Background: Different parts of Lannea acida A. Rich (fam: Anarcadiaceae) are used traditionally to treat various ailments including inflammation, facial pain, schistosomiasis, haemorrhoids and toothache.Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of an aqueous extract of the stem bark of Lannea acida.Methodology: Rats were given sub-plantar injection of prostaglandin E2 to induce oedema, which was measured using calipers over 21/2 hours at 30 min interval. In the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test, mice were given intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid and writhing movements were recorded. Oedema test was run for both prophylactic and curative protocols. In both paw oedema and writhing test models, inhibitory effects of the plant extract were compared with diclofenac.Results: Aqueous extract (30 - 300 mg/kg) of Lannea acida stem bark significantly reduced prostaglandin E2-induced paw oedema in both prophylactic and curative protocols. The extract also significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing movement in Imprint Control Region (ICR) mice.Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Lannea acida stem bark inhibited prostaglandin E2-induced paw oedema in rats and acetic acid-induced writhing behaviour in ICR mice; indicating a possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
Aim: This study was designed to investigate the bioactive spice to determine its activity against some selected human bacterial pathogens. The spice studied was Ocimum gratissimum (clove basil). Place and Duration of study: Microbiology laboratory of Bells University of Technology between October, 2016 to July, 2017. Methodology: The plant extracts was tested for their activity against Staphylococcus species, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from microorganism bank of Bells University of Technology. Antibacterial activity was carried out using agar diffusion method while agar dilution method was employed for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results: The findings of this study showed that the spice contained phytochemicals which made it active against the tested microorganisms. Hot water extract was more active against all tested isolates with MIC of 5.0 mg/ml against Klebsiella pneumoniae to 10 mg/ml against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Zone of inhibition was between 18 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis and 31 mm for Proteus mirabilis. Conclusion: Ocimum gratissimum has a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested isolates and thus has a potential as a source of natural drugs. However, in vivo studies are recommended.
Introduction: The well-being and satisfaction with life are two indicators of mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being, and coping strategies with stress in female basketball athletes in Tehran.Methods and Materials: Among all women basketball athletes in Tehran in 2016, two-hundred and fifty women were randomly selected. All samples completed Lazarus and Folkman coping strategies questionnaire, Ryff Psychological well-being Questionnaire and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression inSpss-22.Results: The results confirmed the hypothesis of this study and suggested a significant positive relationship between the components of mindfulness and psychological well-being, and coping with stress strategies (p<0.01).Conclusion: There was a significant positive relationship between components of mindfulness and psychological well-being, and coping strategies with stress.
Background: Drug industry is considered as the second profitable industry in the world and plays an important role in global economy. The sharp annual growth in drug expenditures imposes heavy loads on the health insurance organizations as a major part of these costs are covered by these companies. Covering a drug by health insurance companies not only reduces the out of pocket costs of patients, but also increases probability of prescribing the covered drug by physicians. Consequently this generally ends to an increase in pharmaceutical sales volume. This enables the health insurance companies to negotiate a lower price with pharmaceutical companies.Methods: In this study, the effect of insurance coverage of a list of drugs in Iran on increase of their sale volume as well as the reduction in their price has been evaluated. The SPSS software used to assess the trend of numerical, monetary sales and price of the insured drugs compared to non-insured medicines in a cross-sectional study. Paired tests (Student t test and Wilcoxon test) with a significance level of 0.05<P were used to analyze data in the current study.Results: The achieved results showed that although the sale volume of the insured drugs were increased during the investigated period, this was the same for non-insured drugs as well, However, the prices of investigated insured drugs were reduced following covering by insurance companies while this was not the case for non-insured drugs.Conclusion: The results of this research can be used by policy-makers to have a better understanding of drug policies in Iran and by insurance organizations in order to evaluate consequences of adding drugs to their coverage list.
Pharmacognosy is a long established pharmaceutical science, which played a diverse role in the discovery, characterization, production and standardization of drugs. Molecular pharmacognosy using molecular biological tools has extended the scope of pharmacognostical science and plays an important role in the safe and efficient usage of crude drugs. So, these crude drugs are required to be authenticated. DNA Molecular profiling is an additional tool for quality control of herbal drugs as DNA is more basic component of living organisms, whereas chemical and phenotypic expression is controlled by arrangement and expression of genes in the DNA”. This novel approach has several significant advantages over morphological and chemical methods. It is possible to use DNA based identification methods to identify species and different constituents of an herbal medicines and transcriptomics, Review Article Butt et al.; JPRI, 20(6): 1-18, 2017; Article no.JPRI.38523 2 proteomics, metabolomics based methods for the functional analysis of key genes involved in synthesis of desired medicinal materials. It serves as a complementary tool to standardization of drugs.
Aims: An in-depth study on the phytochemical contents, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of stem tissue of Derris trifoliata Lour. (Fabaceae), a mangrove shrub from Sundarban estuary, India. Methodology: Phytochemical analyses were carried out using established methods for quantitative determination of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins. Antimicrobial potential of various extracts of D. trifoliata were evaluated by disc diffusion technique against two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans), two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) bacteria and one fungus (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The antioxidative efficacy was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. The tissue extracts were subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) separation and the fractions with antimicrobial and antioxidative properties were identified using TLC-bioautography. Results: Phytochemical analyses showed the presence of appreciable amount of phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. All the extracts have shown activity against B. subtilis and B. coagulans, among which the methanolic has been found to be most effective. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were found to be stable despite drastic pH and thermal treatments. The antioxidative property was also found to be quite appreciable and was considerably stable after thermal treatments. A number of the phytochemical fractions were found to possess antimicrobial/antioxidative properties when subjected to TLC-bioautography. Conclusion: The study suggests Derris trifoliata stem as a potential source of bioactive compounds with stable antimicrobial and antioxidative properties and can be used as natural antimicrobial/antioxidative agents in clinical, pharmaceutical and food processing industries.
Background: Dyslipidemia is partly dependent on consumption of edible oils. We set out to determine the atherogenic effects of commonedible oils in Nigeria, in male Wistar rats and to find out if administration of oral kolaviron amelioratedthese effects. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of two replicates. One replicate was fed test diet while second replicate was administered 100 mg/ ml of kolaviron four times weekly in addition to the test diet. Group one served as control and was fed on normal chow (NC) diet. The remaining five groups were fed different diets added to the NC as follows: non heated soya oil, heated soya oil, palm olein, palm stearin, heated palm oil respectively for a period of 12 weeks. Plasma lipids were determined at the end of the experimental period and their aortas were examined histopathologically. Results: Compared with controls, experimental groups had higher values of Total Cholesterol TC). There was a significant increase in TC in five times heated palm oil and five times heated soya oil groups compared with non heated soya oil, palm olein and palm stearin groups (P < 0.05). Palm olein group with no oral kolaviron had the highest percentage proportion of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, while the lowest was found in the palm stearin group with oral kolaviron. From our study, palm olein was the most atherogenic oil thanfive times heated palm oil, palm stearin, five times heated soya oil and non-heated soyaoil respectively. An early stage of atherosclerosis was found in the group fed on five times heated palm oil with no kolaviron. Conclusion: Consumption of edible oils commonly used locally, especially when repeatedly heated during frying, could lead to high levels of atherogenic lipids in the plasma while 100mg/kg of kolaviron could be beneficial.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the nephroprotective effect of Punica granatum peel (pomegranate) against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. The crude pomegranate peel (600 mg/kg) and methanolic pomegranate extract (600 mg/kg) for 7 days showed significant (p< 0.05) reduction in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, serum electrolytes, alkaline phosphatase and total anti-oxidant activity as compared to gentamicin (2.5 mg/kg for 7 days) treated group. There was non-significant (p> 0.05) increase in serum electrolytes, creatinine, urea, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, total anti-oxidant activity in prophylactic group receiving 600 mg/kg of methanolic pomegranate extract for 5 days followed by the administration of gentamicin (2.5 mg/kg) for 7 days as compared to normal group. The result obtained demonstrates that pomegranate peel crude and methanolic extract are potent nephroprotective agents and prophylactic use prevents nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin by decreasing oxidative stress in kidney.
Aim of This Review: Antitussives, more familiarly known as cough suppressants, are usually taken to suppress dry, irritating and patient-disturbing coughs. This review is an attempt to bring together some of the common medicinal plants traditionally used to manage respiratory disorders other than asthma. The review includes some information on traditional use of the plants as it relates to respiratory disorders, some chemistry and pharmacology in an attempt to ascertain their chemical composition and biological values, and so justify their uses.Study Approach: Information on the above was sourced from published articles and reviews on the subject available from various data bases and journals. Thirty-three medicinal plants drawn from twenty-two plant families were reviewed along with two natural products honey which always serve as vehicle for many plant medicines and bile.Findings: Table 1 gives a list of thirty-three plants used locally as antitussives. The various plant parts utilized in remedies include all the parts of the plant. The biochemistry and medicinal significance of tannins, terpenoids and essential oil components are now better appreciated in the management of respiratory disorders.Conclusion: Herbal antitussives not only suppress coughs, they always attempt to remove the respiratory disorders causing the coughs and thus make patients healthier. The use of medicinal plants remains a universal phenomenon; this review justifies the need for polyherbal formulations for use in the management of respiratory disorders.
The problem of antibiotic resistance is fast becoming a pandemic which has necessitated the need for new drugs discovery. This study was carried out to screen two green algal species-Bryopsis pennata and Chaetomorpha anteninna for antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant pathogenic enteric organisms (Morganella morganii and Salmonella species) obtained from healthy individuals. Algal samples were obtained and processed. Crude extraction was carried out with dichloromethane/methanol (2:1) while the antibacterial screening was done by agar-well diffusion method. Results revealed that M. morganii was 3.37% of the total isolates recovered while Salmonella species was 6.74%. Result also showed that C. antennina was active against all the strains of Salmonella species with inhibitory zones ranging from 10 mm to 17 mm and the M. morganii with inhibitory zone of 11 mm while B. pennata showed inhibitory activities against only S. pullorum and S. enterica subspecies diarizonae with inhibitory zones of 12 mm and 7 mm respectively as well as the M. morganii strain with 14 mm. The antibacterial activities observed from these green algae showed that Bryopsis pennata and Chaetomorpha antennina from the West African coast are promising in the quest for new drugs with potentials against multidrug resistant strains of bacteria and therefore should be intensely researched into.
Background: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is potentially curable disease of white blood cells (WBCs) especially granulocytes. Our objective was to evaluate comparative efficacy and safety of two chemotherapy protocols i.e. hyper-CVAD and MEC in patients with CML who were unresponsive to conventional therapies. Methods: A retrospective study was performed among 60 patients with blast crisis phase of myelogenous leukemia (CML) who are the candidates of allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) where half of the patients were treated with hyper-CVAD and half with MEC chemotherapy protocol. Data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical program for social sciences). Results: Both hyper-CVAD and MEC chemotherapy protocols produced a decrease in neutrophil and platelet count. Blast crisis is also associated with thrombocytopenia. So, these regimens further decrease the platelet count in blast crisis and their efficacy is questionable. Allogenic stem cell transplant is a better option and assessment of its effectiveness may be studied. In case of SGOT and SGPT, hyper-CVAD produced significant elevation whereas MEC effect was variable showing statistically insignificant elevation. Both protocols showed increase in the level of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. In case of efficacy parameters hyper-CVAD showed greater response than MEC protocol. Higher molecular response of 70% was found with hyper-CVAD as compared to 60% of MEC protocol. Cytogenetic response was also higher in hyper-CVAD group. Conclusion: Due to higher efficacy and tolerable toxicity profile of hyper-CVAD chemotherapy protocol, it can be considered as standard therapeutic option whereas MEC chemotherapy protocol can be reserved as an effective alternative in cases where the disease is less aggressive or less tolerable to hyper-CVAD. However, hepatic parameters must not be overlooked while considering any of these protocols and possible adjustments should be made accordingly.
Objective: The present study investigates the capability of preparing metronidazole loaded microspheres employing a natural chitosan extracted from oyster shells of Egeria radiata.Methods: Microspheres were prepared by external gelation technique using tripolyphosphate (TPP) as the cross-linker. The drug to polymer ratio was selected at various levels of polymer-drug quantities with varying amount of TPP. The prepared microspheres were characterized for % yield, drug entrapment efficiency, surface morphology and drug release profile.Results: Almost spherical, rough and porous microspheres were obtained. % yield and drug entrapment efficiency were found to be in the range of 63.5 - 70.8% and 63.4 - 77.5% respectively; and about 80% of the drug was released in about 6 hours.Conclusion: The results revealed that formulation of metronidazole loaded microspheres in natural chitosan from an oyster shell can be used as a potential oral drug delivery system.
Background: To make reimbursement decisions for orphan medicines the regulators need robust evidences for their efficacy and safety provided by systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orphan medicines included in the Positive Drug List (PDL) in Bulgaria through the application of meta-analysis. Methods: Internet based literature search in scientific databases such as Pub Med, ClinicalTrials. gov, EU Clinical Trials Register for the identification of all published clinical trials with orphan medicines Idursulfase, Sapropterin and Pasireotide was performed. The technological Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram was applied to present the flow of information during the different stages of systematic review. A set of statistical methods available in statistical software MedCalc were used to perform meta-analysis and comparison of proportions for diseases' specific clinical parameters and adverse reactions. The studies were filtered on the basis of eligibility criteria: A clinical focus; randomized or openlabel studies with clearly presented outcome variables; equal or similar time horizon; sufficient data about safety and efficacy processed with reliable statistical approaches. Results: Fixed effect was used in patients treated with Idursulfase who experienced urticaria (p = 0.3459, 6.81%, 95% CI 3,126-12,623) and serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (p=0.0619, 21.27%, 95% CI, 14,561 -29,345) and in patients treated with Sapropterin who experienced ADRs (P =0.2264, 29,237%, 95% CI 20,916-38,720). Random effect was taken into account for Pasireotide effectiveness data and the percent of patients with controlled levels of urinary free cortisol (UFC) was 44.81%, 95% CI (37,506 -56,073), which proves the difference in the effects among different samples. The results from the heterogeneity test shows that random effect for the percent of Pasireotide treated patients with nausea (p=0,2675, 51,936%, 95% CI 40.401-63,32), hyperglycemia (p=0,0504, 43.268%, 95% CI 34.217-52.662) and diarrhea (p=0.3221,58,299%, 95% CI 46.658-69.299) must be applied. Conclusions: The aggregated data on efficacy presented by meta-analysis could be used for the conduction of pharmacoeconomic analysis for the purposes of the assessment of orphan medicines efficiency.
AIMS:The purpose of this study was to determine the cell viability and cytotoxicity of various endocytosis and efflux inhibitors which can be used to determine transport and uptake mechanisms in the BeWo (b30 clone) human placental trophoblast cell line. Ethanol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were also studied since they are often used as cosolvents for administration of these inhibitors.METHODOLOGY:The water-soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay was used to quantify cell viability and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was used to determine cytotoxicity.RESULTS:By the WST-1 assay, reduced cell viability was observed following 4 hours of exposure to chlorpromazine (10 μg/mL), colchicine (1 mM), filipin (3 μg/mL), gentamicin (2 mM), GF120918 (1 μM), methyl-β-cyclodextrin (5 mM), and verapamil (100 μM). By the LDH assay, however, no cytotoxicity was observed after 4 hours of exposure to the aforementioned compounds. Amiloride (500 μM), ethanol (up to 0.1% v/v), and DMSO (up to 0.1% v/v) did not reduce cell viability nor induce cytotoxicity.CONCLUSION:This information is valuable when selecting potential inhibitors of endocytosis and efflux and the selection of time points for mechanistic studies.
Aims: Two simple and sensitive stability-indicating methods were developed and validated for the quantitative determination of oseltamivir phosphate in presence of its degradation product.Place and Duration of Study: Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, between January 2016 and Augest 2016.Methodology: The first method depends on densitomeric determination of thin layer chromatograms of the drug using a mobile phase of methanol - toluene - ammonia (8: 10: 2, v/v/v). The second method was UPLC method, in which efficient separation was carried out on phenomenex kinetex 2.6 mu m C(18)100 A column using a mobile phase consisting of 85% potassium hydrogen phosphate - methanol (80: 20, v/v), adjusted to pH 3.5 with orthophosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1) and UV detection at 207 nm.Results: Beer' law was obeyed in the range of 1-15 mu g/spot and 6-14 mu g mL(-1) of the drug using the two procedures, respectively.Conclusion: The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of oseltamivir phosphate in bulk powder, laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage form with good accuracy and precision. The methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The results obtained were compared with those of the reported method and were found to be in good agreement.
Four simple and accurate spectrophotometric methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, pamabrom and pyrilamine maleate. The first is a zero order spectrophotometric method used for the determination of pyrilamine maleate in presence of paracetamol and pamabrom in the range of 0.5-60 mu g/mL by measuring the absorbance at 306.8 nm where paracetamol and pamabrom exhibits zero reading. The other three methods; bivariate, dual wavelength and area under the curve methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, pamabrom in presence of pyrilamine maleate. Bivariate calibration algorithm involves the use of two selected wavelengths; 260 nm and 280 nm for the determination of the two studied drugs. For the dual wavelength, paracetamol shows equal absorbance at 212.87 and 220.0 nm, where the differences in absorbance were measured for the determination of PBM. Similarly, differences in absorbance at 264.23 nm and 292.28 nm were measured for determination of paracetamol. In the area under curve method; the area between 237.14 to 247.14 nm was used for determination of paracetamol and 273.6 to 283.6 nm for pamabrom. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 1-30 mu g mL(-1) for paracetamol and pamabrom in all methods. LOD was calculated and ranges from 0.149-0.766 mu g/mL, while LOQ was found to be in the range of 0.556-1.145 mu g/mL. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of PCM, PBM and PAM in their pharmaceutical preparation without interference from additives present with mean recovery ranging from 98.99 to 101.44%. Statistical analysis of the results obtained by the proposed spectrophotometric methods compared with a reported method revealed no significant difference between the proposed and reported methods confirming accuracy and precision at 95% confidence limit.
The study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic effects of crystals derived from Stevia rebaudiana leaves in normal rats and alloxan induced diabetic mice. Normal rats were used to evaluate whether the stevia crystal have any adverse effects on body weight and blood glucose of healthy rats. The rats were divided into two groups (n=5); healthy control rats and stevia treated healthy rats (1 g/kg/day orally). To evaluate the antidiabetic effects of stevia crystal, mice were divided into five equal (n=5) groups; healthy control, diabetic control, stevia crystal @ 250 and 500 mg/kg bwt, and Amaryl (R) @ 800 mu g/kg daily to compare the efficacy. Alloxan monohydrate was injected in mice at a dose rate of 120 mg/kg intraperitoneally for diabetic induction. Result of the present study showed that stevia crystal at a high daily dose did not have any significant effect on body weight but it reduced blood glucose level non-significantly in healthy animal. The antidiabetic effects of stevia crystal was evaluated based on glucose lowering capacity, improvement of body weight loss, changes in lipid profile, and renal and pancreas protective capacity. Treatment with stevia crystal @ 500 mg/kg improved body weight loss and reduced blood glucose level significantly (P<0.01) in diabetic animal. Stevia @ 500 mg/kg decreased cholesterol level non-significantly whereas it reduce the triglyceride level significantly (P<0.01). In histopathology study, stevia crystal showed renal and pancreas protective effect with slightly restoration of structural damage in both organs. Based on present studies data it may conclude that crystalline compounds derived from Stevia rebaudiana leaves may have antidiabetic properties that need further characterization.
The cone is an organ of conifers that contains the reproductive structures. There is growing interest products from natural materials in worldwide. However, the chemical compounds from cones are great interest because of its residue products. A number of studies on conifer cones haveavailable in literature. Majority of these studies are on morphological, chemical and material properties of cones.All these findings have contribute to better utilization of materials from conifer cones as new medicinal plant products. However, it was consistently reported that the chemical constituents of cones changed depend on geographical, seasonal, genotypic and environmental situations. It was reported that conifer cones have similar chemical constituents like wood but in various proportion. They markedly contain rich of phenoloic compounds and some extractives. They primarilly consists cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses as major constituents. They have also some condense tannins, resin acids, stilbenes, flavonoids, etc. Many of researchers have already reported that these extracts, which have various proportions in different species may offer some advantages in terms of utilization from waste materials and may show exceptional medicinal properties.A number of different approaches have applied to find alternative and economical utilization from coniferous cones. It has also used for manufacturing various kinds of composite and paper material as substituent of wood. It has already tried to use for particleboard, fiberboard and plastic composite process aiming to without lowering properties. The results reported in that area is promising. It has been utilized for purifying of waters as bioabsorbent or scavengers for heavy metals from waste streams. It has also found to be useful for producing cellulose with its intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight. However, it has already well explained that some extracts from cones show antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial properties and may cure some disorders of humans. The utilization of these constituents from as a forest residue material may offer many possible applications as raw material.
Long QT syndrome patients are at high risk of developing ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest, so that the anesthetic technique used for these patients must avoid anything that will induce an arrhythmia such as tachycardia, hypotension or increased catecholamine release by pain or stress.A 28-yr-old woman was scheduled for an elective, repeat cesarean section at 36 weeks gestation. She was diagnosed long QT syndrome at age 22 and an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator (AICD) was implanted. During her pregnancy, parturient was hospitalized at 35 weeks gestation because of fetal bradycardia and obstetrician scheduled cesarean section at 36 weeks gestation. Before induction of anaesthesia, esmolol 200mcg.kg.min(-1) was started for prevention of ventricular dysrhythmia during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. After preoxygenation, anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl 100mcg, propofol 200mg, rocuronium 100 mg and trachea was intubated at 45th seconds. Esmolol infusion rate was reduced gradually to parturient's haemodynamic parameters during surgery and was stopped at end of the surgery. At 4th minutes of the surgery, fetus was deliveried but there is no heart rate and breathing of baby. Following cardiac compression for 45 seconds, heart rate and breathing of baby returned. Anaesthesia was maintained with 1 MAC sevoflurane and 100 mcg fentanyl. Parturient's blood pressure and heart rate remained within normal limits during surgery.Consequently, if parturient does not accept regional anaesthesia, in case of an emergency cesarean section, general anaesthesia can be safely used with optimized preoperative evaluation, close monitoring and carefully anaesthetic management.
Background: Terminalia arjuna, a popular cardio curative plant. Present work emphasizes on the evaluation of antioxidant and anti-urease activity of different fractions extracts of Terminalia arjuna seeds. Methods: Six alternate fractions including methanol, ethanol, n- butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and distilled water were separately used for extraction of Arjun seeds. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through free radical scavenging (DPPH) assay method, using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) as a standard free radical. Anti-urease activity was also assessed through anti-urease absorbance assay method. Results: Methanol and ethanol extracts showed highly significant results (88 +/- 1.52 and 87 +/- 0.057 % inhibition respectively) than other fractions extracts but less significant than the standard ascorbic acid (93.73 +/- 1.12). All various fractions extracts of Arjun seed exhibited anti-urease activity up to some extent, but ethyl acetate extract exhibited highest results than other extracts as 70.4 +/- 0.15% inhibition of urease followed by n-butanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous extract respectively. Conclusion: Present work is a sort of novel work as these activities of Arjun seed have not been reported till now. Evidence of the current study have provided a new way to utilize anti-urease and antioxidant potential of Arjun seeds for therapeutic purpose in current of various diseases.
