Road traffic accident is a massive health hazard in Egypt and all over the world. Also, Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a major cause of global mortality and morbidity. Available funds are insufficient to solve problems in all accident locations at the same time. Consequently, accident locations need to be ranked according to its severity for best allocation of available funds to repair the most severe locations. El Minia-Beni suif east and Agriculture roads are of the roads that have a highly repetition of accidents. This study compares between accident characteristics on both roads. In addition, areas of high accident occurrence are ranked according to its severity. Accident data on both roads is abstained from General Authority of Roads, Bridges and Land transport (GARBLT) for the period from 2010-2014. Analysis proved that Agriculture road has the major part of accidents, death and injuries. The maximum number of accidents on both roads occurs at kilometers between 20 and 30. The road section length of highly accident location on both roads is divided into subsections with length 2 km. These subsections are ranked according to its severity using the accident weight methodology. Accident weight is estimated using the economic cost of death, injury and property damage. Black spots are determined using Critical Crash Rate approach. Analysis proved that two locations on the study area can be considered as black spots. One on each road at the same km (24-26) is considered as a black spot. The present study recommends starting modifications with these two black spots sites then other locations according to its rank of severity. Also, the research recommends that the methodology introduced in should be used on all Egyptian roads. © 2016. Marsland Press, Zhengzhou University Language: en
One of the main issues in political philosophy is freedom. The concept of freedom has always been the most challenging social-political issues. What is the position of Islam in relation to freedom? What is the scope of government intervention in relation to the freedom of individuals? Where is the place of political philosophy of Islamic-Shia? According to Islamic texts, including topics that are discussed in this article are Shia. [Fatemeh Ferdowsi, Jahangir Masoudi. Surveillance of Freedom in Shia political philosophy. Life Sci J 2015;12(5s):12-18]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 2
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Cu and Zn supplementation on growth, blood serum Cu and Zn levels, scrotal circumference and semen quality in growing male Boer × Nubian bucks. Twenty eight male goats were fed twice daily at 07:00 and 19:00 h with a total mixed ration (TMR) containing 10.3 and 22.5 mg/kg DM of Cu and Zn, respectively. TMR was supplemented with four treatments being: control, Cu (21.7), Zn (5.6), and Cu-Zn (21.7 and 5.6, respectively) which was provided as a mineral premix. Live weight and Cu and Zn levels were analyzed under a completely randomized design with repeated measures. Scrotal circumference and semen quality were analyzed by analysis of variance using the general linear model. The comparison of differences between treatments was done using Tukey test. There were no differences in live weight, scrotal circumference, ejaculate volume and sperm concentration. Blood serum concentration of Cu increased (p < 0.0001) with Cu treatment. Blood serum concentration of Zn increased (p < 0.05) with Zn supplementation. The motility and viability of sperm in the ejaculate were affected by Cu and Zn supplementation treatments. Based on the above, in bucks fed with a TMR supplemented with Cu and Zn increase blood serum Cu and Zn levels and improved the percentage of sperm motility and viability from the ejaculate. [Hernández-Meléndez J, Salem AZM, Sánchez-Dávila F, Rojo R, Limas AG, López-Aguirre D, Vázquez-Armijo JF. Effect of Copper and Zinc Supplementation on Growth, Blood Serum Copper and Zinc Levels, Scrotal Circumference and Semen Quality in Growing Male Boer × Nubian Bucks. Life Sci J 2015;12(2s):108-112]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 17
A review of research work done on Triticum aestivum, at individual as well as multiple environments, was taken to study general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) for grain yield and its related traits. High SCA variance than GCA variance was reported in many experiments which indicating the non-additive genetic inheritance of these agronomic traits. However, in various other research experiments GCA variances and SCA variances indicated equal importance of additive and non-additive gene action. The reviewed results indicated the significance of studying combining ability and gene action governing yield, to identify potential parental genotypes and crosses that can help the breeders to plan a strong crop improvement strategy. [Naseem Z, SA Masood, S Irshad, N Annum, MK Bashir, R Anum, Qurban A, Arfan A, Naila K, Nazar HK. Critical study of gene action and combining ability for varietal development in wheat: An Overview. Life Sci J 2015;12(3s):104-108]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 16
The article considers the notion of economic security as applied to the manufacturers of agricultural machinery. The authors detect its functional components and also the external and internal threats for the economic security of agricultural enterprises with a glance to factors inherent in this field. Besides, they formulate definitions for such notions as “the economic security of agricultural enterprises”, “threatens for the economic security of agricultural enterprises” and “the economic mobility of agricultural enterprises”. The authors propose the guidelines to improve the economic security of agricultural business entities. [Pavlov A.J., Batova V.N., Maljuk L.I., Belousov S.A. The guidelines for the economic security of agricultural enterprises as a factor for the stable development of agricultural economy. Life Sci J 2015;12(1s):74-76]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 18
The objective was to evaluate the use of Acacia cochliacantha and Acacia farnesiana fruits in nutritional blocks (NB) for sheep and evaluate the productive response and apparent digestibility of diets. Eighteen sheep F1 (Pelibuey × Dorper) with live weight of 20.4 ± 1.8 kg were randomized into three groups of 6 animals each. Treatments were basal diet with nutritional blocks without fruit (T0 = control), with 30% of fruits of A. farnesiana (T2) or with 30% fruits of A. cochliacantha (T3) on a dry matter basis. Dry matter intakes of nutritional blocks (NB), corn stover (CS), concentrate and total consumption were measured. Moreover, the daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion (FC), apparent digestibility of nutrients as the organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA) were also measured. Intake of NB were higher (p > 0.001) in sheep of treatments T1 and T2; however, CS intake and total dry matter intake was higher (p <0.001) in animals of T2. Consumption of concentrate, OM, CP, NDF, the DWG and FC were similar (p > 0.05) between treated animals. The intake of ADF was higher (p <0.001) for animals of T2. The apparent nutrient digestibility of diets was similar (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the use of the fruits of acacias in NB as a feed supplement in the diet of sheep, increased consumption of total dry matter, without affecting the digestibility of the diet and weight gain of the animals in the tropics of Mexico. [Rojas Hernandez S, Quiroz Cardoso F, Camacho Diaz LM, Cipriano Salazar M, Avila Morales B, Cruz Lagunas B, Jimenez Guillen R, Villa Mancera A, Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem, Olivares Pérez J. Productive Response and Apparent Digestibility of Sheep Fed on Nutritional Blocks with Fruits of Acacia farnesiana and Acacia cochliacantha. Life Sci J 2015;12(2s):81-86]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12
Abiotic stresses like drought, salinity and high temperature are the major problems, which reduce rice crop yield world-wide. Among them drought is most yield limiting factors, which significantly affect its growth, development and lower its yield. Developing drought tolerant rice genotypes is dire need of the time, pre-requisite of which is availability of genetic variation and diversity. The present review describes the methodologies to devise easy, quick and cost effective screening protocols for assessment of genetic variation against drought stress to know stress responsive traits while keeping in view the erratic nature of this crop against abiotic stress drought. The role of various transcriptional factors will also be discussed to understand the mechanism of control against drought. [Masood SA, Sofia J, Madiha A, Zain N, Anum J and Qurban Ali. Genetic Association of transcriptional factors (OsAP2 gene family) to incorporate drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica): An overview. Life Sci J 2015;12(3s):71-76]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 12
Plants are simultaneously exposed to various biotic and abitic stresses which effect growth and development of plants causing to reduce yield. The term plant wax is collectively used to describe the lipid components of cuticles covering the areal parts of plants. Cuticular wax layer protects the plants against environmental stresses and work as a waterproof barrier. It reduces the residual transpiration, minimize the nonstomata water loss, shelter plants from ultraviolet radiations, decrease the water deposition on plant surface, minimize the retention of pollens, dust and air pollutants. Plant waxes provide the protection against bacterial, fungal pathogens and reduces plant-insect interactions. Generally cuticular wax is comprised of long chain aliphatic lipids, tritrepenoids, sterols and flavonoids. Aliphetic compounds are synthesized in epidermal cells to from very long chain fatty acids. These very long chain fatty acids are changed to their derivatives to form wax. The aim of present review is to exploit the available information about the composition, functions, biosyntheses process of plant epicuticular wax and factors involved in its regulation so that the information may be helpful for plant biologists to improve the potential of crop plants against environmental stresses. [Ahmad HM, Rahman MU, Ali Q Awan SI. Plant cuticular waxes: a review on functions, composition, biosyntheses mechanism and transportation. Life Sci J 2015;12(4s):60-67]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 8
