Trauma in the oral region and tooth avulsion are a major part of injuries in children, adolescents, and young adults. Established methods used to manage these cases provide mainly repair, but not regeneration. Tissue engineering paves the way for research in the new field of regenerative endodontics to overcome the limits of conservative strategies. This review aims to provide an overview of the available in vitro and in vivo models for dental pulp regeneration. The review covers different in vitro models, including two-and three-dimensional models and organ cultures, comprising both ectopic and orthotopic approaches. These models show the great potential of tissue engineering for regenerative endodontics, which can lead to regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex in future.
Eagle’s syndrome is characterized by a set of symptoms caused by an elongation of the styloid process and/or the mineralization (calcification or ossifications) of the stylohyoid and/or stylomandibular ligaments. The symptoms can be variable, affecting the masticatory system and maxillofacial region as well as the head and neck, often leading to a misdiagnosis. Here we present a literature review and a case report of stylocarotid syndrome, which is one of the two forms of this syndrome.
Coronoid process hyperplasia is one of a large number of disorders affecting the stomatognathic system and causing mandibular hypomobility. It is characterized by an excessive coronoid process growing to such an extent that it impinges on the posterior portion of the zygomatic bones. Despite the low prevalence of this condition, it should be considered as a possible diagnosis in patients with painless, progressive, and chronic restriction of mouth opening. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs in association with radiographic examinations. Coronoidectomy is the only treatment option for this condition along with early postoperative physical therapy. This article presents the case of a patient with bilateral coronoid process hyperplasia, who was initially diagnosed as having bilateral temporomandibular joint disorders. The patient underwent months of physiotherapy and bite-appliance therapy without any improvement in mouth opening. FinalIy, he was referred to La Timone Hospital for a proper diagnosis and, consequently, effective treatment.
Owing to the complexity of the treatment of condylar hyperplasia associated with dentofacial deformities, with the accompanying risk of complications resulting from surgical trauma to adjacent anatomic structures, the surgeon can make use of piezosurgery. This case report describes a patient with right condylar hyperplasia associated with dentofacial deformity who was treated surgically with piezosurgery with high condylectomy, articular disc repositioning and anchoring, and orthognathic surgery concomitantly. The approach led to stable results, satisfactory occlusion, and facial harmony.
Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), a rare odontogenic lesion, usually appears as radiolucency with radiopacities. This characteristic finding may not always be evident depending on the lesion stage, growth, and histopathological features. An asymptomatic case of CCOT alongside an unerupted third molar that was discovered randomly after a routine panoramic radiograph is presented in a 28-year-old male patient. The imaging examination by cone beam computed tomography revealed a unilocular corticated radiolucency in close association with the buccal aspect of a fully impacted mandibular third molar that extended to the apical third of the tooth. The roots appeared outside the lesion and there was no evidence of resorption or jaw bone erosion. Based on the imaging findings, the provisional clinical diagnosis was dentigerous cyst. After the surgical removal of the cystic lesion, which had adhered in the cemento-enamel junction of the third molar, the histopathological examination showed a CCOT. Unerupted third molars should be investigated radiographically even in the absence of clinical signs for the early diagnosis and management of the various odontogenic cysts and tumors.
Trauma in the oral region and tooth avulsion are a major part of injuries in children, adolescents, and young adults. Established methods used to manage these cases provide mainly repair, but not regeneration. Tissue engineering paves the way for research in the new field of regenerative endodontics to overcome the limits of conservative strategies. This review aims to provide an overview of the available in vitro and in vivo models for dental pulp regeneration. The review covers different in vitro models, including two- and three-dimensional models and organ cultures, comprising both ectopic and orthotopic approaches. These models show the great potential of tissue engineering for regenerative endodontics, which can lead to regeneration of the pulp–dentin complex in future.
Background Superficial clinical examination of occlusion and just assessing the morphologic relationship of teeth at the finishing stages of orthodontic treatment may be insufficient. A case with a clinically satisfying occlusion may be functionally unbalanced. Evaluating occlusion both statically and functionally for uniform distribution of occlusal load is essential for optimum results and therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the occlusal contacts in the vertical plane. Aims The aim of the study was to quantitatively assess the occlusion at the pre finishing stage of orthodontic treatment using T Scan in order to identify the various occlusal variabilities and compare it to the occlusion achieved after 1 month of completion of orthodontic treatment. Methods Quantitative occlusal analysis using T Scan was performed on 16 adult patients at the start of finishing stage (T1) followed by a detailed finishing and settling phase of 2 months. Another scan was taken 1 month after debonding (T2). Results Using Wilcoxon matched pair test, statistically significant changes were seen in mandibular position and occlusal contacts at T2 as compared to T1. Relatively equal distribution of forces on both sides of the arch was also achieved after a detailed finishing and settling phase. Conclusions Evaluation of the number and distribution of occlusal contacts at the end of active orthodontic treatment has not been a routine procedure in orthodontic clinics. 2 months of extensive finishing and detailing phase resulted in marked improvement in all three parameters and favorable changes in occlusion. Hence, evaluation of occlusion using T Scan is an innovative and objective method, emphasizing that proper finishing is mandatory for obtaining functionally stable occlusion.
The efficacy of 1 % sodium hypochlorite and 2 % glutaraldehyde disinfectant sprays on impression materials (alginate and addition silicone rubber-based impression material) was tested qualitatively and quantitatively for the presence of microflora on untreated (control group) and disinfected impression surfaces after 48 h of incubation using nutrient agar culture medium. Impressions were made of 60 dentulous volunteers aged 20–50 years who were apparently free from medical problems. The colony-forming units (cfu) were counted and compared with the control group. The control group showed growth of viridians streptococci, Streptococcus pneumonia, diphtheroids, and Neisseria. The alginate control group showed more microflora compared with the silicone impression surface of both the control group and the study group. Use of 1 % sodium hypochlorite yielded better results than did 2 % glutaraldehyde.
Palatine rugae are asymmetrical and irregular elevations of the mucosa located in the palate. Once they are formed they can change in size but their shape remains constant. These formations are considered a landmark during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to identify malocclusion in young individuals through patterns of palatal rugae.
Occlusal forces are the physiological functional forces that activate the periodontal mechanoreceptors and maintain the health of the periodontium. In the absence of these forces, the periodontium undergoes nonfunctional atrophy, while with occlusal discrepancies or heavy occlusal forces it undergoes destruction. The tolerance capacity of the periodontal ligament to the occlusal forces depends on the magnitude, duration, and frequency of the forces. This article describes the influence of various occlusal forces on the periodontium, their clinical presentation, and the treatment considerations.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) 2 % as hemostyptic when used as an irrigant in low concentration during surgical procedures.
Aim The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess (a) the level of knowledge of mothers in the Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia with regard to the immediate emergency management of dental trauma and (b) its relation to socioeconomic variables. Methods We interviewed 120 mothers using a questionnaire that investigated the mothers’ demographic data and their basic knowledge of emergency management of tooth fracture, avulsion, and loss of consciousness. The questionnaire also investigated the mothers’ self-assessed knowledge, their attitude toward further education on dental trauma emergency management, the likelihood of dental trauma prevention, and their knowledge of the priority of emergency management of dental trauma. Results The average knowledge score was 2.408 (out of 8). Two factors significantly improved maternal knowledge: having previous training that included dental trauma management ( p = 0.036) and acknowledging the importance of emergency management of dental trauma ( p = 0.031). Conclusion Maternal knowledge about the emergency management of dental trauma in Al-Qassim region was deficient regardless of age, educational level, working status, or socioeconomic status. Dental educational campaigns aimed at mothers are necessary so as to minimize complications from dental trauma among children.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of the German version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G) in comparison with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and to evaluate whether gender has a potential influence on OHIP scores and dimensions in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients.
Background The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and etiology of maxillary sinus retention cysts (RCs) in a Turkish patient population in the Middle Black Sea region by using panoramic radiography.Material and methods We retrospectively reviewed 9,659 panoramic radiographs that were taken from March 2012 to January 2014. The number, location, and the size of the RCs as well as the age, gender, dental status, and radiographic dental findings of the patients were recorded.Results Of the 9,659 patients, 158 had RCs with a frequency of 1.6 %. Male patients had significantly more RCs than female patients did (p < 0.001). RCs were mostly seen in patients aged between 30 and 39 years and no significant difference was found between age groups. We detected 169 RCs in the 158 patients. Of these patients, 147 were dentate and 11 were edentulous. Moreover, 39 % of the patients had dental findings in the adjacent teeth to the maxillary sinus. The size of the RCs measured on panoramic radiographs ranged from 0.8 to 9.5 cm(2) with a mean of 3.7 cm(2).Conclusion This study shows that the prevalence of RCs is low (1.6 %) and the frequency of RCs diminishes slightly with age. Most of the patients that had RCs were dentate, and dental findings were observed in around 50 % of the patients. Therefore, dental pathology may be considered to be a contributing factor for RCs. According to the findings of our study, the size and prevalence of RCs are not age dependent.
The present work aimed to describe the incidental findings in a study of immediate loading of dental implants in pigs, i.e., the correlation between implant integration and the side of implantation.
Saliva has the potential to become a first-line diagnostic sample of choice owing to the advancements in detection technologies coupled with combinations of biomolecules with clinical relevance. Saliva is increasingly being used as an investigational aid in the diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases. It is a complex fluid containing a variety of enzymes, hormones, antibodies, antimicrobial constituents, and growth factors. Thus, saliva is functionally equivalent to serum, but its low concentration compared with serum levels in the blood may prevent salivary diagnostics from being clinically practical. However, with the development of new and highly sensitive techniques the low concentration of analytes in saliva is no longer a limitation. Evaluation of the secretions from individual salivary glands is useful for the detection of gland-specific pathology and whole saliva is used for the evaluation of systemic disorders. This review article highlights the diagnostic applications of saliva for systemic diseases and for monitoring of general health.
Cleidocranial dysplasia is an autosomal dominant inherited condition consisting of a generalized skeletal disorder, characterized by clavicular aplasia (deficient formation of the clavicles), delayed and imperfect ossification of the cranium, moderately short stature, and a variety of other skeletal abnormalities. Associated dental signs are present in 93.5 % patients and include failure of tooth eruption with multiple supernumerary teeth, dilaceration of roots, crown germination, micro-dontia, high arched palate, midface hypoplasia, and high gonial angle. The present case report describes the treatment of a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia. An interdisciplinary approach of prosthodontics and oral surgery was used. Exfoliation of the patient's deciduous teeth and failure of permanent anterior tooth eruption caused emotional, social, and self-esteem issues in the patient. The use of magnetic-retained overlay removable partial denture prostheses is described.
Background Sleep bruxism (SB) causes many dental problems and complications with fixed partial dentures on implants. Although it is an important issue in clinical dentistry, no reliable treatment is available for SB. In the present study, we employed the electromyographic biofeedback device SleepGuard (TM), which is attached to the forehead, detects SB, and alerts subjects with a gentle beeping sound to stop SB. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of biofeedback treatment on the incidence of masticatory muscle activity, sleep quality, and psychological stress levels.Materials and methods Ten subjects (five male and five female subjects) participated in the study, and a crossover design was used. Sleep measurements were taken on three consecutive nights to obtain data without SleepGuard (TM) (baseline group), with SleepGuard (TM) with the beeping sound (on group), and with SleepGuard (TM) without the beeping sound (off group). Data obtained on the final day were evaluated. STAI-JYZ scores were assessed and salivary chromogranin A (CgA) levels and cortisol concentrations were measured to compare psychological and physical stress after sleep. Friedman's and Dunn's tests were used to compare each parameter among the three groups.Results A marked decrease was observed in the incidence of SB events per hour in seven subjects in the on group. The beeping of SleepGuard (TM) did not affect the percentage of sleep stages, salivary CgA levels, cortisol concentrations, or STAI-JYZ scores.Conclusion Our results suggest that biofeedback therapy with a beeping sound inhibited SB without negatively impacting sleep quality or psychological stress.
