The article highlights contradictions between early Soviet ideology promoted by the Center and regional medical practices. While health care leaders (N. A. Semashko and Z. P. Solovyov in particular) affirmed radical rupture with traditional medical approaches and denounced “curative deviation” as bourgeois survival, M. V. Michurin, head of Health Department of the Ussuri Railway, adhered to established therapeutic guidelines. The historical analysis of perspective of particular physician reveals structural problems of the Soviet system that in macro-historical studies are not fixed. The obtained observations substantiate hypothesis of newest studies about uneven Sovietization of peripheral regions, by virtue of which unexpected adaptations and resistance to capital directives were possible.
The National project “The Family”, launched in 2025, is directed not only to expand support measures supporting families with children but also to consolidate family values. Thereupon, regional analysis of value attitudes of population determining potential of family and demographic policy acquires special significance. The purpose of the study is to identify key value orientations of Sevastopol residents and to determine which ones are most significant for practical implementation of National project “The Family”. The primary material to be analyzed were results of questionnaire survey of 436 Sevastopol residents of reproductive age having children, carried out in June-July 2025. The descriptive statistics, mean-score ranking and non-parametric comparative analysis were applied. It is demonstrated that normative image of happy family among Sevastopol residents is associated primarily with trust between spouses (4.69 points), mutual understanding between spouses (4.49), material well-being (4.35), and respective attitude to elderly members of family (4.24). The lowest scores were given to co-residence with the elderly generation (2.00) and to notion about children as unconditional sign of happy family (2.96). In the system of life goals, leading positions belong to good own housing (4.78), health (4.73), material well-being of family (4.69), and good education of children (4.66). With positive attitude to large families (4.14), attitudes to three children are expressed weaker than symbolic approval of possession of many children and desired number of children exceeds the planned one. The most demanded National project measures are assistance in acquisition of housing, material support and consultative medical services. The The conclusion is made about necessity to combine value advancement of family with practical decreasing of housing, financial and informational barriers.
The key link in line-up of export supply of coal is cargo terminals supported by operators directly contacting dangerous load. Therefore, comprehensive analysis of crisis cycles and adaptive potential of coal industry would be incomplete without thorough assessment of its key asset, human resources. Despite active technological modernization, industry continues to be one of the most labor-intensive and socially significant one in extractive sector of economy. Tens of thousands of workers employed both in mining and at critical stages of coal transportation, transshipment and processing are exposed daily to specific production factors. The production processes in coal industry are associated with complex of occupational risks leading to long-term negative consequences for health of personnel. In the context of increase of export flows, the main type of transport for which is by sea, maximal load lays exactly on operators of transshipment terminals. They are exposed to harmful factors, dominated by coal dust. Its systematic inhalation in high concentrations is direct cause of development of severe occupational pathology of respiratory system such as pneumoconiosis and chronic dust bronchitis. The specific nosological form depends on chemical and mineralogical composition of inhaled aerosols. Thus, the most important indicator that is to be strictly controlled to ensure occupational safety at coal terminals is the maximum permissible concentration of dust in air of working area. This fundamental standard should not lead to development of diseases or other deviations in health status of employees under established length of working hours during entire length of service. The implementation and continuous application of modern highly efficient chemical dust suppression agents is to be considered as one of priority and mandatory technological tasks for transshipment complexes.
The article presents the results of large-scale retrospective epidemiological study (n=259,388 patients) carried out in the N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health. The purpose of the study is to assess direction and strength of comorbid relationships of arterial hypertension (AH) using the original method of counter differentiation. This method permits to separately analyze afferent (influence of other diseases on risk of developing AH) and efferent (influence of AH on risk of development of other diseases) associations in various age groups ranging from 10 to 90 years and older.It is established that AH almost never occurs in isolation since statistically highly significant associations (p
The current trends in demographic processes in Russia — absence of natality increase, population aging, diminution of the number of citizens of reproductive age — bring to the forefront problems of increasing natality and preserving reproductive potential of population. The infertility is one of the most sensitive issues both in the Russian Federation and around the world. Currently, assisted reproductive technologies are one of the most effective methods to overcome infertility.The purpose of the study is to investigate prevalence of methods of assisted reproductive technologies and their efficiency in overcoming infertility in the Russian Federation in 2019–2024.The forms of the Federal statistical observation № 12, 14, 30, 32 were studied. The dynamic series indicators (visual indicators, growth rates, rates of increase/decrease) were calculated. The method of direct ranking and descriptive statistics was applied.The study established decreasing of the number of women and men with registered infertility. The trend of increasing the number of IVF programs by the end of 2024 was noted. The effectiveness of IVF programs is also increasing. The heterogeneity of indicators of prevalence of IVF programs in the Subjects of the Russian Federation is noted.The identified positive dynamics in the number of IVF programs and their efficiency can become additional reserve for natality increasing. However, heterogeneity of indicators of prevalence of ART methods in the Subjects of the Russian Federation may testify necessity of adoption of organizational decisions with purpose to increase accessibility and quality of medical care for patients with infertility.
