Neutrophils, crucial players in the effector phase of the immune response, are recognized as important mediators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Through the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, they modulate the function of T and other lymphoid cells. Countless reports have highlighted the importance of these cells as efficient antimicrobial agents and annotated their involvement in the pathology of infectious and noninfectious diseases. The development of modern, sophisticated technologies has allowed the study of the functions of these cells in clinical settings. These advanced technologies include fluorescence-activated cell sorters, confocal microscopy, automated cell image analyzers, and live cell analysis instruments. Unfortunately, the cost of these modern instruments, maintenance, reagents, and the need for qualified technicians prohibit their use in low-income laboratories and universities in developing countries. With this in mind, we propose a series of basic tests that can be used in low-input clinical laboratories and universities to evaluate the function of neutrophils in health and disease. Our methodology allows us to assess in a practical and low-cost manner the functions of neutrophils in the phagocytic process, including opsonization, ingestion, ROI production (NBT reduction), myeloperoxidase content, phagosome-lysosome fusion, microbicidal activity, and NET production. Thus, under a disadvantageous ambiance, this may guide physicians in deciding whether a patient's illness involves phagocytic defects without imposing a heavy financial burden.Graphical Abstract[-rId13-]
Candidiasis, also known as candidiasis vulvovaginitis, is an infection caused by different types of Candida fungi, the most frequent being Candida albicans. The present study reports an effective strategy, which opens new avenues for the treatment of this public health problem. The MAC® Methodology, conventional laser light-emitting (LLLT)/LED) methods are based on the biphasic response demonstrated many times in LLLT research and as with other forms of drugs, a "drug" (irradiation parameters) and a "dose" (irradiation times) and the "Arndt-Schulz Law" is often cited as a suitable model to describe the dose-dependent effects of LLLT. This method uses photopharmaceuticals, cell markers and the use of correct parameters for each case to induce the acceleration of tissue repair. The present study shows a case of a 32-year-old patient diagnosed with recurrent candidiasis 4 years ago. Eighteen sessions were performed (every other day) using a photoactivated component (Methylene blue 1% + Clotrimazole 1%) and LED phototherapy (red, blue and violet) with emission times of 60 - 260 seconds for each applicator, according to the dose recommendations of the scar acceleration method (MAC®). At the sixth treatment session there was a noticeable decrease in the itching sensation reported by the patient. In session 11 she reported feeling a great improvement, indicating that she no longer felt itching in any area after 18 sessions. The present case demonstrates new methodologies to treat common problems in the population that have a positive impact on the quality of life. This methodology has a promising future because it is non-invasive and requires a great biological transformation for inflammatory, fungal and viral control.
In order to understand pathogenic mechanism of allergic dermatitis, it is important to find morphological changes of the internal structure of the skin by non-invasive imaging.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is powerful tool for in vivo tomographic imaging of the internal microstructure in biological tissue.In this study, we prepared the animal model of genuine pig with allergic dermatitis developed by chemical administration to examining their skin inflammation by microscopic observations with OCT images captured continuously, aiming at tracking the morphological changes in the skin structure induced by the chronological inflammation.As a result, epidermis thickening became evident as the days passed since Day 7, and the capillary vessel expansion was confirmed since Day 14; the process of inflammation development was successfully observed.
Sepsis is a medical emergency that depicts the body’s systemic immune reaction to an infectious process that could result in organ dysfunction and death. Early sepsis pathogen identification and early delivery of antimicrobial therapy result in better clinical outcomes for patients diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock. Method: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that discussed sepsis pathogen identification, antibiotic resistance and timing in the treatment of sepsis were taken into account irrespective of the approach of the included studies, quantitative or qualitative. This literature review gathers data from twelve primary studies to perform a systematic review and evaluate existing empirical antibiotic therapies in order to treat the various degrees of sepsis and minimize antibiotic resistance. The remaining reviews, case studies, etc., were used as supplementary references. The studies compiled data from laboratory tests including lactate levels, fluid resuscitation, and diagnostic diagnostics like the SOFA score. Results: This paper identifies multiple factors that must be taken into account when treating individuals with sepsis. Prior to the administration of broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics, the severity and morbidity of the disease must be addressed. Excessive antibiotic usage has been associated with increased sepsis hospitalized mortality rates, and thus it is crucial to minimize antibiotic misuse in non-septic patients. This can be accomplished by differentiating between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, the purpose of biomarkers and identifying the antibiotic resistance pathway. Many patients from low economic statuses may experience difficulties accessing healthcare services and resources for sepsis treatment when diagnosed with sepsis. Additionally, through educational efforts, promoting awareness of sepsis and the relevance of timing in sepsis therapy can help dispel misconceptions about the illness and minimize sepsis patients from receiving insufficient care.
Prostatitis is a widespread disease associated with pelvic pain syndrome, which is characterized by pelvic pain, various urinary symptoms, and possible sexual dysfunction.An adequate therapy requires schemes for chronic prostatitis that affects, among other things, the atypical causative agents.We investigate a therapy for prostate inflammation consisting in a combination of macrolides with the usage of men's pads for underwear during the treatment.We demonstrate the efficacy of this therapy on a group of patients with chronic prostatitis.The group of patients under this combination therapy exhibits better recovery dynamics compared to the group of patients who were treated only by macrolides.We observe a statistically significant (p-value < 0.01) difference between the two groups in the data from three sections of the NIH-CPSI questionnaire, which concerned pain, symptoms of impaired urination, and quality of life.The number of patients with soreness of the prostate, with the presence of bacteria and leukocytes in the prostate gland secretion, and with the presence of microorganisms in the PCR tests after treatment was lower in the combination therapy group compared to the macrolide group.The obtained results demonstrate that the use of macrolides in combination with the use of men's pads in the treatment of chronic prostate inflammation, including "abacterial" prostatitis, is promising.More generally, our results highlight the importance of flexible and individual approaches to the treatment of chronic prostatitis.
Parotid gland adenocarcinoma is commonly a tumor of low malignancy and low incidence worldwide.The reported case shows the rapid progression of this tumor in an elderly patient and infrequent effects, such as a presentation of facial edema not commonly described in the medical literature.Patient was admitted to hospital in November 2019 with secretion and partial hearing loss in the right ear and infiltrative and stone lesion with initial skin ulceration in the right cervical region.After 42 days, he returned and was admitted to the intensive care unit with significant swelling of the face, hardened and hyperemic neck, difficulty in speech and inability to open the eye.He presented changes in the mobility of the speech and hearing organs, reduced laryngeal mobility, vocal changes, speech with altered articulation and severe oropharyngeal dysphagia with risk of bronchoaspiration.The patient was diagnosed in September 2019 with a parotid tumor (salivary gland adenocarcinoma T4).The medical team requested computed tomography, computed tomography angiography of the chest and cervical vessels and computed tomography of the neck, in addition to evaluation by the head and neck surgery service and general surgery.After analyzing the results, the medical team
Atrial fibrillation is a cardiac arrhythmia of high prevalence in the population, especially in the elderly.Its main electrical characteristics are the interval between two successive irregular R waves, absence of P waves and presence of f waves between QRS complexes.The most common symptoms of atrial fibrillation are irregular palpitations associated with dyspnea, dizziness, feeling tired, fatigue and general malaise, but not all patients have any symptoms.The present report presents the history of an elderly patient who arrived at the hospital's emergency department with irregular heart rhythm and palpitations.The patient's symptoms, associated with the electrocardiogram
Introduction: Infertility is a health problem that does not cause death, disability or physical pain; however, it is a crisis for couples who see their life plans threatened and suffer not only at the time of diagnosis and during treatments, but in multiple daily situations. Scientific Problem: There are no published studies on the characteristics of the infertile patient who has required surgical treatment, which is attended at the Territorial Center for Assisted Reproduction, Cienfuegos. Objective: To characterize the patients with infertility diagnosis who underwent surgical treatment and were treated at the Territorial Center for the care of the infertile couple in the province of Cienfuegos. Methodological Design: A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study of a series of cases was carried out at the Territorial Center for Assisted Reproduction, inserted in the Department of External Consultation of the General University Hospital, Dr. “Gustavo Aldereguía Lima” in Cienfuegos, in the period from January 2015 to December 2016. The variables studied were: age, skin color, pelvic inflammatory disease, personal pathological history, number of pregnancies, number of deliveries, number of abortions, age of the first sexual relations, cause of infertility, time attending the consultation, previous pelvic surgery, preoperative diagnosis, type of surgery, type of treatment and results of the surgery. Results: A predominance of age was obtained between 26 and 35 years of previous pelvic inflammatory disease, Bronchial Asthma as a personal pathological antecedent, previous pelvic surgery, number of pregnancies between 1 and 2, induced abortion among other results.
This experiment has been carried out to observe the potential thrombolytic activity of naturally occuring phytochemicals in Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and to analyze their drug likeness property and ADME/T profile. Thrombolytic activity of Ginger has already been confirmed in laboratory experiment and this study focuses on the molecular interactions among four phytocompounds (Isovanillin, Gingerol, Beta-sitosterol and 2,6-Dimethyl-2-octene-1,8-diol) found in Ginger and Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA). Present experiment is largely based on computer-aided drug design protocol where the strength of interaction is described as binding energy function. Isovanillin exhibited better docking score, and so this compound might have greater thrombolytic activity than others. Moreover, Isovanillin also suggested sound drug likeness property and ADME/T profile which predicts its safeness for consumption in human body. But Beta-sitosterol violated Lipinski’s rule of five and 2, 6-Dimethyl-2-octene-1,8-diol showed the lowest affinity of binding with tPA. However, further in vivo or in vitro study may be required to confirm the thrombolytic activity of Isovanillin.
