Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection exhibits substantial regional heterogeneity; however, large-scale data regarding genotype distribution and viral load characteristics in the Taihu region of Suzhou, China remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, genotype spectrum, age-specific infection patterns, and viral load characteristics of HPV infection among women in this region from 2023 to 2025, thereby providing evidence for region-specific prevention and control strategies. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 23,196 women who underwent HPV testing in the Taihu region of Suzhou between January 2023 and December 2025. Cervical exfoliated cell samples were collected, and 21 HPV genotypes were detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Among the 23,196 participants, 3,061 tested positive for HPV, yielding an overall infection rate of 13.20
The global expansion of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), particularly clade 2.3.4.4b H5 viruses, continues to pose a significant zoonotic threat. Although Chinese vaccination-plus-culling strategy has reduced H5- and H7-exposure disease activity, continued viral evolution and reassortment highlight the need for sustained surveillance at the human-environment interface. Environmental samples from live poultry markets (LPMs), slaughterhouses and poultry farms/backyards, together with respiratory specimens from hospitalized patients with pneumonia of unknown etiology (PUE) were collected in three Chinese cities from December 2021 to December 2023. Specimens were tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for influenza A virus (IAV), H5, H7, H9 and H10 subtypes. Positive rates among cities and sampling sites were compared using chi-square tests. Monthly positive rates among environmental sample categories were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and paired monthly rates between 2022 and 2023 using the two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test. H5, H9 and H10 viruses underwent HA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Among 8,335 environmental samples, the overall IAV positive rate was 32.2
BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVN) is an important cause of kidney allograft failure and involves complex immune responses. This study aimed to characterize gene expression changes and immune microenvironment features in BKVN tissues using transcriptomic analysis. Using the public dataset GSE47199, we performed differential expression, functional enrichment, and immune infiltration analyses on renal biopsy samples from patients with BKVN (n = 3) and transplant controls (n = 14), followed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) validation. We identified 2,838 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups. Functional enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of immune- and inflammation-related terms, including “leukocyte proliferation,” “regulation of T cell activation,” and the “NF-kappa B signaling pathway.” Immune checkpoint molecules (CD274/PD-L1, CTLA4, TIGIT), pro-inflammatory factors (IFNG, IL6), and interferon-induced genes (MX1, IFIT2) were significantly upregulated in BKVN tissues (P < 0.05), whereas IRF3 showed an upward trend. CIBERSORT analysis indicated decreased relative proportions of CD8⁺ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). In contrast, IHC showed increased PD-L1 but reduced IRF3 protein expression, while IF demonstrated marked CD8⁺ T-cell infiltration with increased PD-1 expression and partial spatial overlap with CD8.Overall, BKVN was characterized by broad immune activation and inflammatory responses. The discrepancy between reduced relative CD8⁺ T-cell proportions and increased local infiltration may reflect the complexity of the BKVN immune microenvironment. Increased immune checkpoint expression may suggest T-cell exhaustion or local immunosuppression, providing further insight into immune-mediated allograft injury associated with BKV infection and supporting further investigation of local immune dysregulation in BKVN.
Hantavirus is considered as a fatal zoonotic pathogen that can be commonly transmitted from rodents to humans. However, the Andes virus (ANDV), a type of New World hantavirus, can also be transmitted from human to human. It is the cause of the 2026 hantavirus outbreak on a cruise ship. Hantavirus can rapidly progress to a severe respiratory distress, known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Since there is no specific treatment or approved vaccine for hantavirus infection, early diagnosis and critical care support are essential. In cases of HCPS, depending on the severity of the infection, it is important to administer antipyretics, vasopressors, fluid therapy, cardiopulmonary support, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), mechanical ventilation, and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in a timely manner. Currently, there is no approved vaccine in the United States or Europe. However, various vaccine technologies, including inactivated, DNA, mRNA, viral vector and protein-based vaccines, are in the preclinical and clinical phases. Preventive actions, including patient isolation and physical distancing, are crucial to avoiding widespread transmission.
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) remains one of the main primary pathogens involved in bovine respiratory disease in the United Kingdom (UK). It can also cause reproductive disorders and reduce semen quality. Therefore, it is vital to undertake testing to investigate the role of BoAHV-1 in respiratory disease outbreaks, where the disease is termed Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), and for trade purposes to prevent virus spread through semen. In addition, IBR vaccines are widely used across the UK cattle industry to control IBR, making it important to monitor disease occurrence alongside vaccine use. As part of cattle surveillance in England and Wales, a total of 1,040 clinical respiratory samples were tested by qPCR between November 2022 and March 2025, along with seven semen isolates from India. This testing undertaken enabled us to gain an insight into the BoAHV-1 role in the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), its transmission dynamics, and its genetic variability. Fifty-two samples tested positive for BoAHV-1 DNA, representing an overall detection rate of 5
Quzhou City, located in western Zhejiang Province, China, is a critical stopover site on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and has previously reported human cases of avian influenza. However, simultaneous surveillance data across migratory birds, poultry environments, and occupationally exposed populations remain limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) using a One Health approach. From 2023 to 2025, we conducted longitudinal surveillance in Quzhou City. Samples included migratory bird feces and swabs (n = 2020), poultry-associated environmental samples (n = 920), and serum samples from occupationally exposed workers (n = 171). Viral RNA was detected by RT-qPCR, and antibodies were detected by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for AIV positivity. AIV RNA was detected in 1.93
Accurate characterization of human papillomavirus (HPV) integration into the host genome is essential for understanding HPV-driven carcinogenesis. However, most previous integration studies relied on incomplete human reference genomes, potentially obscuring integration events occurring within highly repetitive genomic regions. Here, we reassessed HPV integration landscapes using the first complete telomere-to-telomere (T2T) human reference genome assembly (hs1). We reanalyzed datasets from three independent studies generated using complementary sequencing technologies, including short-read Illumina sequencing, PacBio continuous long reads (CLR), PacBio high-fidelity (HiFi) sequencing, and ultra-long Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Reanalysis using the T2T reference confirmed the majority of previously reported integration breakpoints while identifying numerous additional sites, increasing the total number of detected breakpoints from 446 to 799. Notably, newly detected integrations frequently localized to repeat-rich genomic regions, including centromeric and pericentromeric satellite sequences that were absent from earlier reference assemblies. Importantly, integration events within these regions were detectable not only in long-read datasets but also in short-read sequencing data when analyzed using the complete reference genome. Our findings demonstrate that incomplete reference assemblies have led to systematic underestimation of HPV integration events, particularly within structurally complex genomic regions. These results highlight the importance of adopting complete human genome references for viral integration analyses and suggest that reanalysis of existing datasets may reveal previously overlooked biologically and clinically relevant integration events.
Klebsiella pneumoniae frequently causes hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections, posing a serious threat to human health. Lytic phages can rapidly propagate within host bacterial cells and release progeny phages, ultimately inducing the death of the host bacteria. K. pneumoniae depolymerases are enzymes capable of specifically degrading bacterial surface polysaccharides, thereby disrupting bacterial biofilms, which offers a new approach to the prevention and control of K. pneumoniae. Morphology of phage vB_KpnP_JYSS5 was observed through transmission electron microscopy. The optimal multiplicity of infection, adsorption curve, one-step growth curve, and temperature and pH stability were determined using the double-layer agar plate method. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the DNBSEQ-T7 sequencing platform. The putative depolymerase gene (ORF11) from the phage genome was subjected to prokaryotic expression. The anti-biofilm activity of the phage and the depolymerase was assessed using plate counting, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The effects of depolymerase treatment on macrophage phagocytic function were evaluated using plate counting, ELISA, and flow cytometry. A mouse infection model was established by intraperitoneal injection of K. pneumoniae to assess the efficacy of the depolymerase. Phage vB_KpnP_JYSS5 specifically lyses the K57-type K. pneumoniae strain 21AA3004. It is a lytic phage with a DNA genome of 40,795 bp. The optimum MOI is 0.001. It has an average burst size of approximately 114 PFU/cell. The phage retained its infectivity between 4 °C and 60 °C and at a pH range of 5 to 11. The phage effectively inhibited biofilm formation and degraded pre-existing biofilms of host strain. Encoded by ORF11, Dep11 effectively degraded the capsule, suppressed biofilm formation, and eliminated mature biofilms but also potentiated polymyxin B and gentamicin against bacteria. Dep11 enhanced macrophage phagocytosis. In animal experiments, Dep11 (50 µg) raised the survival rate of infected mice to 70
Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance among B. cereus isolates has highlighted the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Phage therapy has emerged as a promising approach. In this study, a novel lytic bacteriophage targeting B. cereus was isolated and characterized. The stability of the phage was evaluated under different pH levels, temperatures, and salinity. Multiplicity of infection (MOI) and adsorption rate were determined. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to analyze genomic features. Host range and bacterial sensitivity to phage analyses were conducted using B. cereus isolates from food samples and other bacterial species. In addition, anti-biofilm activity of the phage was evaluated and a food challenge test was performed. One hundred isolates were recovered from different food sources. The highest resistance was observed for gentamicin (97
Mycoviruses are widely distributed across fungal taxa, yet their impact on the phenotype and pathogenicity of dermatophytes remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the presence of mycoviruses in clinical isolates of Trichophyton sp. and characterized the phenotypic effects of previously described Terfezia claveryi endornavirus 1 (TcEV1) through heterologous transfection. While most endornaviruses are associated with cryptic infections, our results demonstrate that cross species transmission of TcEV1 significantly alters the physiological profile of T. rubrum. TcEV1-infected isolate exhibited increased radial growth at 30 °C and a significant rise in conidiation capacity. Most importantly, in a murine skin infection model, the virus-infected isolate showed a 2.5-fold increase in fungal load, indicating enhanced in vivo colonization. Furthermore, TcEV1 infection was associated with reduced susceptibility to echinocandins and amphotericin B. These findings provide the first evidence of mycovirus-mediated “enhanced virulence” in T. rubrum, suggesting that viral elements may play a critical role in the severity and treatment resistance of dermatophytosis.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA quantification and hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) detection are recommended in the management of chronic HBV infection. The use of dried blood spots (DBS) collected with fingerstick could improve access to these tests in resource-limited settings, but needs validation in a field setting. DBS samples were collected using fingerstick capillary blood from 143 HBV-infected individuals at Sebeta Health Centre, Ethiopia, covering the total range of quantification from < 2 to > 8 log10 IU/ml. Plasma samples were collected in parallel using standard venipuncture whole blood. The Xpert® HBV viral load assay was used to quantify HBV DNA. HBeAg detection was performed using the Alinity i HBeAg assay. DBS and plasma viral loads were compared using linear regression analysis. Stability studies were performed in 10 DBS samples stored at ambient temperature for up to 24 weeks. HBV DNA was detected in all 89 DBS samples with plasma HBV DNA above the WHO-recommended decision threshold of 3.3 log10 (= 2000) IU/ml. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.90) was observed between plasma and DBS, with a mean difference of 0.23 log10 IU/ml. DBS had 85.7
Limited research has explored the relationships among genetic polymorphisms, viral load, adaptability, persistence, and pathogenicity of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16. Understanding these associations is essential for clarifying HPV16 pathogenic mechanisms and improving prevention, screening, and control strategies. Methods: Female subjects attending three hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq—Al-Alawiyah Hospital, Al-Habibyah Hospital, and Baghdad Teaching Hospital—were enrolled. Exfoliated cervical cell samples were collected. HPV genotyping and viral load quantification were performed using real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the E6 and E7 oncogenes were sequenced using Sanger sequencing. Analyses focused on temporal trends in HPV16 detection, distribution of HPV16 lineages and sublineages (A–D), and E6/E7 sequence variants. Associations between viral lineage, viral load, pathogenicity, and persistence were also evaluated. Results: Of 3,453 samples analyzed, HPV infection was detected in 974 individuals. HPV16 was identified in 162 HPV-positive cases, yielding an overall prevalence of 6.16
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) typically causes self-limited infections in immunocompetent adults. Life-threatening complications such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), meningitis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are exceptionally rare and have not been previously reported to occur concurrently in a single patient. This case highlights the catastrophic potential of EBV and underscores a critical therapeutic dilemma: balancing the need for aggressive immunosuppressive therapy to control life‑threatening HLH against the risk of exacerbating uncontrolled EBV viremia and severe infections in a critically ill patient. A 34-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with a 10-day history of high-grade fever (39.9 °C) and persistent headache. The diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was confirmed by meeting 5 of 8 HLH-2004 criteria in the setting of extreme EBV viremia (1.48 × 10⁸copies/mL), with high EBV DNA load additionally detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in cerebrospinal fluid (239 EBV reads) and lower respiratory tract samples (145,386 EBV reads). Concurrently, EBV meningitis was confirmed by CSF findings (lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein, and hypoglycorrhachia) alongside positive mNGS. She also met the Berlin criteria for ARDS, with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on imaging and a PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio of 200 prior to ICU admission (on low-flow oxygen, consistent with moderate ARDS). Shortly after ICU admission, her oxygenation deteriorated to a PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio of 81 on mechanical ventilation with PEEP of 10 cmH₂O, meeting criteria for severe ARDS. Management was restricted to organ support (mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy), ganciclovir antiviral therapy, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Crucially, guideline-directed immunomodulatory therapy for HLH (e.g., corticosteroids/etoposide per HLH-2004) was not administered due to delayed diagnosis, lack of institutional expertise, and socioeconomic constraints. The patient’s condition deteriorated rapidly, with progression to fatal multi-organ failure and death on hospital day 5 (illness day 15). This case demonstrates that EBV can trigger a fulminant, lethal triad of HLH, meningitis, and ARDS even in immunocompetent hosts, which has not been previously reported in a single patient. It underscores that high-risk EBV-HLH mandates immediate immunomodulation, as antiviral and supportive care alone are catastrophically insufficient. Early recognition and overcoming barriers to administering complex, urgent therapies are essential to improving outcomes.
HNF4α functions as a pivotal transcription factor and master regulator of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), directly binding to the viral promoter to facilitate pre-genomic RNA synthesis. However, its ligand-binding pocket, characterized by a lengthy and shallow hydrophobic groove occupied by endogenous fatty acids, hinders the binding of conventional small-molecule inhibitors. We employed a “degradation-over-inhibition” strategy to screen for compounds capable of eliminating HNF4α. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a prominent polyphenol in green tea, emerged as a selective inducer of HNF4α degradation. Mechanistic studies were performed in HBV-replicating cells to elucidate the signaling cascade activated by EGCG. EGCG treatment resulted in the down-regulation of glutathione peroxidase 4, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of AMPK, and site-specific phosphorylation of HNF4α. This phosphorylation targeted HNF4α for ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation, significantly suppressing HBV replication. Our findings reveal a phosphorylation-driven degradation pathway that effectively eliminates HNF4α, thereby inhibiting HBV. This strategy not only presents a novel antiviral approach but also offers a general framework for addressing “undruggable” transcription factors with shallow binding pockets that resist traditional small-molecule inhibitors.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) considers as one of the extremely infectious diseases with major economic impact on cloven-hoofed animals globally. The causative agent of the disease, Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), comprises seven serotypes designated as; O, A, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, C, and Asia1. Over the past decades, studies have shown that glycyrrhizic acid, the primary bioactive compound of licorice root, and chitosan, as a biodegradable and biocompatible natural polymer derived from crustacean shells, are potent candidates for inhibition of FMDV activity. The current work evaluated the potential antiviral efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid nanoparticles (GA-NPs) and chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs) against different FMDV serotypes through computational (molecular docking), in vitro and in vivo assays. The study included the use of field isolates from local FMD viral outbreaks (O PanAsia-2, A Iran 05, A Africa 2020, A Africa G IV Egypt 2022, A Venezuela, and SAT2/EGY/2012); Glycyrrhizic acid and chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and characterized; antiviral activity was assessed by molecular docking analysis, BHK-21 cell assays, and experimental animal studies using representative FMDV serotypes. Molecular docking showed that GA-NPs exhibited stronger binding affinity toward the FMDV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3Dpol) with binding energies of -8.974 kcal/mol while Ch-NPs demonstrated superior binding affinity toward the FMDV VP3 protein with binding energies of -7.173 kcal/mol, respectively. At a concentration of 2 × 10− 1 mg/ml, both nanoparticles significantly suppressed viral replication, yielding a reduction in viral titers 8, 7.5, 7, 7, 7.5, and 6.5 log₁₀ TCID₅₀/ml for O PanAsia-2, A Iran 05, A Africa 2020, A Africa G IV Egypt 2022, A Venezuela, and SAT2/EGY/2012, respectively which can aid in the disease restriction during outbreaks. Otherwise, at 2 × 10− 2 mg/ml, treatment markedly reduced viral dissemination in treated guinea pigs, providing protection rates of 66.7
The ongoing emergence of zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs) and the rapid evolution of viral variants underscore the need for broadly active antiviral agents. The relatively conserved S2 subunit of the coronavirus spike protein is an attractive target for developing pan-coronavirus therapeutics. Fully human single-chain antibody variable fragments (HuscFvs) targeting the S2 subunit were generated by phage display. Candidate antibodies were evaluated against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and representative Alpha-, Gamma-, and Delta-coronaviruses, including human coronavirus 229E, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and porcine deltacoronavirus. Antiviral activity and mechanism of action were investigated in TMPRSS2-negative cells. A SARS-CoV-2 spike-mediated cell–cell fusion assay was used to assess fusion inhibition. Antibody–epitope interactions were characterized using mimotope-based epitope mapping, comparative sequence analysis, AlphaFold-based co-folding, and molecular dynamics simulations. HuscFv39 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against multiple tested SARS-CoV-2 variants and cross-neutralizing activity against representative coronaviruses from all four coronavirus genera. In TMPRSS2-negative cells, HuscFv39 restricted viral infection to late endosomal compartments, thereby limiting subsequent cytoplasmic replication. HuscFv39 also significantly inhibited spike-mediated membrane fusion, supporting a fusion-interference mechanism. Structural and computational analyses identified a previously uncharacterized conformational epitope spanning conserved regions of the S1/S2 junction, S2′ cleavage site, fusion peptide/intermediate fusion peptide, and heptad repeat 1 (HR1). Recognition of this conserved structural epitope may contribute to the broad antiviral activity observed across genetically diverse coronaviruses. HuscFv39 is a fully human, Fc-free antibody fragment with broad anti-coronavirus activity. Targeting a conserved structural epitope within the S2 subunit highlights a promising strategy for developing broadly active coronavirus therapeutics and supports further evaluation against additional human and emerging coronaviruses.
Depression has been associated with increased susceptibility to influenza; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the causal relationship between depression and influenza. Differential expression genes (DEGs) analyses were performed using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets related to influenza A virus (IAV) infection and depression. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were employed to explore underlying mechanisms and identify hub genes involved in depression combined with IAV infection. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve validation and external datasets were conducted to validate the key gene. Immune infiltration and correlation analyses, together with single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing and virtual knockout (KO) simulation, were used to investigate altered immune cells and their associations with the key gene. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to screen potential compounds targeting the key gene. Finally, in vitro experiments using IAV-infected Jurkat T cells further validated the roles of the key gene and candidate compound. MR analysis indicated that depression exerts a detrimental causal effect on influenza susceptibility. 24 overlapping DEGs and 13 hub genes were identified through DEG analysis. PPI, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed these genes were mainly enriched in immune and inflammatory pathways. IL7R was identified as a key gene and was positively correlated with multiple T-cell subsets while negatively correlated with macrophages, as determined by ROC curve analysis, external validation datasets, and immune infiltration analysis. scRNA-seq analysis demonstrated that IAV infection reduced CD4 + and CD8 + T cells infiltration while increasing macrophage-like monocytes abundance and significantly downregulating IL7R expression, particularly in CD4 + T cells. Virtual KO of IL7R led to the upregulation of MT-CYB and MT-CO1 in CD4 + T cells. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that sanguinarine exhibited the strongest binding affinity for IL7R and maintained stable interaction. In vitro experiments further confirmed that sanguinarine reversed IAV-induced downregulation of IL7R and reduced viral replication. IL7R may serve as a potential therapeutic target, and sanguinarine represents a promising candidate for the treatment of depression combined with IAV infection through immune modulation.
Glioblastoma is among the most lethal primary brain tumors, and the development of oncolytic viruses has been hampered by the lack of molecular cues that guide virus design and help identify tumors likely to respond. Methods: We engineered a tBID-armed oncolytic adenovirus derived from adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), designated KD01, by modifying the E3 region to express a humanized tBID fragment. KD01 activity was evaluated in human and murine glioma cell lines using CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, and JC-1 staining with empty-backbone virus M20 as control. Global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses delineated signaling programs altered after infection. The functional relevance of CDCA8 was tested in glioma models with stable CDCA8 overexpression or knockdown. Antitumor efficacy was further examined in an immunocompetent CT2A orthotopic model, and intracranial safety was assessed in Syrian golden hamsters. Results: KD01 consistently induced stronger cytotoxicity than M20 and was associated with BID/tBID-BAX-BAK apoptotic signaling. Multi-omics analyses showed induction of pro-apoptotic programs together with suppression of CREB1 and the mitotic regulator CDCA8, affecting pathways involved in cell-cycle regulation, chromosome segregation, and oncogenic signaling. In glioblastoma datasets, CDCA8 was upregulated and inversely correlated with BID, although baseline CDCA8 expression did not independently stratify TCGA GBM survival. In vivo, CDCA8 knockdown enhanced, whereas overexpression blunted, KD01 efficacy. KD01 also reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival in CT2A-bearing mice and was well tolerated intracranially in hamsters. Conclusions: KD01 exerts potent anti-glioma activity with a favorable preliminary safety profile and is associated with suppression of a CREB1/CDCA8-linked proliferative program. These findings support CDCA8 as a functional determinant of KD01 responsiveness and an exploratory candidate response biomarker that requires validation in larger patient-derived model panels.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection and is the principal cause of cervical cancer. Despite several regional reports from Iran, comprehensive and updated data on HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among women in Isfahan, central Iran, remain limited. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV infection and HPV types in the recordings of women referred for genital HPV screening to a Medical Laboratory in Isfahan, central Iran. In this retrospective study, HPV PCR and genotyping results of 4,973 women and their available demographic data screened between 2015 and 2024 at a referral laboratory in Isfahan were collected, analyzed and reported. Of 4,973 women screened, 819 (16.5
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) serostatus disclosure to sexual partners is essential for effective HIV management among women of reproductive age. However, nationally representative evidence from Lesotho is lacking. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with HIV serostatus disclosure using the Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) (2023–2024). The study used the most recent Lesotho DHS 2023–2024 dataset. Data were analyzed using STATA version 18, and a logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with p < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were included in the multivariable model, and those with p < 0.05 were considered significantly associated with HIV serostatus disclosure. The prevalence of HIV serostatus disclosure was 60.7
