Background:This study aimed to investigate the effect of different irrigation solutions on the surface roughness of NeoPutty MTA and Biodentine materials used as perforation repair materials. Methods:Thirty-two Teflon blocks were divided into M (NeoPutty MTA) and B (Biodentine) groups, which were further divided into maleic acid (n=8) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (n=8) groups. The surface roughness of all the samples was determined by scanning with an atomic force microscopy (AFM) device before and after soaking in 7% maleic acid and 17% EDTA solutions. For data analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two independent groups, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for dependent groups. Results:According to the findings of the study, no significant difference was found between the initial roughness of NeoPutty MTA and Biodentine materials. However, EDTA solution produced statistically significant surface roughness in Biodentine material, while maleic acid solution produced statistically significant surface roughness in NeoPutty MTA material. Conclusion:Further studies are necessary to investigate the effects of physicochemical changes induced by irrigation solutions in repair materials on bacterial adhesion and restorative adhesive procedures.
Background:The accurate fit between the dental implant and the prosthetic abutment is crucial for the stability of the entire prosthetic-implant system, providing a better distribution of the occlusal load to the surrounding bone. To improve stress distribution between the implant and bone, various types of internal connection implants have been introduced. However, few studies are available on the biomechanical behavior of these connections. This study investigated the stress distribution in screwed implant-supported prosthesis with different implant‒abutment connections using a photoelastic analysis. Methods:Eight photoelastic models were fabricated in PL-2 resin and divided according to the different types of internal connections: Morse taper (MT), internal Morse hexagon (IMH), Morse taper hexagon (MTH), and frictional Morse taper (FMT) implants (3.75×11.5 mm), and the number of crowns (single and 3-unit pieces). Models were positioned in a circular polariscope, and 100-N axial and oblique (45º) loads were applied to the occlusal surface of the crowns using a universal testing machine. The stresses were photographically recorded and qualitatively analyzed using Adobe Photoshop software. Results:Under axial loading, the number and distribution of high-intensity fringes did not differ among groups for both crown types (single and splinted 3-element). Low stress values were noted at the implant apex. The oblique loading increased the number of fringes for all groups. In conclusion, the internal connection tested in this study did not affect the number and distribution of stress. Conclusion:The different types of internal connections provided better stability for the implant‒prosthesis set, which improved stress distribution when the prosthetic pillar was loaded, with the Morse cone friction system showing less stress. Oblique loading resulted in a higher stress concentration than axial loading.
Background:Oral cancer is the eighth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, particularly prevalent in regions with high tobacco and betel nut consumption. The associated high mortality and morbidity rates could be reduced through early detection, prompting researchers to focus on identifying early markers of carcinogenesis. Methods:This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of oxidative stress markers as diagnostic tools. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify case‒control studies published between January 2000 and June 2024 that explored the use of oxidative stress markers as diagnostic biomarkers. A manual search was also performed in relevant journals, including oral oncology and oral diseases. Initially, 38 studies were screened, and after applying the inclusion criteria, only nine studies were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results:Eight studies were conducted in India, while one was from Saudi Arabia. These studies analyzed oxidative stress markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and leukoplakia. Control groups were matched based on age and sex, with only two studies also considering socioeconomic status. A significant difference (P<0.05) in oxidative stress marker levels was observed between cases and controls, particularly in patients with OSCC and OSMF. Conclusion:Oxidative stress markers show promise as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. Standardized methodologies and therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress could enhance early detection and treatment, especially in resource-limited settings. However, the findings must be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations, geographic bias, and the lack of inclusion of grey literature.
Background:The oral health needs of older adults must be prioritized due to the shifting demographics of the population and rising life expectancy. This study investigated the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) among geriatric dental patients in a sample of the Egyptian population and explored the association with age, gender, smoking habit, as well as the impact on the quality of life. Methods:This cross-sectional study screened 300 geriatric dental patients aged 65 years or older, from several dental hospitals and mobile clinics in various regions in Egypt. Demographic data and information regarding denture use, systemic diseases, and smoking habits were recorded. A clinical examination was conducted, and the quality of life was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-5 (OHIP-5) score. Results:OMLs were found in 59.3% of the cases studied. The most prevalent OML in the studied population was coated tongue, and the least frequent was oral cancer. The buccal mucosa was the most frequently affected location. OMLs had a profound impact on the quality of life. Male gender, heavy smoking, the presence of medical conditions, and denture use were significant predictors of the presence of OMLs. Conclusion:In the present study, the prevalence of oral lesions in geriatric patients was 59.3%. The most prevalent OML in the studied population was coated tongue, and the least frequent was oral cancer. OMLs had a profound impact on the quality of life. The prevalence of OMLs was found to be strongly linked to systemic diseases, heavy smoking, and male gender.
Background:This trial aimed to compare osseodensification with traditional implant site preparation in terms of clinical outcomes, radiographic findings, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the peri-implant sulcus. Methods:Sixteen patients were randomly assigned to two groups. In group 1, eleven sites received a small-diameter implant according to the conventional method; in group 2, eleven sites received an implant after osseodensification. The modified plaque index, modified bleeding (sulcus) index, and peri-implant probing depth were recorded for all patients on the day of implant placement (baseline) as well as at 3 and 6 months. The preoperative and postoperative alveolar ridge widths were measured, and the marginal bone loss (MBL) around the implant was assessed. Gingival crevicular samples were assayed using ELISA. Results:For the MPI, mSBI, and PPD, no statistically significant differences were reported across the groups at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Group 2 showed a lower marginal bone level and higher bone density, lower VEGF, and lower IL-6 levels than group 1. Conclusion:Osseodensification was shown to preserve bone and augment the ridge width, unlike conventional osteotomy with a small-diameter implant. The association of VEGF and IL-6 may be used as a marker for bone resorption and revascularization around dental implants.
Background:In addition to the capacity for gradual and sustained fluoride release over extended durations, which is crucial for remineralization processes and antibacterial properties, glass-ionomer cements (GICs) may serve as templates for releasing additional active antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of conventional GICs-ChemFlex and Fuji IX-with and without the addition of antimicrobial compounds benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), against cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Actinomyces viscosus across different time intervals. Methods:Specimens measuring 4×6 mm were prepared from the cements with and without the incorporation of antibacterial agents. The inhibitory zones were assessed after 48 hours, as well as after 2, 7, and 21 days of incubation. The agar diffusion method was employed to determine the zones of inhibition. Results:The statistical analysis of the antimicrobial effects between the two compounds indicated no significant differences in the control group. Statistically significant differences were noted in the experimental group, except on the 21st day for S. mutans across all concentrations, and the 48th hour and 7th day for A. viscosus in 3% antimicrobial agents. Conclusion:The incorporation of antimicrobial agents into conventional glass-ionomers demonstrated an inhibitory effect on all examined cariogenic bacteria. This effect was more significant at higher concentrations. Over time, the suppressive effect diminished; however, it remained significantly strong. Glass-ionomers lacking antimicrobial agents demonstrated a restricted but noticeable antibacterial efficacy.
Background:Preparation of the mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavity in maxillary premolars reduces their stiffness and fracture resistance. The maximum preservation of dental tissue is essential in minimally invasive dentistry (MID). The present study compared the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars with MOD cavities restored with composite resin, fiber-reinforced composite resin, and composite restorations with cusp coverage. Methods:Forty-eight sound, extracted maxillary premolars were divided into four groups: group 1: intact teeth; in the other groups, MOD cavities were prepared (buccolingual: 3 mm, occlusal depth: 4 mm, gingival floor: 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and axial depth: 1.5 mm); group 2: cavities restored using the incremental method with composite resin; group 3: after placing polyethylene fiber buccolingually in the pulp floor and extending it up to 2 mm of the buccal and lingual walls, restoration was performed; group 4: buccal and palatal cusps were reduced by 2 mm, and restoration was performed similar to group 2. After 24 hours of storage and thermocycling, the specimens were load-cycled. The fracture types were classified as favorable and unfavorable. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey tests, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results:The fracture resistance in groups 3 and 4 was similar to that of intact teeth. In group 2, the fracture resistance was significantly lower than in the other groups. The fracture type in the Ribbond group and intact teeth was similar (more favorable). Conclusion:Using Ribbond fiber and cusp coverage improved the fracture resistance of MOD restorations. Ribbond fiber resulted in a fracture type similar to that of intact teeth.
Background:Accurate evaluation of the pulp condition is one of the greatest diagnostic challenges in pediatric dentistry. A comprehensive diagnosis of pulp status is achieved by integrating diagnostic data from multiple sources. Understanding the correlation and consistency among these various data points is important. This study aimed to determine the correlation between history-based, clinical, radiographic, and operative diagnoses. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 4‒8-year-old children attending the Department of Pediatric Dentistry for routine dental treatment between August 1, 2021 and July 7, 2022 were included. A total of 180 primary molars were clinically and radiographically evaluated, and their dental histories were recorded. The pulpal diagnosis was determined based on the dental history, clinical findings, and radiography. The operative diagnosis was determined during pulp therapy. Finally, the correlation was assessed by Spearman's correlation test. Results:The strongest correlation was observed between operative and radiographic diagnoses (r=0.831, P<0.001). Moreover, the correlations between clinical diagnosis and operative diagnosis and between clinical diagnosis and radiographic diagnosis were the weakest (r=0.556, P<0.001 and r=0.591, P<0.001, respectively). The correlation between the diagnosis based on history and operative diagnosis (r=0.676, P<0.001) was stronger than that with the clinical diagnosis (r=0.633, P<0.001) and radiographic diagnosis (r=0.656, P<0.001). Conclusion:The findings of this study underscore the importance of integrating multiple diagnostic approaches for an accurate assessment of pulp condition. Radiographic diagnosis demonstrated the strongest reliability in assessing the pulp status. Additionally, moderate correlations between clinical, history-based, and radiographic diagnoses indicate the need for a combined diagnostic strategy approach to achieve higher accuracy and effective treatment planning.
Background:The present in vitro study evaluated the camouflage effect of two treatments for white spot lesions (WSLs): remineralization with Mi Paste Plus© (GC Europe N.V.) and remineralization combined with a Scotchbond Multi-Purpose© (3M ESPE 2015) adhesive layer. Additionally, the study assessed the color stability of the treatments when exposed to a staining agent, such as coffee. Methods:Sixty extracted anterior and posterior teeth were preserved in saline solution and divided into two groups. Artificial WSLs were created using 37% orthophosphoric acid for 1 minute. Both groups underwent daily 6-hour remineralization treatments with Mi Paste Plus© for 14 days. In the second group, a thin adhesive layer was applied after remineralization. Color analysis was performed using an MHT SpectroShade Micro spectrophotometer at baseline (T1), after remineralization (T2), after adhesive application for group 2 (TR), and after immersion in coffee for 24 hours (T3). Color differences (ΔE) between healthy tissue and WSLs were assessed, with ΔE≤3.3 considered clinically acceptable. Data were analyzed using STATA 17 (P≤0.05). Results:ΔE analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in the camouflage effect in the adhesive-treated group (TR) compared to remineralization alone (T2). After coffee exposure (T3), ΔE values increased significantly in both groups, with higher values observed in the adhesive-treated group. Intragroup analyses indicated significant differences between T2 and T3, as well as TR and T3. Conclusion:The application of an adhesive system can be considered a valid option to improve the aesthetic outcome of a remineralization treatment; however, this approach carries the risk of resin staining over time.
Background. The present study aimed to assess the impact of staining drinks and repolishing on the color stability of a monochromatic composite resin. Methods. Eighty composite resin specimens (Omnichroma, Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan) were fabricated in stainless steel molds and cured with an LED light-curing device (Elipar, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). Initial color scores were recorded after immersion in artificial saliva for 24 hours. Subsequently, the specimens were exposed to staining drinks (artificial saliva, tea, detox drink, cherry juice, and coffee) for 4 days, followed by color score assessments. Final color measurements were obtained after repolishing with a composite resin polishing kit (CLEARFIL™ Twist DIA, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 16.0 (P<0.05). Results. Significant differences were found in staining intensity (ΔE1) between the groups; artificial saliva produced the fewest stains, whereas detox drinks produced the most. Nonetheless, no discernible variation was seen in the average ΔE1 and ΔE2 scores, indicating equivalent staining and discoloration. Color parameter shifts were noted in all the groups after staining and after repolishing. Staining drinks induced noticeable color changes, especially in the tea, detox drink, cherry juice, and coffee groups. Repolishing resulted in minor color changes but did not fully restore the original appearance. Conclusion. ΔE scores after staining and after repolishing composite resins were similar, indicating that restoration color returned to its original state after polishing as much as after staining. Immediate replacement of stained restorations may not be needed; this study recommends repolishing before considering replacement.
Background. Integrating nanoparticles with herbal medicine can enhance drug efficacy and leverage natural antimicrobial properties, addressing concerns related to drug side effects and microbial resistance. Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, key oral pathogens responsible for dental caries and candidiasis, pose significant clinical challenges. This study investigated the potential of Ferula gummosa-based nanoparticles in combating the oral pathogens S. mutans and C. albicans. Methods. In this in vitro study, F. gummosa essential oil was extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A nanogel incorporating this oil was formulated with chitosan and tripolyphosphate (TPP). The physicochemical properties of the nanogel were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. mutans, and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against C. albicans were determined through microdilution assays. Results. The major constituents of F. gummosa essential oil were identified as γ-cadinene (20.44%), T-cadinol (12.03%), sabinene (10.23%), and β-pinene (9.77%). The nanogel demonstrated efficient oil encapsulation, with an average nanoparticle size of 128.89±24.08 nm and a PDI of 0.226. The zeta potential of the nanoparticles increased upon oil incorporation. The MIC against S. mutans was 19.02 μg/mL for the nanogel and 781.25 μg/mL for the oil, while the MIC against C. albicans was 2.37 μg/mL for the nanogel and 195.31 μg/mL for the oil. MBC and MFC assays confirmed the enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of the nanogel. Conclusion. F. gummosa essential oil exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal properties. Formulating the oil into a nanostructure significantly enhanced its efficacy against S. mutans and C. albicans, presenting a promising alternative antimicrobial strategy.
Background. Previous studies have reported inconsistent results on the relationship between the number of teeth and all-cause mortality. There are several confounding factors in this relationship, especially age. We investigated the relationship between the number of teeth and all-cause mortality among residents in Mashhad, Iran. Methods. Of 9704 participants of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) study conducted in this cohort study, 395 participants were randomly recruited for dental examination. Baseline characteristics, including age, sex, and status of marriage, employment, and education, were collected for all the participants. The number of teeth was recorded by a dentist who also undertook a full dental examination. Individuals were followed up every three years, over 10 years, for the incidence of death. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20, and a P value of<0.05 was considered significant. The effect of confounders was reduced using multivariate logistic regression. Results. Among 387 eligible participants, the mean age was 48.60±8.24 years, and most were female. The number of teeth was significantly related to age (P<0.001), marital status (P=0.002), and educational attainment (P=0.001). Over ten years of follow-up, 15 of the participants died. Among baseline variables, only age was significantly associated with death (P=0.008). The number of teeth was significantly associated with all-cause mortality after adjustment for age, sex and marital status, employment, and educational attainment (P=0.003, OR=0.926, 95% CI: 0.880‒0.974). Conclusion. Number of teeth is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, especially in older individuals.
Background. Several methods are used to replace lost teeth. This study aimed to reconstruct pre-maxillary conditions when a limited number of implants are available and investigate the biomechanics of the two methods available to dentists for use in these conditions (splinting natural teeth to implants and using a cantilever). Methods. This in vitro study involved the preparation of eight bridge samples, which were divided into two groups. Four healthy recently extracted central teeth with similar sizes and a maximum difference of 20% in root and crown length were selected as the dental abutments. After preparing the samples, the temporal retention of Temp Bond cement was evaluated using a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min for both samples. A digital torquemeter was used to measure the torque required to open the abutments before and after a fatigue test. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics software. Results. A comparison of two types of prostheses before and after periodic loading showed that the amount of torque for loosening the abutment screw before applying force was the same in the two types of splint prostheses and cantilever prostheses. However, after applying a 200-N force, the amount of torque in the splinted prosthesis (19.75±1.70) was significantly higher than that of the cantilever prosthesis (12.1±5.73) (P<0.05). Conclusion. Generally, dental implant prostheses exhibited better support in vitro compared to cantilever prostheses.
Background. This in vitro study compared the wear response of natural enamel when opposed to hybrid and conventional dental ceramic materials under both abrasive and erosive conditions. Methods. Eighty enamel specimens were prepared from bovine central incisors and divided into five groups based on the antagonist material used. Each group consisted of 16 specimens, with antagonists fabricated from four different aesthetic CAD/CAM block materials: VITA Enamic (VE), Lava Ultimate (LU), Lava Plus (LP), and VITA Mark II (VM), alongside natural enamel as a control. The specimens underwent 100000 wear cycles (49 N/2 Hz) under non-erosive and erosive conditions, simulating clinical scenarios. Enamel wear was quantified through weight loss measurements. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Games-Howell test, with a significance level set at α=0.05. Results. The study demonstrated significant variations in enamel wear when opposed to different dental ceramic materials under both erosive and non-erosive conditions (P<0.001 for both). The VM group exhibited the highest mean enamel wear across varying pH conditions (P=0.0104 and P=0.0900). Statistically significant differences in enamel weight loss were observed among all five groups under non-erosive conditions. However, erosive wear rates differed significantly between nearly all groups, except for comparisons between LU and VE (P=0.271) and LP and VM (P=0.180). Notably, mean enamel wear values were higher when specimens were exposed to acetic acid compared to non-erosive conditions (P<0.001 for all groups). Conclusion. Despite advancements in hybrid ceramic manufacturing, natural enamel wear remains significantly lower when opposed to these materials compared to conventional ceramics. Hybrid ceramics exhibited reduced wear potential compared to feldspathic and zirconia ceramics, underscoring their clinical relevance.
Background. This in vitro experimental study evaluated the color stability and effect of bleaching and re-polishing Gaenial, nanohybrid veneering composite resin material, following immersion in saffron, turmeric, and black pepper solutions. Methods. Sixty disk-shaped composite resin samples were prepared and randomly assigned to four groups (n=15). The samples were immersed in saffron, turmeric, and black pepper solutions for seven days. Color parameters were assessed using a spectrophotometer before immersion and after seven days. Following immersion, one side of each sample underwent a bleaching treatment, while the opposite side was re-polished. Two-way ANOVA and independent t-test were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the bleaching and re-polishing procedures to remove stains from the composite resin samples. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 17. Results. The groups exhibited statistically significant differences (P<0.001). Turmeric solution showed the highest discoloration compared to the other two solutions, followed by saffron, with black pepper demonstrating the least stainability. In the saffron group, no statistically significant difference was observed between the bleaching and re-polishing treatments (P=0.06). Conversely, in the turmeric and black pepper groups, there were statistically significant differences between bleaching and re-polishing (P<0.001). In the control group, no statistically significant difference was found between the bleaching and re-polishing treatments (P=0.378). Conclusion. The effectiveness of bleaching and re-polishing varied across the groups. In both the turmeric and black pepper groups, bleaching was more effective in reducing discoloration than re-polishing. Conversely, no statistically significant difference was found between bleaching and re-polishing treatments in the saffron group.
Background. The development of early metastases due to the high vascularization and lymphatic drainage of the oral cavity, followed by delayed diagnosis, results in a worse prognosis of oral melanomas. The present study aimed to determine the survival of oral melanoma in different periods and analyze its prognostic factors. Methods. A search for studies on survival and prognostic factors of oral melanoma was performed in the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus. The estimation of the pooled proportion was carried out with the generic inverse variance method, using the standard error (SE) of the proportion. For dichotomous outcomes, the estimates of the effects of the intervention were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) using the Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) method, all with 95% confidence intervals. Results. Thirty-eight studies that considered 3767 oral melanoma patients were included in this meta-analysis. Overall survival (OS) decreased from 58% at two years to 42% at three years and 29% at five years. Regarding prognostic factors, non-ulcerated oral melanomas with a high degree of pigmentation showed the best survival at 5 years. In contrast, oral tumor location and gender did not significantly affect oral melanoma survival. Conclusions. Oral melanoma has a low survival rate, with ulcerated and poorly pigmented tumors having the worst prognosis.
Background. Innovations in smartphone technology have transformed diagnostics in healthcare. In orthodontics, these applications can serve as potential diagnostic tools. The present study analyzed the accuracy of two smartphone-based face scanners compared to a standard CBCT-based facial scanner and evaluated scanning duration, user experience, and preferences for orthodontic diagnostics. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 15 individuals aged 18–25 years. Each participant was scanned with a CBCT-based scanner (group 1), SureScan 3D App (group 2), and QLone App (group 3). Accuracy was assessed by superimposing scans using MeshLab and Geomagic Control X software. Scanning duration was recorded. Additionally, 30 orthodontists completed a questionnaire to evaluate user experience with face scans. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests compared the accuracy and scanning duration, respectively, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess region-based reproducibility. P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results. Smartphone-based apps showed overall accuracy comparable to the conventional scanner (P=0.765). SureScan 3D had the lowest mean error (1.53±0.24 mm). In region-based superimposition, the cheeks and forehead had high reproducibility, followed by the nose with moderate and the perioral area with poor reproducibility. Significant differences in scanning duration were observed (P=0.001), with SureScan 3D having the shortest scanning time (52.80±4.17 seconds) and 93.3% of orthodontists viewed facial scans as a substitute for photographs, though 53.3% still preferred photographs. Conclusion. Smartphone face scanning applications offer accuracy comparable to standard scanners with reduced scanning times. They provide a cost-efficient and reliable alternative to traditional scanners for orthodontic documentation.
Background. This study was designed to compare the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) on the immediate implants placed in previously infected sites. Methods. A total of 210 patients were included in this randomized clinical trial. The remaining tooth was extracted, and the periapical lesion was removed. Then, PRF and CGF were placed in the socket in the PRF and CGF groups, respectively. No intervention was performed in the control group. The implant was inserted and sutured. Postoperative pain was measured using VAS. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), buccal and proximal gingival esthetic index (GEI-B and GEI-P), crestal bone level, periapical lesion size, and Implant Health Scale (IHS) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18 using one-way ANOVA, Tukey, and repeated measures test at 0.05 significance level. Results. The mean BOP and pain in each period were significantly higher in the control group than in the PRF and CGF groups and in the PRF group than in the CGF group (P=0.001 and P<0.001). In the PRF, CGF, and control groups, pain had a decreasing trend (P=0.010, P<0.001, and P=0.001); PI had a significant increasing trend (P=0.034, P<0.001, and P<0.001); crestal bone level had a significant increasing trend (P=0.023, P=0.033, and P<0.001); and the size of periapical lesion had a significant decreasing trend (P=0.004, P=0.002, and P=0.048). The IHS showed optimum health after two years in the PRF and CGF groups. Optimum health, satisfactory survival, and compromised survival were reported in the control group. Conclusion. PRF and CGF guaranteed the successful osseointegration of immediate implants in previously infected sites. CGF and PRF positively affected the soft tissue and hard tissue around the immediate implants. CGF had more promising effects than PRF.
Background. The study investigated the association between vitamin D levels during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and the eruption time of the first primary tooth. Other possible confounders were also assessed, like infants’ birth weight and length and feeding practices. Understanding these factors is crucial for prenatal care strategies to optimize dental development. Methods. Our prospective cohort study recruited 120 mother‒infant pairs. The data on maternal plasma levels of vitamin D during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy were obtained from mothers’ medical records. The eruption times of the first primary teeth were recorded during regular oral examinations of the infants. A multiple linear regression model was developed to analyze the relationship between maternal vitamin D levels and the teething time. Results. No significant correlation was found between maternal vitamin D levels during the first and second trimesters and the time of the first tooth eruption (P=0.594 and P=0.722). However, birth weight had a significant inverse relationship (P=0.042), indicating that higher birth weight resulted in earlier first tooth eruption. Conclusion. The association between maternal vitamin D levels and the time of tooth eruption remains uncertain. However, birth weight is an important determinant of the timing of deciduous tooth eruption, demonstrating a significant inverse relationship. The study’s clinical relevance lies in its contribution to understanding complex prenatal factors that may influence tooth eruption timing, informing healthcare providers about the importance of monitoring birth weight and other potential determinants.
