ABSTRACT China's poverty alleviation resettlement (PAR) programme provides an opportunity to examine how state‐led population redistribution reshapes rural household livelihoods. Drawing on 186,705 household‐year observations from Fuping County eastern China, between 2014 and 2022, we estimate a two‐way fixed‐effects difference‐in‐differences model and conduct robustness checks that account for staggered treatment timing. PAR improves access to several public services but increases the distance between homes and cultivated land. It is associated with an approximately 1.1% increase in household per‐capita net income. Mechanism‐consistent estimates indicate that PAR increases non‐agricultural employment, with the employment response concentrated within the resettlement township rather than at more distant locations. PAR also increases the annual duration of non‐agricultural employment. Income gains are larger among female‐headed households and households with skilled workers, but smaller among households with higher shares of older members. Income outcomes also vary by resettlement destination and type of post‐relocation support. By distinguishing sectoral labour reallocation from geographical labour mobility, the study shows how state‐led population redistribution can facilitate economic mobility through highly localised labour‐market integration without necessarily increasing long‐distance migration. It contributes to population geography by demonstrating that the developmental consequences of relocation depend on how access to employment, services and productive land is reorganised, as well as on households’ differing capacities to take advantage of these opportunities. Our findings demonstrate that PAR achieves spatial restructuring, labor reallocation, livelihood strategy reshaping, and livelihood sustainability, and represents an important initiative for eliminating long‐term (chronic) poverty resulting from geo‐environmental constraints.
ABSTRACT This article examines how unequal legal, economic, and mobility conditions shape homemaking among Eritrea's contemporary ‘generation of asylum.’ Drawing on 160 survey responses and 13 in‐depth interviews, it compares Eritreans living in first‐asylum settings in Uganda and Ethiopia, categorised as OAUE, with those living in European destination settings in Italy and Sweden, categorised as OEUIS. The findings show that political estrangement from the Eritrean state can coexist with enduring affective attachment to Eritrea, while participants’ capacities to establish home in their countries of residence vary substantially. The comparison identifies a ‘proximity paradox’: participants living geographically closer to Eritrea in OAUE may experience weaker host‐country belonging than those living farther away in OEUIS because of greater legal insecurity, restricted mobility, and constrained economic opportunities. These inequalities can also stratify transnational homemaking. Regional cities, weddings and family reunions can provide temporary homing through cultural continuity and familial connection, but access to these spaces is unevenly enabled by travel documentation and economic security. Aspirations for return are similarly conditional on political and legal change rather than expressions of nostalgia alone. The article contributes to migration and diaspora scholarship by conceptualising temporary homing as a provisional and unequally accessible process shaped by migrants’ positions within unequal mobility regimes.
ABSTRACT Recent research on rural im/mobility has shown that leaving, staying and returning are meaningful life‐course processes rather than residual outcomes of migration. Building on this discussion, this article develops the concept of rural im/mobility scripts to examine the normative mobility pathways and meanings attached to leaving, staying and returning. These scripts are historically and spatially constituted, but are also reworked through biographical experience as conditions change. Drawing on life‐history interviews with 28 rural returnees and stayers in Yunlin and Chiayi, Taiwan, most born between 1971 and 1990, the analysis identifies 3 interrelated processes across the life course. First, during adolescence, participants inherited a taken‐for‐granted outmigration script in which leaving was highly institutionalised through educational expansion, parental expectations, urban success imaginaries and the devaluation of rural work, yet often weakly planned in practice. Second, in adulthood, they re‐legitimated staying and returning through locally grounded mobility, using transport, commuting, digital platforms, cross‐place markets and skills acquired elsewhere to build adequate lives and pursue local achievement from their hometowns. Third, as parents, they translated their own im/mobility experiences into a conditional expectation of self‐directed mobility for the next generation: children should know their hometown, see the world and ultimately decide whether to leave, stay and return. Following one generation from youth into parenthood, this article shows that rural im/mobility scripts are revised across the life course and translated into expectations for the next generation.
ABSTRACT Older adults' community mobility reflects both spatial and relational aspects of aging in place within urban environments. To capture this duality, we introduce a home‐centric place network framework that links the home to community destinations older adults routinely visit. The spatial dimension is measured using standard movement metrics, while the relational dimension is defined as opportunities for social encounters (sociability) and operationalized as the overlap of neighbors' routine activities across community places. We tested this framework by collecting two waves of GIS‐based mobility data and an online survey from 64 community‐dwelling older adults in Shanghai, a rapidly aging megacity, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results showed that older adults' place networks were diverse, but both the frequency of out‐of‐home visits and sociability declined sharply following a major outbreak. Those who were more mobile and sociable before the outbreak experienced greater reductions, and sociability was associated with more negative expectations. As social places became associated with higher infection risk, the pandemic fundamentally altered the relational meaning of community mobility. Overall, our findings demonstrate that a home‐centric place network framework deepens population geography by linking physical mobility, social encounters, and the emotional well‐being of older adults.
ABSTRACT Although many studies examine family patterns among immigrants and how these differ from those in the native population, a migration‐focused perspective investigating how partnerships and childbearing trajectories intersect throughout the migration process remains scarce. Applying multichannel sequence analysis to retrospective data from the 2018 Spanish Fertility Survey, this study simultaneously analysed changes in women's partnerships and fertility behaviour around the time of migration and explored how these patterns differed by migrant origin. The pattern of family‐related migration revealed a substantial increase in cohabitation and first births shortly after migration. Cluster analysis identified five typical family trajectories among immigrant women. Multinomial logistic regression models were then used to examine how these trajectories were associated with immigrant origins. Contrary to expectations, the results did not show significant differences in these family trajectories by country of origin, except for the Early Marriage and Fertility Transitions and Single Motherhood pathways . These findings provide comprehensive insights into the interdependencies among family life domains during the migration process.
