Nurses play a central role in diabetes management and the education of people living with diabetes using advanced diabetes technologies. However, their role remains variably defined and inconsistently implemented across healthcare settings. In this study, we aim to establish expert consensus on the professional role and responsibilities, technology-related competencies and expertise, educational and leadership responsibilities, and training and organizational support of Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) nurses in the context of advanced diabetes technologies and to explore agreement with external professional groups. An expert consensus study was conducted with a panel of 21 expert DSMES nurses from across Spain, followed by an external professional assessment involving 306 healthcare professionals. A structured questionnaire including nine consensus statements was administered using a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was predefined as ≥ 70
Evidence directly comparing equivalent structured online and face-to-face diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) programs is limited. This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of delivering the same structured group-based DSMES program online versus face-to-face in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and suboptimal glycemic control. OPTIM@TE was an open-label, parallel-group, pilot randomized controlled trial in adults with T1D, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7.5
The aim of this study was to compare patient-reported outcomes (PROs) related to hypoglycemia recovery with FLO23011, a novel multi-energy substrate for hypoglycemia (MESH) recovery drink combining 15 g glucose with beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), versus standard glucose gel in adults with type 1 diabetes, and to explore associations between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics and perceived and objective treatment response. In a randomized, open-label, crossover study, 12 adults with type 1 diabetes used FLO23011 and standard glucose gel to treat hypoglycemia for two 6-week periods, with continuous glucose monitoring throughout. PROs were assessed using a study-specific 14-domain questionnaire and exit interviews. Exploratory CGM analyses examined patient-relevant recovery signals: glucose-band exposure versus psychological PRO scores, and baseline glycemic variability versus time-in-range (TIR) response. FLO23011 was rated more favorably than glucose gel in 13/14 domains. Among recovery-related items, 70
Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN), the most common form of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), is a chronic complication of diabetes associated with sensory loss, foot ulceration, lower-limb amputation, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Despite its substantial clinical burden, DSPN remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in Malaysia. This consensus aimed to develop practical, evidence-informed recommendations for screening, diagnosis, and management of painful and non-painful presentations of DSPN tailored to the Malaysian healthcare setting. An expert panel comprising 11 endocrinologists from public and private healthcare institutions in Malaysia was convened. Draft recommendations were adapted from international and local guidelines for Malaysian clinical practice. Consensus development involved pre-meeting review and anonymous voting, followed by structured face-to-face discussion. Consensus was defined as ≥80
Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a major complication of diabetes and is a leading cause of lower-extremity amputation. This study evaluated the cross-sectional discriminative performance of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) risk classification for prevalent active DFU, described gender-disaggregated ulcer prevalence, and identified factors independently associated with moderate/high IWGDF risk in a specialist diabetes center. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 713 adults with diabetes mellitus who attended the diabetic foot service of a university diabetes center were classified according to the IWGDF risk system. The prevalence of active DFU was compared across risk categories using the Cochran–Armitage trend test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with moderate/high IWGDF risk and active DFU. Active DFU was present in 21 patients (2.9
