Mental and nerve-based problems are a serious public health challenge around the world, especially in developing countries where cultural factors and limited access to standard healthcare have led to a reliance on traditional medicines. However, ethno related to medical drugs description of traditional medicines used to treat these sicknesses is missing. Recently, more attention has been focused on the herbal creation in the field of drug discovery. Therefore, we did a long review about herbal drugs and plants that showed serving or acting to prevent harm effects on neuropathic pain. In the review, the effects of individual plant in different neuropathic pain model, whether it is in animals or in patients are reported.
Visual neurobiology could be a branch of neuroscience that focuses on the sensory system of the human body, in the main placed within the brain' visual cortex. The main goal of visual neurobiology is to grasp however neural activity ends up in visual perception, also as behaviors addicted to vision.
To know, learn and understand how the healthy brain functions biologically and what occurs in brain disease; neurobiologists use many microscopy techniques, ranging from whole-brain human MRIs to imaging within one single brain cell for producing good images in the process.
The delivery of quality health services that answer the wants and preferences of individuals, at each the population and individual level, is that the initial part of PHC. Services cowl the total time from health promotion and sickness bar to treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care and are delivered at individual or population level, as applicable.
Aniridia is a rare congenital disorder distinguished by the complete or partial absence of the iris. This panocular condition presents with a range of eye abnormalities, each to differing extents, such as cataract formation, keratopathy, and foveal and/or optic nerve hypoplasia [1,2]. Common symptoms such as cataracts may be clinically addressed by topical medication or surgical intervention [2]. However, there are no treatments available to reverse neural loss, which is most critical for vision [1-3]. Of particular importance are retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), neurons that project axons to form the optic nerve, and transmit visual information from the eye to central brain structures [4]. About 90% of aniridia patients were found to have underdeveloped fovea, the portion of the retina responsible for acute central vision, and recent data also suggests nerve fiber reduction throughout the retina [5,6]. Similarly, in a rodent model of aniridia, flat-mounted retinas show one-third fewer Brn3a-expressing RGCs than wildtype controls [7]. Optic nerve hypoplasia and associated retinal nerve fiber layer thinning have also been reported in approximately 10% of aniridia patients and may occur independently of foveal hypoplasia [8,9]. In both instances, patients suffer from varying degrees of vision loss [10].
In general my whole presentation is going to be about community health. The home based health care service is a new phenomenon in our country. The service that we provide includes physical health care and behavioural health care. The home based health care helps our country in so many aspects. For example on the economical aspect we are creating a job opportunities for fresh graduates students. They could get more exposer in the working environment so there could develop their experience. On the social aspect we decrease family burden so they could resume their day to day life. Also their love ones who are sick at home will get a professional help they need. On the other hand we decrease the burden of hospitals. Most of the patients that our organization provides the service for are elderly and chronically ill. They have stayed in the hospital for the longest period. Then when they are discharged to their home their family doesn’t have the wright education so those people have to go back to the hospital. This will increase the burden of the hospital so by provide a quality home based health care service we are changing that. We are also working on women empowerment. By default the burden of taking care of a family member when they are sick or old is given to women in the family. So to do that they quit their job and should stay at home. Our service prevent that by providing the health professional so that women should not quite there job and sacrifice their life. On the other hand more that 80% of our employees are women. We create more working opportunities for women because empowering women is empowering generation. The service that we provide is in general palliative care. Also in additional we give training to the health care providers. So we are also working on the prevention part of the communicate health and maximize the health education. By increasing that we could improve the quality of life. Combining the prevention and palliative part also collaborating and partnering with hospitals and other health sectors we are giving a holistic service at home. What will audience learn from your presentation? i?§ Share our experience how we can solve limited access of home based health care service and challenge of get job access for medical college graduate student i?§ Learn how country benefit from home based health care service, economic, social and so Maximize health education, work prevention and give holistic service at home also integrated behavioral health care and physical health care
Nurses play an integral part in hospitals by performing multiple roles in their day to day activities, from direct patient care to patient education and maintaining medical records and so on. They face several challenges and issues which may affect their physical health and may end up in getting various health problems. Objective: To assess the treatment seeking behaviour among the nursing personnel. Material and method: A cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre of India. 1584 nursing personnel were enrolled in the study. A validated survey Proforma was used to collect the data. Ethical aspects were given due consideration. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics
Students have indicated that they find the decision of where to go for elective placement difficult as they do not have enough information on what placements are available or even what type of nursing/ learning environment they would be working in. One area that students find especially difficult to identify learning opportunities is the perioperative environment. Apart from the lack of knowledge regarding learning opportunities, the uniform worn by staff and the highly technical equipment can be daunting and can often perturb a student from pursuing this placement experience further. In response to this problem we created a software application that showcased what this sometimes alien environment looks like and the equipment and staff that work there could potentially allay student fears and anxiety. The creation of an app could potentially promote the theatre environment as a learning opportunity for students to explore and learn in as well as allay the fears and anxieties felt by student’s prior to placement commencing. Clinical Practice colleagues were also keen to explore the promotion of this area to our nursing student population with the aim of promoting post registration job applications to this area. This presentation will discuss the project development of a theatre placement app following a logic model approach
Assessing cancer treatment-related symptoms is challenging for frontline telephone-triage nurses toggling multiple electronic health record (EHR) screens for information on toxicity-risk predictors while simultaneously providing over-the-phone emotional support. Decision-support tools embedded into computertelephone interface software, called smartphrases, are not widely used nor empirically evaluated for usability and impact on remote symptom management. This presentation describes process and outcomes of designing and evaluating a telephone-triage smartphrase embedded into the EMR of a Northeast multi-site cancer center serving 14,000 patients. Using a 6-step collaborative translatingresearch-to-practice model as process, Task-Technology-Fit Theory guided nurse/patient outcome evaluation. Analysis of repeated-measures using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, hierarchical regressions constructed the full variety of outcomes (p<.05). Smartphrase usability and utilization increased, nursing documentation time decreased, and selfperceived effects on job performance increased for lessexperienced oncology nurses from pre-to-6-month-post implementation. Analysis of patient outcomes of 375 telephone-triaged calls at each of five data-collection points found patient satisfaction on managing chemotherapy side effects, fatigue, and perceived safety/security improved significantly 6 months following smartphrase integration. Evidence-based approaches to standardize telephone-triage symptom assessment, well-embedded into practice, documented in the EHR, highly reliable, sustainable, and widely disseminated show promise for enhancing patient/family engagement, and improving job performance in novice tele-triage oncology nurses
Formal nursing education in Nepal started only in 1972 when the Tribhuvan University opened few nursing schools under public sector in Institute of Medicine, increased in number to reach 277 now, of which more than 95% are private sector across the country. Growing number of nursing schools as the result of increasing demands of prospective nurses in Nepal.Hundreds of girls every year even go to neighbor countries indicating higher demand of nursing education. Since the last 10-15 years, nursing education has been a heartthrob of most of the Nepalese female students. Moreover, demand of welltrained nurses is ever increasing globally. The purpose of this study is to assess the perceived quality of nursing education, access to nursing education, motivating and de-motivating factors for the nursing profession, job opportunities inside and outside countries etc.We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of registered nurses in Nepal withsimplified technique using self-reported questionnaire to collect data from those who are willing to participate to the study. There are 277 nursing schools in Nepal, producing 10,000 nurses per year, making available 90,000 registered nurses so far for the job market. However, government sector can hardly provide 16000 nursing jobs, with few hundred nursing job turnover per year. Only highly competent prospective students mostly graduated from private English schools, can get through the competitive nursing entrance examination, where theyprefer to go abroad for a job
It is urgent to find the appropriate technology for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the unknown AD etiopathologies that bring about serious social problems. Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has pivotal importance in delaying or preventing the AD onset. Herein, we utilize deep learning (DL) techniques for the purpose of multiclass classification between normal control, MCI, and AD subjects. We used multi-categorical data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) including brain imaging measurements, cognitive test results, cerebrospinal fluid measures, ApoE4 status, and age. We achieved an overall accuracy of 87.197% for our artificial neural network classifier and a similar overall accuracy of 88.275% for our 1D convolutional neural network classifier. We conclude that DL-based techniques are powerful tools in analyzing ADNI data although further method refinements are needed.
Aims: To develop a consensus on which upper limb treatment approach is appropriate for children with unilateral USCP and to formulate a practical guideline for clinical reasoning based on the criteria of functional therapy. Method: The FuncRehab-Cycle, coreset of tests, specific therapy components and ICF is used as a framework for clinical reasoning to enable choices for specific functional therapy approaches in upper limb treatment. Results: Practical guideline for clinical reasoning based on criteria of functional therapy was developed to make choices between Modified CIMT, Hybrid-CIMT, BIMT or BoNT-A and BIMT or functional bimanual strength training. Conclusions: Consensus was reached to realize a framework for clinical reasoning as a guidance for BIMT and H-CIMT, but not for M-CIMT and treatment options prior to BIMT or H-CIMT Aims: To develop a consensus on which upper limb treatment approach is appropriate for children with unilateral USCP and to formulate a practical guideline for clinical reasoning based on the criteria of functional therapy. Method: The FuncRehab-Cycle, coreset of tests, specific therapy components and ICF is used as a framework for clinical reasoning to enable choices for specific functional therapy approaches in upper limb treatment. Results: Practical guideline for clinical reasoning based on criteria of functional therapy was developed to make choices between Modified CIMT, Hybrid-CIMT, BIMT or BoNT-A and BIMT or functional bimanual strength training. Conclusions: Consensus was reached to realize a framework for clinical reasoning as a guidance for BIMT and H-CIMT, but not for M-CIMT and treatment options prior to BIMT or H-CIMT as a very helpful decision tool in rehabilitation.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of sleep disturbances on subsequent depressive symptomatology among a representative sample of patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Within a retrospective cohort design, our sample included 305 individuals from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot (TRACK-TBI Pilot; NINDS-OD09-004) database. At 3-months post-TBI, symptoms of insomnia were reported by 34% of patients, and symptoms of hypersomnia were reported by 39% of patients. For the vast majority of individuals, sleep complaints were likely to persist through 6-month follow-up. Symptoms of hypersomnia but not insomnia at three months were associated with worsened depressive symptomatology at six months. These results highlight the importance of sleep disturbances in recovery from TBI and suggest targeted sleep treatments as a pathway to improve outcomes and quality of life following TBI.
Metastatic brain tumors are the most common brain tumors in adults. With numerous successful advancements in systemic treatment of most common cancer types, brain metastasis is becoming increasingly important in the overall prognosis of cancer patients. Brain metastasis of peripheral tumor is the result of complex interplay of primary tumor, immune system and central nervous system microenvironment. Once formed, brain metastases hide behind the blood brain barrier and become inaccessible to chemotherapies that are otherwise successful in targeting systemic cancer. The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors for several common cancers such as advanced melanoma and lung cancers brings with it the opportunity and obligation to further understand the mechanisms of immunosuppression by tumors that spread to the brain as well as the interaction between the brain environment and tumor microenvironment. In this review paper we define the central role of the immune system in the development of brain metastases. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature to outline the molecular mechanisms of immunosuppression used by tumors and how the immune system interacts with the central nervous system to facilitate brain metastasis. In particular we discuss the tumor-type-specific mechanisms of metastasis of cancers that preferentially metastasize to the brain as well as the therapies that effectively modulate the immune response, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines.
BACKGROUND:The presence of Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) in the absence of objective change and the inflammatory biomarker Alpha 2 Macroglobulin (A2M) have both been implicated in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Mexican Americans are population with high rates of cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders.OBJECTIVES:The current study investigated the levels of A2M in cognitively normal Mexican Americans with and without complaints of cognitive decline.METHOD:293 (243 females, 50 males) community-based cognitively normal older Mexican Americans from the ongoing Health and Aging Brain among Latino Elders (HABLE) study were grouped based on subjective cognitive decline and blood samples were assayed by electrochemiluminescence to determine levels of A2M.RESULTS:Participants with SCD had significantly higher levels of A2M than those without SCD. Females with SCD had a significantly higher level of A2M.CONCLUSIONS:Results suggest that higher levels of A2M, a marker of neuronal injury, may be involved in subtle changes in cognitive functioning recognizable to persons reporting SCD but too subtle to be objectively measured. Longitudinal research is needed to assess the impact of SDC and A2M in progression to MCI and dementia in Mexican Americans.
Mechanisms mediating protective effects of dietary restriction during aging are of great interest since activating such mechanisms protect against a wide range of age-related diseases. In mammals key metabolic responses to nutritional deprivation are mediated by the transcription factor PPAR-alpha, which is activated by free fatty acids and promotes lipid metabolism while inhibiting glucose metabolism. The C. elegans gene nhr-49 appears to function similarly in C. elegans. Here we report that protective effects of dietary restriction and inhibition of glucose metabolism to increase lifespan wild-type C. elegans and reduce toxicity in a polyQ model of Huntington's disease in C. elegans are dependent on NHR-49 and its co-activator CREB-Binding Protein (CBP). We have previously demonstrated that inhibition of cbp blocks protective effects of dietary restriction and blocks the molecular switch from glucose metabolism to alternative substrates. Conversely, increased glucose concentration and inhibition of cbp reduce lifespan and increase proteotoxicity. Lactate and inhibition of ETC complex II mimicked toxic effects of glucose on proteotoxicity whereas pyruvate and inhibition of ETC complex I protected against glucose-enhanced proteotoxicity. These results support that PPAR-alpha-like activity mediates protective effects of dietary restriction by reducing glucose metabolism via reducing production of NADH, and corroborate and extend recent studies demonstrating that PPPAR-alpha agonists increase lifespan in C. elegans dependent on NHR-49.
We investigated the contribution of blood vessel formation and neuronal excitability to the development of functional neural circuitry in larval zebrafish by analyzing oculomotor performance in response to visual and vestibular stimuli. To address the dependence of neuronal function on the presence of blood vessels, we compared wild type embryos to reck and cloche mutants that lacked intracerebral blood vessels. To test how neuronal excitability impacts neuronal development and intracerebral vascularization, we blocked neural activity using Tetraodotoxin (TTX) and Tricaine. In reck mutants, we found both slow phase horizontal tracking and fast phase resets with only a slightly reduced amplitude and bandwidth. Spontaneous saccades, eye position holding and vestibular gravitoinertial induced eye rotation were also present. All of these behaviors except for visual tracking were observed in cloche mutants that lacked any head vasculature. Thus, numerous oculomotor neuronal circuits spanning the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain compartments, ending in motor innervations of the eye muscles, were correctly formed and generated appropriate oculomotor behaviors without blood vessels. However, our observations indicate that beginning at approximately six days, circulation was required for sustained behavioral performance. We further found that blocking neuronal excitability with either TTX or Tricaine up to 4-5 days post fertilization did not noticeably interfere with intracerebral blood vessel formation in wild type larvae. After removal of drug treatments, the oculomotor behaviors returned within hours. Thus, development of neuronal circuits that drive oculomotor performance does not require neuronal spiking or activity. Together these findings demonstrate that neither vascularization nor neuronal excitability are essential for the formation of numerous oculomotor nuclei with intricately designed connectivity and signal processing. We conclude that a genetic blueprint specifies early larval structural and physiological features, and this developmental strategy may be viewed as a unique adaptation required for early survival.
The study of juvenile social play behavior has gained popularity due to the disruption of social behaviors in several psychiatric illnesses. In contrast to many tests currently utilized in animal models of psychiatric illness, juvenile social play behavior is part of the normal behavioral repertoire in the laboratory rat and can be observed in a controlled setting but without evocation by the experimenter. Understanding sources of naturally occurring differences in the juvenile social play behavior of the rat is a fundamental first step to guide future research on identifying factors that disrupt this behavior. One of the most commonly found variations is a sex difference, with male rats displaying higher levels of rough-and-tumble play behavior relative to females. This sex difference is also observed in human play. In our recent paper published in , we investigated how the sex and familiarity of the play partner can impact different components of rough-and-tumble play behavior (pouncing, pinning, boxing, and chasing) and the observation of sex differences within each of these components. Our findings suggest that juvenile male rough-and-tumble play behavior is impacted by the sex of their play partner, while females are more sensitive to the familiarity of their play partner. In this review, we discuss our recent findings and provide a comprehensive comparison of methodology and the reporting of sex differences in the literature on this topic.
Stroke data on 157,639 incident stroke hospitalization in Scotland between 1986-2005 were obtained from Information Service Division Unit of Scotland. Monthly as well as seasonal variations in the frequency of incident stroke and its subtypes were evaluated by using Chi square goodness of fit test. Overall incident strokes show statically significant monthly (P < 0 .001; highest, December 9.0% and lowest : September 7.7%) variations. Depending upon stroke subtypes monthly variation was in the incident strokes frequency for ICH (December : 9.1% ; September : 7.7 %), IS (December; 8.8% ; September : 7.9%) and NS (December: 9.2 % ; September : 7.6 %). No statistically significant monthly variation was observed for subarachnoid haemorrhage. Factors promoting hypercoagulable state seem to be responsible for high frequency of incident stroke.
