et & agrave; formuler des recommandations pertinentes. Notre recherche approfondie, portant sur des articles publi & eacute;s entre 2013 et 2023, a permis d'identifier dix & eacute;tudes pertinentes sur 2411. Ces dix & eacute;tudes comprenaient trois mesures unidimensionnelles et quatre mesures multidimensionnelles. Les mesures unidimensionnelles, telles que le Relationship Mindfulness Measure (RMM) et l'Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (IMS), sont celles qui ont & eacute;t & eacute; le plus souvent cit & eacute;es et valid & eacute;es. Les quatre mesures multidimensionnelles ainsi que l'Attentive Awareness in Relationships Scale (AAIRS) manquent de donn & eacute;es d & eacute;montrant dans quelle mesure les scores obtenus correspondent effectivement aux comportements mesur & eacute;s. Malgr & eacute; une bonne coh & eacute;rence interne, une fiabilit & eacute; et une validit & eacute; de contenu satisfaisantes, les quatre mesures multidimensionnelles et le RMM ne disposent pas d'une & eacute;valuation compl & egrave;te de leurs propri & eacute;t & eacute;s m & eacute;trologiques, notamment en ce qui concerne la fid & eacute;lit & eacute; test-retest, l'erreur de mesure, la v & eacute;rification d'hypoth & egrave;ses et la r & eacute;activit & eacute;. Les r & eacute;sultats de cette revue soulignent la n & eacute;cessit & eacute; de mener davantage d'& eacute;tudes empiriques, en particulier dans des contextes culturels collectivistes, afin de confirmer la validit & eacute; et la fiabilit & eacute; des instruments retenus et d'orienter les recherches futures dans ce domaine.
Given the persistent strong correlation between marriage and fertility in South Korea, this study examined the importance of the timing of marriage and childbirth concerning second childbearing. Using a nationally representative sample of women (N = 7,382) and employing discrete-time hazard modeling, the study found that women who experienced pregnancy before marriage were more likely to have a second child compared to those who conceived after marriage. This association is partially influenced by factors such as women with bridal pregnancies being more likely to marry early, having children at a younger age, or exiting the workforce after marriage. The findings underscore the challenges of balancing work and family responsibilities among women in South Korea and highlight the imperative for socio-institutional reforms aimed at providing better support for women in this regard. & Eacute;tant donn & eacute; la corr & eacute;lation persistante et forte entre le mariage et la fertilit & eacute; en Cor & eacute;e du Sud, cette & eacute;tude examine l'importance du timing du mariage et de la naissance d'enfants en ce qui concerne la naissance d'un second enfant. En utilisant un & eacute;chantillon repr & eacute;sentatif & agrave; l'& eacute;chelle nationale de femmes (N = 7 382) et en employant un mod & egrave;le de risque en temps discret, l'& eacute;tude a r & eacute;v & eacute;l & eacute; que les femmes ayant v & eacute;cu une grossesse avant le mariage & eacute;taient plus susceptibles d'avoir un second enfant par rapport & agrave; celles ayant con & ccedil;u apr & egrave;s le mariage. Cette association est partiellement influenc & eacute;e par des facteurs tels que le fait que les femmes ayant des grossesses avant le mariage sont plus susceptibles de se marier t & ocirc;t, d'avoir des enfants & agrave; un & acirc;ge plus jeune ou de quitter le march & eacute; du travail apr & egrave;s le mariage. Les r & eacute;sultats soulignent les d & eacute;fis li & eacute;s & agrave; l'& eacute;quilibre entre le travail et les responsabilit & eacute;s familiales chez les femmes en Cor & eacute;e du Sud et mettent en lumi & egrave;re l'imp & eacute;ratif de r & eacute;formes socio-institutionnelles visant & agrave; fournir un meilleur soutien aux femmes & agrave; cet & eacute;gard.
While there is an extensive literature on cross-country differences in the labor force participation of parents (especially women) with young children that is primarily focused on structural explanatory factors, relatively little is known about attitudes toward maternal and paternal employment. This study used two waves of the European Social Survey (ESS), (2006/07 and 2018/19) to examine whether and how attitudes toward parents of young children remaining in full-time employment have changed in Spain and Sweden, two countries belonging to different gendered regimes, between the two survey points in time. Societal consensus on maternal full-time employment became more widespread in both countries, although it remained higher in Sweden. Moreover, Swedish society's approval of maternal full-time employment is even higher than that of paternal full-time employment nowadays, but mothers of young children employed full time continue to have lower approval rates than their male counterparts in Spain. Multivariate analyses have shown that differences in approving attitudes by age and educational level have been non-existent between the two waves of the ESS in Sweden, while differences remain significant among certain age groups and social strata in Spain. The study's results indicate that young people, especially young women, are the most supportive of mothers with young children working full time. Better educated women were found to be the most reluctant to approve of men remaining in full-time employment during the early years of their children's lives. These results corroborate that change in favor of a more egalitarian family life model is limited to specific, self-selected innovative groups (such as the youngest and most educated) in countries like Spain, where combining work and parenthood is still perceived as a woman's task, rather than as a social norm for both women and men that needs to be promoted and facilitated by state policies, as is the case in Sweden. De nombreuses & eacute;tudes comparent la participation au march & eacute; du travail des parents de jeunes enfants (notamment celle des femmes) dans diff & eacute;rents pays et la plupart d'entre elles se concentrent sur les facteurs structurels qui expliquent ces diff & eacute;rences. On en sait cependant peu sur la variation entre pays des attitudes sur le travail r & eacute;mun & eacute;r & eacute; des m & egrave;res et des p & egrave;res de jeunes enfants. Cette & eacute;tude utilise deux vagues de l'European Social Survey (ESS), celles de 2006-2007 et celle de 2008-2019, pour examiner si, et comment, les attitudes sur l'emploi & agrave; temps plein des parents de jeunes enfants ont & eacute;volu & eacute; en Espagne et en Su & egrave;de, deux pays qui se distinguent par leur r & eacute;gime de genre, entre les moments des deux vagues. L'emploi & agrave; temps plein des m & egrave;res est devenu plus accept & eacute; dans les deux pays, m & ecirc;me s'il demeurait plus & eacute;lev & eacute; en Su & egrave;de qu'en Espagne. De plus, l'acceptation de l'emploi & agrave; temps plein des m & egrave;res est maintenant plus & eacute;lev & eacute;e que celle des p & egrave;res en Su & egrave;de, alors que le contraire demeure vrai en Espagne. Les analyses multivari & eacute;es montrent que les diff & eacute;rences d'attitudes selon l'& acirc;ge et le niveau d'& eacute;ducation sont inexistantes entre les deux vagues de l'ESS en Su & egrave;de, alors qu'elles demeurent significatives dans certains groupes d'& acirc;ge et certaines strates sociales en Espagne. Nos r & eacute;sultats montrent que l'approbation de l'emploi & agrave; temps plein des m & egrave;res de jeunes enfants est el plus & eacute;lev & eacute;e chez les jeunes, et surtout les jeunes femmes. Les femmes les plus instruites sont les moins susceptibles d'approuver l'emploi & agrave; temps plein des p & egrave;res de jeunes enfants. Ces r & eacute;sultats corroborent l'id & eacute;e que dans un pays comme l'Espagne o & ugrave; combiner l'emploi et le fait d'avoir des enfants est encore per & ccedil;u comme une t & acirc;che f & eacute;minine, l'& eacute;volution vers un mod & egrave;le & eacute;galitaire de la famille se limite & agrave; certains groupes innovateurs (comme les jeunes et les plus instruits), alors qu'en Su & egrave;de, cette combinaison est per & ccedil;ue comme une norme sociale qui vaut pour les hommes comme pour les femmes et est soutenue et encourag & eacute;e par des politiques publiques.
This study examines the mechanisms through which grandparental resources and advantages increase the opportunities of grandchildren to access college, using longitudinal data from Japan. It also focuses on the heterogeneity in the transmission of grandparental advantages by lineage and gender. Although recent studies of social mobility have increasingly recognized the accumulation of inequality across multiple generations, relatively few studies have identified the underlying mechanisms or explored the roles of extended family structures in shaping multigenerational mobility. To advance this line of inquiry, we investigate how grandparental resources and contact are associated with grandchildren's college enrollment in Japan-a context characterized by strong intergenerational ties and mutual support. We draw on two key mechanisms to explain multigenerational social mobility: the contact-based and noncontact-based mechanisms. In addition, we examine variation by grandparents' lineage and gender. Our findings show that contact with paternal grandparents and grandfathers on both sides facilitates the transmission of their advantages to grandchildren, whereas no such pattern is observed for maternal grandmothers. These results underscore the importance of contact with grandfathers and patrilineal lineages in shaping multigenerational mobility in Japan. This contrasts with studies based on U.S. data, which emphasize the role of grandmothers. To deepen our understanding of multigenerational mobility, future research should shed light on how grandparental contact and resources operate across diverse family and societal settings.
Drawing on published secondary data from various sources, this paper explores trends in family formation processes in Africa over the last three decades. Particular focus is placed on fertility, marriage, cohabitation, and union dissolution through divorce. Given the central role occupied by the family institution in the African social organisation, a deeper understanding of these processes is of critical importance as they have implications for the well-being of families as well as for overall societal well-being and cohesion. The findings are consistent with those of previous studies and show that despite being persistently higher than in other world regions and notwithstanding regional and country differences in terms of pace and magnitude, there is a clear downward trend in the levels of fertility in Africa. Another notable aspect of Africa's fertility transition is the concerningly high level of adolescent fertility, which is the highest in the world. In terms of nuptiality trends, the overall findings illuminate trends that point to decreased marriage prevalence as well as increased prevalence of cohabitation and union dissolution through divorce. This paper argues that, contrary to emerging insinuations in the literature, the observed family formation trends do not place Africa in the second demographic transition. Despite this, the implications of the trends for family well-being are noteworthy. Hence, the paper concludes with research and policy recommendations to address these potential implications in the post-2024 era. S'appuyant sur des donn & eacute;es secondaires provenant de diverses sources d & eacute;j & agrave; publi & eacute;es, cet article explore des tendances de formation de la famille en Afrique au cours des trois derni & egrave;res d & eacute;cennies. Une attention particuli & egrave;re est accord & eacute;e & agrave; la fertilit & eacute;, au mariage, a la cohabitation et & agrave; la dissolution des unions conjugales par le divorce. Etant donne le role essentiel de l'institution familiale dans l'organisation sociale africaine, une comprehension approfondie de ces processus rev & ecirc;t une importance cruciale, car ils ont des implications significatives pour le bien-& ecirc;tre des familles et de leurs membres, ainsi que pour le bien-& ecirc;tre et la coh & eacute;sion sociaux dans leur ensemble. Les r & eacute;sultats obtenus sont conformes & agrave; ceux des & eacute;tudes ant & eacute;rieures et indiquent que, malgr & eacute; des niveaux de fertilit & eacute; syst & eacute;matiquement plus & eacute;lev & eacute;s que dans d'autres r & eacute;gions du monde et ind & eacute;pendamment des diff & eacute;rences r & eacute;gionales et nationales en termes de rythme et d'ampleur, il existe une tendance clairement & agrave; la baisse des niveaux de fertilit & eacute; en Afrique. Un autre aspect remarquable de la transition de f & eacute;condit & eacute; en Afrique est le niveau pr & eacute;occupant de f & eacute;condation adolescente, qui est le plus & eacute;lev & eacute; du monde. En ce qui concerne les tendances nuptiales, les r & eacute;sultats globaux mettent en lumi & egrave;re des & eacute;volutions indiquant une diminution de la pr & eacute;valence du mariage, ainsi qu'une augmentation de la cohibition et de la dissolution des unions. L'article soutient que, contrairement aux insinuations & eacute;mergentes dans la litt & eacute;rature, les tendances observ & eacute;es en mati & egrave;re de formation de la famille ne situent pas l'Afrique dans le cadre de la deuxi & egrave;me transition d & eacute;mographique. N & eacute;anmoins, les implications de ces tendances pour le bien-& ecirc;tre familial m & eacute;ritent une attention particuli & egrave;re. Par cons & eacute;quent, l'article conclut en proposant des recommandations de recherche et de politique afin d'aborder ces implications potentielles dans l'& egrave;re post-2024.
This empirical study zeroes in on the effect of family structure on Chinese adolescents' outcomes in the divorce context, an understudied area of research. Data from the second wave of the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) undergoes multiple regression analysis and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to estimate the association between divorced single-parent family structure and children's academic performance and examine its explanatory mechanisms. Results initially reveal a negative relationship between single-father families and children's academic scores. Single-mother families also face disadvantages after controlling child characteristics. Furthermore, the impact of family structure is moderated by grandparental co-residence, demonstrating that children from single-father families benefit more from living with grandparents. Results also suggest the chain mediation of grandparental co-residence and children's peer quality on the association between single-father families and child academic scores. The study highlights the complex role of grandparental co-residence and its influential effects in the interconnection between family and peer groups, advancing the theory of embedding mediation mechanisms into Bronfenbrenner's framework and emphasizing the interactions unfold in the microsystem. Overall, this study encourages parents to take active roles in leveraging grandparental co-residence to enhance peer environments in their children's development, especially in the case of divorced single-father families. It also points out potential variations in single parenthood by the gender of custodial parent for future study. Cette & eacute;tude empirique se concentre sur l'effet de la structure familiale sur les r & eacute;sultats des adolescents chinois dans le contexte du divorce, un domaine de recherche peu & eacute;tudi & eacute;. Les donn & eacute;es de la deuxi & egrave;me vague de l'enqu & ecirc;te sur le panel de l'& eacute;ducation en Chine (CEPS) font l'objet d'une analyse de r & eacute;gression multiple et d'une mod & eacute;lisation par & eacute;quations structurelles (SEM) afin d'estimer l'association entre la structure des familles monoparentales divorc & eacute;es et les r & eacute;sultats scolaires des enfants et d'examiner ses m & eacute;canismes explicatifs. Les r & eacute;sultats r & eacute;v & egrave;lent d'abord une relation n & eacute;gative entre les familles monoparentales et les r & eacute;sultats scolaires des enfants. Les familles monoparentales dirig & eacute;es par une m & egrave;re sont & eacute;galement d & eacute;savantag & eacute;es apr & egrave;s avoir contr & ocirc;l & eacute; les caract & eacute;ristiques de l'enfant. En outre, l'impact de la structure familiale est mod & eacute;r & eacute; par la co-r & eacute;sidence des grands-parents, ce qui montre que les enfants issus de familles monoparentales b & eacute;n & eacute;ficient davantage de la cohabitation avec les grands-parents. Les r & eacute;sultats sugg & egrave;rent & eacute;galement la m & eacute;diation en cha & icirc;ne de la co-r & eacute;sidence des grands-parents et de la qualit & eacute; des pairs des enfants sur l'association entre les familles monoparentales et les r & eacute;sultats scolaires des enfants. L'& eacute;tude met en & eacute;vidence le r & ocirc;le complexe de la co-r & eacute;sidence des grands-parents et ses effets d'influence sur l'interconnexion entre la famille et les groupes de pairs, en faisant progresser la th & eacute;orie de l'int & eacute;gration des m & eacute;canismes de m & eacute;diation dans le cadre de Bronfenbrenner et en mettant l'accent sur les interactions qui se d & eacute;roulent dans le microsyst & egrave;me. Dans l'ensemble, cette & eacute;tude encourage les parents & agrave; jouer un r & ocirc;le actif en tirant parti de la cor & eacute;sidence des grands-parents pour am & eacute;liorer l'environnement des pairs dans le d & eacute;veloppement de leurs enfants, en particulier dans le cas des familles monoparentales paternelles divorc & eacute;es. Elle met & eacute;galement en & eacute;vidence les variations potentielles de la monoparentalit & eacute; en fonction du sexe du parent qui a la garde de l'enfant, qui feront l'objet d'& eacute;tudes ult & eacute;rieures.
This study aims to examine the relationship between wives’ share of income and subsequent fertility across birth parity in Taiwan. Previous studies suggest that wives’ share of income have a negative effect on the likelihood of having a child in Western societies, in terms of the costs associated with childbearing and childcare for women in the labor force. However, in Taiwan, the pervasive ideologies of the familistic welfare model and gendered division of labor signify the meaning of “doing gender” among wives who outearn their husbands, potentially leading to a non-linear relationship between wives’ share of income and subsequent fertility. Further, we investigate whether this relationship varies across birth parity, given the powerful link between formal marriage and childbearing, as well as the improved women’s economic role within households in Taiwan. Using data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) and random-intercept logistic models, our results show a U-shaped relationship between wives’ share of income and subsequent fertility for couples with one child. In contrast, for childless couples or couples with two or more children, there is no significant association between wives’ share of income and subsequent fertility. These findings shed light on the multifaceted effects of wives’ relative economic status, bargaining power and display of gender roles in the decision to have a second child in East Asian societies with the “lowest-low” fertility.
Previous research has argued that gender role attitudes in South Korea appear to be ambiguous. However, these studies are limited by their division of gender role attitudes into traditionalism and egalitarianism, with insufficient exploration of diverse gender role attitudes. Using latent transition analysis, we investigated the spectrum of gender role attitudes based on the Korea Welfare Panel Study data. We identified three groups of gender role attitudes—traditionalism, pro-work conservatism, and flexible egalitarianism. We investigated how the three groups transitioned between 2008 and 2021 and identified the associated factors. The findings indicate that a significant portion of the population supports pro-work conservatism, though this proportion has decreased. We further found that women transition from the traditional group to the pro-work conservative group or remain in the pro-work conservative group. Additionally, age and education were important factors in transitioning to egalitarian gender roles. Gender role attitudes in South Korea have somewhat shifted toward egalitarianism from 2008 to 2021. However, a contradictory stance persists as there is a simultaneous endorsement of traditional roles for women and their participation in paid work, highlighting a focus area.
The impact of parental absence on children remains inconclusive and needs more contextualized research. This analysis examines the impact of parental absence on adolescents’ school performance and whether the impact can be explained by the family environment. The outcome is measured using adolescents’ assessment of their school performance compared with their classmates. The parent-adolescent living arrangement is classified as the adolescents living with both parents, with only the mother, and without the mother. We measure family environment using the family function (APGAR), parental/carer monitoring, and the parent-adolescent relationship. We used data from a household survey conducted in 2021 in Thailand’s three southernmost provinces where migration of young people to Malaysia is common. The sample includes 358 adolescents aged 13–17 years old and currently in school. Findings show significant negative though indirect impacts of maternal absence on the adolescents’ school performance. Also, that the significant impact of maternal absence is mediated by the family environment, particularly family function. Significant evidence of the effect of family environment on adolescents’ academic outcome, net of the parent-adolescent living arrangements particularly parent/carer monitoring, is highlighted.
This research reports on the attitudes towards, experiences, and practices of identity development of transracial adoptive families in South Africa. Identity development is a significant developmental task for everyone. Integrating the many aspects of identity is particularly challenging for adopted children, especially those who are adopted transracially. Being part of a transracial adoptive family does not only impact on adoptees, but it also impacts adoptive parents, non-adopted siblings, and the family-as-a-whole. Identity development is particularly associated with adolescence. However, identity work occurs throughout the life cycle. Exploring identity development using a life cycle approach allows us to understand normal tasks and challenges, without pathologizing these processes. Specific legal, historical and socio-economic circumstances in South Africa, such as the high salience of race in South Africa, and the way race intersects with other socio-economic and cultural features, impact on identity development for transracial adoptive families. A sample of 26 transracial adoptive families was recruited by means of snowball sampling and interviewed in family interviews and focus groups. Data were thematically analyzed, and themes were presented with exemplary quotes from participants. Results show how the many layers of identity, including personal identity, adoptive identity and racial identity of transracial adoptive family members and the family as a whole develop over time and in interconnected ways. Identity development relies on specific communitive practices in the face of both internal and external challenges to legitimacy. Results also show differences in implementation of racial and ethnic socialization strategies, required for racial identity development, compared to international studies. South African adoptive parents tend to emphasize preparation for bias, rather than cultural socialization, which implies that many adoptive parents see the race of their adopted child as a liability, rather than a resource.
This study explored the relationship between filial discrepancy and older adults' overall filial piety rating of their adult children. Along with the prevailing context of individualism, more discrepancies have emerged between what older adults expect and what they actually receive, and this may have a complex influence on intergenerational harmony. In total, 245 older adults (average age 64.6 years, range 55 to 93) provided 422 questionnaires (177 provided two sets of data, one each for their son and daughter). The results showed that, in general, Chinese older adults expected more from and evaluated their sons and daughters-in-law higher in filial piety than their daughters and sons-in-law. On the specific filial piety factor, sons and daughters-in-law were evaluated as less filial, and daughters and sons-in-law as more filial if they had more sons. The more filial behavior received, the higher the older adults rated their children, especially in terms of attitudinal and mannerly filial behaviors, which supported the discrepancy evaluations hypothesis. The gender of adult children and grandchildren is crucial to older adults' filial evaluation, and this study reemphasized the importance of filial piety discrepancies rather than filial receipt. Cette & eacute;tude a explor & eacute; la relation entre la divergence de la pi & eacute;t & eacute; filiale et l'& eacute;valuation globale de la pi & eacute;t & eacute; filiale des personnes & acirc;g & eacute;es & agrave; l'& eacute;gard de leurs enfants adultes. Dans le contexte pr & eacute;dominant de l'individualisme, davantage de divergences ont & eacute;merg & eacute; entre ce que les personnes & acirc;g & eacute;es attendent et ce qu'elles re & ccedil;oivent r & eacute;ellement, et cela peut avoir une influence complexe sur l'harmonie interg & eacute;n & eacute;rationnelle. Au total, 245 personnes & acirc;g & eacute;es (& acirc;ge moyen de 64,6 ans, plage d'& acirc;ge de 55 & agrave; 93 ans) ont fourni 422 questionnaires (177 ont fourni deux s & eacute;ries de donn & eacute;es, une pour leur fils et une pour leur fille respectivement). Sur le facteur sp & eacute;cifique de la pi & eacute;t & eacute; filiale, si les fils et les belles-filles ont plus de petits-fils m & acirc;les, les personnes & acirc;g & eacute;es & eacute;valueront plus faiblement le niveau de pi & eacute;t & eacute; filiale de leurs fils et belles-filles. Cependant, si les filles et les gendres ont plus de petits-fils m & acirc;les du c & ocirc;t & eacute; de leur fille, ils seront consid & eacute;r & eacute;s comme plus pieux. Plus les personnes & acirc;g & eacute;es per & ccedil;oivent de comportements pieux de la part de leurs enfants, plus elles & eacute;valuent haut leurs enfants, en particulier en ce qui concerne les comportements pieux en termes d'attitude et de courtoisie, ce qui appuie l'hypoth & egrave;se d'& eacute;valuation des divergences. Le genre des enfants adultes et des petits-enfants est crucial pour l'& eacute;valuation de la pi & eacute;t & eacute; filiale des personnes & acirc;g & eacute;es. Cette & eacute;tude a de nouveau mis l'accent sur l'importance des divergences de la pi & eacute;t & eacute; filiale plut & ocirc;t que sur celle de la r & eacute;ception de la pi & eacute;t & eacute; filiale.
The introduction chapter provides a framing of the book and a reading of the historiography and contemporary scholarship on gender, generation and custom in South Africa. The chapter raises and navigates the challenges of the changes the present have brought in relation to a recognition of recurrence: that for every generation, struggles with the elders and with the past is new. By bringing together historical accounts with the present, the chapter frames the unique and important way that the volume is considering generational conflict, especially between older and younger women. The chapter argues that given the under-examination of generational relations amongst women and how this shapes custom and power, the volume and South African case goes some way to recentre generation alongside gender as an important site of power specifically within woman-to-woman relations.
Mexican families are shaped by multicultural factors which have significant effects on adolescents' mental health. In this study, we examined the direct effect of family functioning on psychological well-being for Mexican high school students. We also examined the mediating roles of emotion regulation strategies of mindfulness and reappraisal in the relationship between family functioning and psychological well-being. We hypothesized that family functioning would have a positive correlation to psychological well-being; and that this relationship would be mediated by mindfulness and reappraisal as mediators operating not only separately, but also in a serial sequence. The sample consisted of 741 Mexican high school students (55.33% females and 44.67% males). Based on the objective of this research, we found that family functioning was associated with greater mindfulness, which contributed to adolescents' increased use of reappraisal, and in turn experiencing increased psychological well-being. In addition, the serial mediation model revealed that mindfulness and reappraisal separately mediated the influence of family functioning on the psychological well-being of Mexican adolescents. Similarly, family functioning had a significant effect on the adolescents' psychological well-being via the serial mediating effect of mindfulness and reappraisal. Lastly, we identified a direct and significant trajectory from family functioning to psychological well-being of the adolescents who participated in this study suggesting that family functioning is an important protective factor for adolescents. In conclusion, our model confirmed that family functioning was associated with greater mindfulness, which contributed to increased use of the reappraisal strategy, which in turn was related to greater psychological well-being in Mexican adolescents.
Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems is a major systemic theory that aims to define the balanced and extreme psychological patterns of family systems with a multicultural perspective. The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Circumplex Model-based family typology in a collectivistic Eurasian country. Data obtained from 807 college students agreed to participate in the study. Latent profile analysis was performed to examine the validity of the proposed typology, and a series of linear trend analyses were performed to test whether family functioning and psychological outcomes differ significantly across family types in proposed models. Circumplex Model-based family typology emerged with unique profiles, and the analyses produced theoretically extreme but culturally normative typology for the collectivistic Turkish family system. Current findings supported the fundamental hypothesis of the Circumplex Model, in that even families with optimal functionality may not be completely free of unbalanced structural dynamics. Le mod & egrave;le circomplexe des syst & egrave;mes conjugaux et familiaux est une th & eacute;orie syst & eacute;mique majeure qui vise & agrave; d & eacute;finir les mod & egrave;les psychologiques & eacute;quilibr & eacute;s et extr & ecirc;mes du syst & egrave;me familial avec une perspective multiculturelle. L'objectif de cette & eacute;tude & eacute;tait d'examiner la validit & eacute; de la typologie familiale bas & eacute;e sur le mod & egrave;le circomplexe dans un pays eurasien collectiviste. Une analyse du profil latent a & eacute;t & eacute; r & eacute;alis & eacute;e pour examiner la validit & eacute; de la typologie propos & eacute;e, et une s & eacute;rie d'analyses de tendance lin & eacute;aire a & eacute;t & eacute; r & eacute;alis & eacute;e pour tester si le fonctionnement familial et les r & eacute;sultats psychologiques diff & egrave;rent significativement selon les types de famille dans les mod & egrave;les propos & eacute;s. La typologie familiale bas & eacute;e sur le mod & egrave;le circomplexe a & eacute;merg & eacute; avec des profils uniques, et les analyses ont produit une typologie th & eacute;oriquement extr & ecirc;me mais culturellement normative pour le syst & egrave;me familial collectiviste turque. Les r & eacute;sultats actuels soutiennent l'hypoth & egrave;se fondamentale du mod & egrave;le circomplexe selon laquelle m & ecirc;me les familles pr & eacute;sentant une fonctionnalit & eacute; optimale peuvent ne pas & ecirc;tre compl & egrave;tement exemptes de dynamiques structurelles d & eacute;s & eacute;quilibr & eacute;es.
