The article, on the basis of analysis of declassified archival documents and published sources, reveals the circumstances of identification of the strain that served as producer of the first National preparation of penicillin, named Crustozin. It is established that, since the middle of 1940s, among scientists circulated opinion about its specific affinity that differed from the one officially accepted in the USSR. The existing situation forced Professor L. I. Kursanov to take measures to protect his scientific reputation. The mode of action he choose permitted him to prove his professional competence without destroying the formed postulate.
The relevance of the chosen topic of the scientific article is due to the fact that due to the introduction of sanctions against the Russian Federation and the legalization of parallel imports by the Government of the Russian Federation, most of the branded goods (including crude products) are sold to the Russian markets through the EAEU countries. Research conducted by Rosaccreditation and independent expert laboratories revealed a high level of counterfeit products among the goods imported in this way, which undoubtedly affects the health of end consumers. Thus, during expert research in relation to shoe products that are potentially dangerous to the health of citizens, high concentrations of such substances as phthalates and formaldehyde were revealed. In addition, high-quality violations of such goods due to fragile fastening, the use of cheap analog materials can be the causes of microtrauma, and with prolonged wear - foot deformations, negative impact on the musculoskeletal system and the development of fungal infections. In this regard, the article analyzed the system of technical regulation in the EAEU as an integral part of prohibitions and restrictions, identified problematic aspects, and gave recommendations on the introduction of the «single window» mechanism in technical regulation at the supranational level, as well as the introduction of technologies based on the principles of artificial intelligence, which will increase the efficiency of detecting violations when importing goods. These measures will make it possible to level violations of the import of low-quality footwear products under the guise of parallel imports, which will have a positive effect on the safety and health of end consumers.
The article considers corporate health as an important element of the modern HR management system. The relevance of the topic is due to the shift in the management paradigm from a narrow understanding of occupational safety to a broader approach that includes the physical, mental and social well-being of employees as a resource for the sustainability of the organization. It is shown that the concept of corporate health is formed at the intersection of human resource management, occupational safety, organizational psychology and workplace well-being policy. It is proved that, theoretically, corporate health should be considered not as a set of disparate wellness activities, but as an integrated subsystem of personnel management related to the quality of the work environment, organizational support, employee participation practices, occupational risk prevention and the development of well-being-oriented HR practices. It is concluded that corporate health is both a factor in preserving human capital, a tool for improving organizational stability, and an indicator of the maturity of personnel policy.
The article analyzes the legal regulation of working hours of medical workers in Russia. The relevance of the study is due to the increased social significance of the MRs work, which is carried out in special conditions associated with high psychoemotional stress, responsibility for the life and health of patients, and the need to ensure round-the-clock availability of medical care. The purpose of the work is to identify systemic contradictions and gaps in the legal regulation of MRs working hours and to develop proposals for improving current legislation. The research applied general scientific methods (system analysis, synthesis, comparison) and private scientific methods (formal legal, comparative legal, legal modeling method). The author applies an integrated approach when considering the institution of MR working time as a complex, multicomponent phenomenon located at the intersection of labor, administrative and medical law. The paper identifies and characterizes the specifics of the application of the general norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in relation to MR, analyzes the special norms enshrined in subordinate regulatory legal acts, and determines their relationship with the constitutional principles of health protection and the right to favorable working conditions. As a result of the research, the types of working time accounting used in medical organizations (daily, cumulative) are systematized, the specifics of establishing reduced working hours are detailed, and the legal working hours at night, weekends, and non-working holidays are analyzed. The key problems of law enforcement practice related to violations of standard working hours, failure to account for overwork, and a formal approach to shift schedules have been identified. Specific proposals have been formulated to improve legislation aimed at optimizing legal mechanisms for regulating working hours, taking into account the need to maintain a balance between the interests of patients (continuity and quality of care) and the rights of MR (occupational safety, recreation, prevention of professional burnout).
In the context of contemporary globalization, rural residents frequently encounter multiple barriers when attempting to access timely and high-quality healthcare. This article analyzes factors influencing the accessibility and quality of medical services for rural populations, including geographical isolation, limitations in material, human, and technological resources, and specific features of the socio-economic environment. Special attention is given to vulnerable groups within the rural population-such as women, children and adolescents, persons with disabilities, older adults, and inhabitants of areas prone to natural disasters - for whom restricted access to healthcare has cumulative and long-term effects, adversely impacting both physical and mental health indicators. Based on a systematic review of domestic and international publications from recent years, the study identifies key barriers and enabling factors that can improve access to healthcare in rural settings, including the development of primary healthcare services.
The article examines the concept of hospitality in the context of medical tourism from a semiotic and intercultural perspective. The host medical environment is considered as a system of signs through which patients form perceptions of safety, trust, and quality of medical care. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of interpreting cultural codes, visual and verbal communication strategies, as well as the interaction between the foreign and the familiar within the medical space. Based on a comparative analysis of practices in Russia and other countries, the study identifies key features of the representation of hospitality and its role in shaping the experience of medical tourists. The article argues that hospitality in medical tourism functions as a complex semiotic system that facilitates patient adaptation within a different cultural and institutional environment.
The quality of healthcare is a complex, interdisciplinary category. Current approaches to assessing quality of life are typically based on statistical data, medical statistics, and subjective assessments obtained through mass population surveys. Using expert surveys as a method not only for assessment but also for a deeper professional understanding of processes occurring in the healthcare system, predicting their consequences, and identifying the causes of changes in public opinion appears most appropriate, particularly for regional healthcare systems. Experts from regional communities are most immersed in issues related to their local context. The research methodology was based on the «structure, process, result» (Donabedian) approach and included a survey of experts from regional professional communities in the regional capital of the Kursk border region (n = 40). The experts included representatives from healthcare management, business, science and education, medical professionals, opinion leaders, and political scientists. The results of the expert survey revealed contradictions in regional healthcare management, which are exacerbated by a significant outflow of professional personnel.
The relevance of the topic is determined by data from numerous studies indicating a significantly higher prevalence of stigma toward individuals using psychoactive substances compared to patients with other mental disorders. Stigma is recognized as a key problem in modern healthcare systems and is defined as a systemic factor shaping the entire ecosystem of narcological care. It frequently affects the professional activities of mid-level medical personnel manifesting at interconnected levels and forming a vicious cycle that deteriorates treatment quality and outcomes while undermining the health of the staff themselves. Stereotypical and negative perceptions of patients with addictions among mid-level medical personnel lead to discriminatory care practices: ignoring pain complaints unfounded suspicions and the use of derogatory language in communication and documentation. It is stigmatizing treatment that inflicts the most severe psychological trauma becoming the primary barrier to seeking help again. Intra-organizational stigma directly contributes to adverse clinical outcomes increased relapses and mortality. Combating stigma must become the cornerstone of professional support and training programs for mid-level medical personnel as well as efforts to improve the overall quality of narcological care.
This article examines the relationship between coverage by dispensarization (preventive health screening) and qualitative characteristics of employment in the regions of the Central Federal District of Russia. An analysis of statistical data for 2017-2023 is presented, describing the level of participation of the working population in preventive medical examinations and key parameters of employment quality, including working conditions, forms of labour relations, and social protection of workers. It is noted that there is substantial differentiation among the Central Federal District regions both in dispensarization coverage and in employment quality indicators. The study finds that regions with higher employment quality also demonstrate higher participation rates of the working population in dispensarization, supporting the hypothesis that characteristics of labour relations affect accessibility to preventive medical care. Key factors linking employment quality and dispensarization coverage are identified as the formal nature of labour relations, which enables workers to exercise their legally guaranteed right to time off for medical examinations, and employer engagement in creating conditions for staff participation in preventive activities. The article concludes that improving employment quality through strengthening social and labour guarantees and enhancing working conditions can be regarded as an important resource for increasing dispensarization coverage among the working population and, consequently, for improving public health.
The article considers aging as a complex socio-cultural and existential phenomenon that goes beyond the exclusively biological process. The purpose of the study is to analyze aging as a multidimensional phenomenon, including social, cultural and philosophical aspects, as well as to substantiate the need for an integrative approach to its study. The paper shows that old age is socially constructed through norms, values, and institutional practices that determine the status and role of older people in society. At the same time, aging is revealed as an important stage of the existential formation of a personality, associated with a reassessment of life experience, comprehension of time, finiteness and the meaning of existence. Special attention is paid to the concept of active aging, the problem of ageism, the phenomenon of life review, the search for the meaning of life in later life, existential loneliness and identity transformation. Based on the analysis of philosophical and gerontological approaches, it is concluded that aging should be understood not as a period of loss exclusively, but as a significant stage of life with its own value, meaning and potential. The necessity of forming a more humanistic model of attitude to old age in the context of demographic aging of the population is substantiated.
In this article the author reveals the peculiarities of foreign language (FL) learning in different medical educational institutions. Learning a foreign language at the professional level requires a lot of personal work from the medical students. In the process of mastering all kinds of foreign language activities in a medical educational institution, students develop many important professional qualities. They become more patient, learn independently solve to many difficulties in their work, are accurate and precise in their actions. All these above mentioned qualities play a very important role in the formation of the future medical workers. In the article the researcher also describes the issues related to teaching English the students of the medical education institutions with different special purposes and belonging to different groups in terms of the proficiency levels. The author describes the methodology in terms of the competence and communicative approaches. The article gives a brief description of the main features of «the medical foreign language», and also gives the specific characteristics of the language exercises that help the teacher of a FL at the university to teach students the professional terminology.
The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the psychological state of the Russian population in the face of multiple external challenges. According to the April 2024 survey conducted by the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center, nine out of ten Russians experience stress on a regular basis, with one in five experiencing stress on a regular basis. The index of need for psychological assistance reached 30 out of 100 in late 2024, marking the highest level in the past 15 years. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of attitudes towards stress in Russian society based on data from large-scale sociological and psychological studies conducted in 2024-2025. The study examines the factors that influence an environmentally friendly attitude towards stress and the ability to cope with it. The main objectives include systematizing scientific approaches to studying stress, analyzing methods for diagnosing stress conditions, summarizing data on the prevalence of stress among the Russian population, and identifying dominant coping strategies.
The article presents an analysis of the dynamics in the number of healthcare organizations of various forms of ownership in the Russian Federation for the period from 2009 to 2024. The study was conducted using statistical and analytical methods of time series data processing. Opposite trends in the development of the public and private healthcare sectors have been identified. In the public sector, a reduction in the number of hospital organizations by 27.66% was recorded, alongside a simultaneous increase in the number of outpatient clinics by 23.63%, reflecting the optimization processes in the inpatient sector and the strengthening of primary health care. The private sector demonstrated exponential growth: the number of hospital organizations increased almost fourfold, and outpatient clinics more than doubled. The capacity of private outpatient clinics increased more than fourfold. All identified trends are confirmed by statistical significance. The results obtained indicate the transformation of private medicine into a significant element of the national health protection system, capable of filling the deficit niches of the public sector.
Today, in the context of technological and social transformation, people and their health must be paramount. Health preservation and improvement, as well as improving the quality and length of life, are fundamental issues of primary and national importance. Research into the conditions and characteristics of the socioeconomic development of healthcare services should be directly aimed at preserving human life, promoting health, and promoting the prosperity of Russian society as a whole.
The study provides a summary of the main provisions of the Fundamental Scientific Research Program of the Russian Federation for the long-term period (2021-2030), provides its general quantitative characteristics, highlighting the leading areas of knowledge and areas of science. For the field of scientific knowledge «Medical Sciences», a detailed statistical and substantive analysis is provided, as a result of which leaders and anti-leaders are identified in the context of areas and sections of fundamental and exploratory scientific research.
Ensuring adequate staffing levels for psychiatrists-narcologists and district psychiatrists-narcologists amid the observed shortage of healthcare personnel across all sectors and burnout among medical workers represents one of the primary pathways to improving the performance of psychoneurological services. Analysis of the new order from the Russian Ministry of Health on the «psychiatry-narcology» profile reveals that the document includes certain measures to strengthen preventive efforts by introducing the position of a medical psychologist in the office for the prevention of substance use disorders. However, in our view, certain provisions of the document require revision in the following directions: transitioning to commonly accepted indicators for labor norms in outpatient care, namely statistical data on population size and its contingents; and excluding staffing numbers from the normative provision for ensuring round-the-clock operations of medical personnel.
This article examines the demographic resilience of the Republic of Adygea, which faces unique demographic and economic challenges due to its limited territory, distinct ethnocultural composition, and external migration flows. Given the transformation of the labor market driven by digitalization, an aging population, and structural changes in the economy, the region is forced to develop strategies to enhance demographic resilience. The authors analyze factors influencing the stability of Adygeas labor market, assesses current trends in employment, migration, and demographic dynamics, and proposes adaptation mechanisms aimed at mitigating the risk of labor shortages and ensuring economic growth. The studys findings substantiate the need for a comprehensive approach that includes human capital development, stimulating internal migration, and implementing flexible employment models.
The Russian Ministry of Health is systematically creating mechanisms designed to increase the effectiveness of scientific research in the interests of medicine and healthcare by identifying priorities that are in demand in practical medicine. The list of priorities, formed on the basis of an analysis of expert opinions, as well as medicines and medical devices used in the provision of medical care for the most significant profiles of medical care in terms of their impact on demographic indicators, is freely available in the branch segment of medical science at EGISU RD for use in planning applied scientific research in the interests of medicine and healthcare. The priority system created by the Russian Ministry of Health is designed to form thematic areas where research and development results will be in demand by medicine and healthcare, ensuring our country's technological sovereignty and strategic leadership in these industries.
The study aimed to assess the impact of key parameters of the organizational and clinical environment on the formation of the primary professional identity and emotional well-being of a young doctor in order to identify priority areas for changing organizational support. It is concluded that the successful professional development of a medical university graduate, which involves the integration of value-motivational, operational-role, and socio-communicative components, is a critical condition for ensuring the quality of medical care, the emotional well-being of young doctors, and the staff sustainability of the healthcare system as a whole. It is substantiated that overcoming the adaptation crisis requires shifting the focus from the individual competencies of the young specialist to the organizational conditions of his or her work. An important direction for modernizing the human resource policy of healthcare institutions should be the purposeful design of a professionally enriching environment, which includes: reducing bureaucratic dissonance; transforming organizational culture towards a supportive, collegial model; institutionalizing "safe" spaces for professional reflection; rethinking the role of mentoring as an element of the organizational system; and shifting the focus of managerial key performance indicators from formal metrics to indicators of sustainable professional development.
The article discusses the socio-legal aspects of the development mutual cooperation between Russia and China in the public health. This direction of the current Russian-Chinese political agenda is caused by some factors. One of them is the common nature of public health problems and challenges faced by the healthcare systems. Also the reason is the growth of cross-border mobility of the population of both countries, which necessitates coordination of efforts in the field of regulation, ensuring the quality of services, protecting patients rights and epidemiological control. In this regard, the objective of the study is to analyze the key areas, legal mechanisms and social challenges that influence the development of interaction between Russia and China in the field of public health. Based on the results of the study, the main vectors in the Russian-Chinese cooperation in the field of public health are defined. They include: 1) prevention and control of infectious diseases; 2) digital transformation of healthcare; 3) oncology and nuclear medicine; 4) medical education and science; 5) ethical problems. The main mechanisms of interaction between Russia and China in public healthcare are legal regulatory (bilateral agreements, interdepartmental protocols, harmonization of regulatory requirements) and projects in scientific and educational sphere. Overall, cooperation between Russia and China in healthcare is dynamically developing, multifaceted, and promising. However, there are a number of limitations and problems, including cultural barriers, legal restrictions and ethical challenges. To sum up, the Russian-Chinese cooperation in the field of public health has significant potential, but requires the development of a legal framework and a systematic approach.
