Sensitivity to gender and sexual diversity is essential for nursing students to provide inclusive and equitable care. This study aimed to develop the Japanese version of the Gender and Sexual Diversity Sensitivity Scale (GSDSS-J) and conduct a preliminary validation among Japanese nursing students. Overall, 198 nursing students provided data using a cross-sectional web-based survey. The GSDSS was translated into Japanese according to established guidelines. Psychometric evaluation included item analysis, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and construct validity assessed through correlations with the Japanese version of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Development of Clinical Skills Scale. No ceiling or floor effects were observed. The final 24-item model showed good internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of .924. The intraclass correlation coefficient of .416 indicated limited test–retest reliability. EFA yielded a three-factor structure broadly corresponding to the original GSDSS. CFA showed variation across model fit indices (comparative fit index = .810; Tucker–Lewis index = .790; root mean square error of approximation = .089; standardized root mean square residual = .068), indicating that the proposed factor structure requires further examination. Significant positive correlations with the basic knowledge and clinical training subscales of the comparison scale provided partial evidence for construct validity. The findings provide preliminary evidence of the GSDSS-J’s psychometric properties. Limitations in model fit and test–retest reliability indicate that further validation is required. Larger, independent samples are needed to confirm the factor structure and establish the reliability and validity of the GSDSS-J.
BACKGROUND: Mothers with breast cancer often face challenges balancing caregiving and parenting roles, and psychological distress may adversely affect parenting attitudes and the parent-child relationship. Evidence on factors associated with parenting attitudes among Japanese mothers with breast cancer remains limited. OBJECTIVE: To examine parenting attitudes and identify associated factors among Japanese mothers with breast cancer raising children younger than 18 years. METHODS: A cross-sectional, anonymous online survey was conducted among 200 Japanese patients with breast cancer raising children younger than 18 years, recruited from an opt-in online research panel. Data on demographics, family characteristics, parent-child relationship difficulties, quality of life (FACT-B), and parenting attitudes (Alabama Parenting Questionnaire) were analyzed using univariate and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: The mean participant age was 47.5 years; 57.5% were diagnosed at stage I, and 87.0% had disclosed their diagnosis to their children. Mean FACT-B and parenting attitude scores were 98.0 and 132.6, respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, younger child age (β = –0.22, P = .033) and higher FACT-B score (β = 0.40, P < .001) were significantly associated with more favorable parenting attitudes. CONCLUSION: Higher maternal quality of life was associated with more favorable parenting attitudes, and older child age was associated with lower parenting attitude scores. Health care providers should routinely assess maternal quality of life and parenting concerns and tailor support to the child’s developmental stage.
The construct of meaningful occupation remains conceptually underdeveloped in OT literature. Furthermore, while goal-setting is foundational to clinical outcomes, an overemphasis on goal-directed activity may inadvertently undermine present-moment engagement, limiting the conditions through which meaning in occupation emerges. This paper proposes the PEARL Model of Occupational Engagement as a conceptual model to further operationally define meaningful occupation by emphasizing the quality of engagement itself rather than outcomes. Drawing from OT philosophy, historical foundations, occupational science, and interdisciplinary literature on intrinsic motivation, this model outlines five interrelated constructs: presence, embodiment, alignment, reflection, and life integration, that operate synergistically to deepen engagement and meaning in occupation. The PEARL Model offers occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) a conceptual model to facilitate meaningful occupation by prioritizing present-moment engagement, with implications for strengthening professional identity, clarifying the meaning of occupation, and guiding intervention toward holistic occupational engagement that supports health and well-being.
Research specifically examining the health and social service priorities of Indigenous men remains limited, particularly in rural and remote First Nations communities. This exploratory qualitative study examined the health and social service needs and care priorities of Anicinapek men living in Lac Simon and Kitcisakik, Quebec. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 men between September and November 2023 and analyzed thematically. This is an exploratory study; thematic saturation was not reached, and comparative analysis between the two communities is not supported. Participants described interconnected needs related to the management of chronic health conditions, psychosocial and mental health support, family and caregiving responsibilities, and access to adequately resourced services. They also emphasized the need for more male health and social service practitioners and for services that provide privacy, relational continuity, and culturally meaningful forms of support. Community-based services were generally preferred because of their proximity, familiarity, and capacity to incorporate cultural activities, collective values, and local relationships. Participants nevertheless identified limitations in available infrastructure, emergency care, specialized services, and workforce stability. Their accounts also highlighted men’s active engagement in managing their health, supporting their families, transmitting cultural values, and strengthening mutual aid within their communities. These exploratory findings demonstrate the importance of developing flexible, culturally grounded, and community-informed services that build on Anicinapek men’s knowledge, caregiving roles, and existing networks of community support.t.
BACKGROUND: Violence, injuries, and preventable harms affecting tribal women and children in India may arise across diverse contexts, yet their full range and distribution remain insufficiently characterized. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the forms and contexts of violence, injuries, and preventable deaths affecting tribal women and children in India. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective descriptive newspaper-based analysis of publicly reported incidents involving tribal women and children. Incidents were classified by type of harm, intentionality, and reported contextual factors. Categories included homicide and attempted homicide; suicide and suspected suicide; non-lethal violence, abuse, and exploitation; structural or preventable non-violent deaths; and accidental or unintentional deaths and injuries. RESULTS: We identified 103 incidents involving 138 victims. Interpersonal violence accounted for 75.7% of incidents (n = 78), while 24.3% (n = 25) involved self-directed harm, accidental injuries or deaths, or structural and preventable deaths. Homicide and attempted homicide were most common (44.7%, n = 46), followed by non-lethal violence, abuse, and exploitation (31.1%, n = 32). Domestic violence was the leading context for homicide and attempted homicide. Women and children comprised 85.0% (n = 117) of victims. Harms occurred in households, communities, conflict-affected settings, and contexts shaped by limited healthcare access, infrastructure, and institutional response. CONCLUSIONS: Harms affecting tribal women and children extend beyond interpersonal violence to include self-directed, accidental, and structurally mediated harms.
