The lactic acid bacteria strains (LAB), mainly Lactobacillus strains, endorse intestinal and serum immune responses to gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhoea reduction effects and antitoxin rotavirus. Supplementation of diet with LAB can benefit growth performance; nutrient utilisation and nutrient digestibility therefore enhance gut health of pigs. Understanding in the narrative related to the advantageous consequences of consuming a range of LAB for swine production has been widely reviewed, and the hazard and the safety related issues to to use of LAB have also been considered in this review. Taking into consideration that the primary cost in a swine business is feed effectiveness, feed cost, holds an exceptionally, if not the supreme, consequence in industrial pig production. Worldwide, in accompany with other animal industries the swine industry is affecting towards the long run a total ban and in control on the usage of antibiotic growth promoters. For that reason, the selection of a perfect substitute to the in-feed antibiotics to reimburse for the vanished profits because of the ban on the usage of antibiotic is immediately required to maintain the business for the sustainable and advantageous swine production.
Probiotics may represent an appropriate alternative to oral therapy by specifically targeting pathogens during the successive phases of biofilm “formation”. The aim of this work was to find ways to complement and strengthen this anti-biofilm action through examining the effects of 13 probiotics on the “preformed” three-dimensional biofilm structure. An in vitro dental multi-species biofilm model has been developed using pioneer-colonizing streptococci strains Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Streptococcus oralis subsp. oralis with the addition of Actinomyces naeslundii, to obtain highly heterogeneous strong biofilm architecture. Among the different probiotic genera tested, only the genus Bacillus had a significant disruptive impact on biofilm. B. subtilis NOH (Natto Original Habitat) isolated from a traditional Japanese fermented food (natto) was the most effective disrupter, able to destroy 39% of pre-formed biofilm. Some results have suggested the presence of biosurfactants in its supernatant. Unlike B. subtilis NOH, the B. subtilis CU1 (CNCM I-2745) strain showed strong antibacterial properties against pathogenic organisms and blocked biofilm development at high probiotic concentration. A dual strategy of applying agents with disruptive (B. subtilis NOH) and antimicrobial (B. subtilis CU1) activity could be an interesting approach, with disassembling of the matrix structure exposing pathogenic organisms to more efficient killing.
The microbiota and the human host maintain a symbiotic association. Nowadays, metagenomic analyses are providing valuable knowledge on the diversity and functionality of the gut microbiota. However, with regard to the definition of a “healthy microbiota” and the characterization of the dysbiosis linked to obesity, there is still not a clear answer. Despite this fact, attempts have been made to counteract obesity through probiotic supplementation. A literature search of experimental studies relevant to the topic was performed in PubMed database with the keywords “probiotic” and “obesity” and restricted to those with “Lactobacillus” or “Bifidobacterium” in the title. So far, evidence of an antiobesity effect of different lactobacilli and bifidobacteria has been mainly obtained from animal models of dietary‐induced obesity. Using these experimental models, a substantial number of studies have reported reductions in weight gain and, in particular, fat tissue mass at different locations following administration of bacteria, as compared with controls. Antiatherogenic and anti‐inflammatory effects—including regulation of expression of lipogenic and lipolytic genes in the liver, reduction in liver steatosis, improvement of blood lipid profile and glucose tolerance, decreased endotoxemia, and regulation of inflammatory pathways—are also reported in many of them. The number of human studies focused on probiotic administration for obesity management is still very scarce, and it is too soon to judge their potential efficacy, especially when considering the fact that the actions of probiotics are always strain specific and the individual response varies according to intrinsic factors, the overall composition of diet, and their interactions.
Background A bidirectional relationship exists between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. Foods containing bacteria that positively influence the gastrointestinal microbiome are termed, probiotics; compounds that promote the flourishing of these bacteria are termed, prebiotics. Whether microbiome influencing therapies could treat psychiatric conditions, including depression and anxiety, is an area of interest. Presently, no established consensus for such treatment exists.Methods This systematic review analyses databases and grey literature sites to investigate pre and/or probiotics as treatments for depression and/or anxiety disorders. Articles included are from within 15 years. Pre-determined inclusion exclusion criteria were applied, and articles were appraised for their quality using a modified-CASP checklist. This review focuses specifically on quantitative measures from patients with clinical diagnoses of depression and/or anxiety disorders.Results 7 studies were identified. All demonstrated significant improvements in one or more of the outcomes measuring the of effect taking pre/probiotics compared with no treatment/placebo, or when compared to baseline measurements.Discussion Our review suggests utilising pre/probiotic may be a potentially useful adjunctive treatment. Furthermore, patients with certain co-morbidities, such as IBS, might experience greater benefits from such treatments, given that pre/probiotic are useful treatments for other conditions that were not the primary focus of this discourse. Our results are limited by several factors: sample sizes (adequate, though not robust); short study durations, long-term effects and propensity for remission undetermined.Conclusion Our results affirm that pre/probiotic therapy warrants further investigation. Efforts should aim to elucidate whether the perceived efficacy of pre/probiotic therapy in depression and/or anxiety disorders can be replicated in larger test populations, and whether such effects are maintained through continued treatment, or post cessation. Interventions should also be investigated in isolation, not combination, to ascertain where the observed effects are attributable to. Efforts to produce mechanistic explanations for such effect should be a priority.
There has recently been a significant increase in research on the potential health benefi ts associated with probiotics and prebiotics. Some effects attributed to selected probiotics or prebiotics have been proved by clinical trials, while others have been acquired on the basis of in vitro tests which need to be replicated in vivo in order to be validated. Clinical reports in the literature for the application of probiotics have been done for the treatment of infectious diseases including viral, bacterial or antibiotic associated diarrhea, lowering of serum cholesterol, decreased risk of colon cancer, improved lactose digestion, and altered intestinal microbiota. However, information on probiotic species, a specific strain-therapeutic application, and adequate dosages, is not yet sufficient to allow rational consumption. Moreover, prebiotic oligosaccharides are poorly understood in regard to their fermentation profi les and dosages required for health effects. The present review summarizes some of the literature in regard to clinical or therapeutic trials of probiotics and prebiotics.
Meetings International & 9th European Food and Nutrition Congress offerseveral awards given to recognize outstanding scholarly contributions to the field of international studies. These awards have different committees, nominating procedures and submission deadlines.
The normal microflora of vagina is extremely important for maintenance of healthy vaginal state and consequently in prevention of urogenital infections. Since a healthy female vaginal microbiota is dominated by species of Lactobacillus, the perception of restoration and/or maintenance of a healthy vagina by exogenous administration of probiotic Lactobacillus seem feasible. Urogenital infections are treated using antibiotics. But use of antibiotics have several drawbacks, including a decrease in the numbers of beneficial bacteria and an increase of drug resistance; moreover, they are often ineffective and increase the risk of infection recurrence Unlike antibiotics, probiotics can be used over an extended period without adverse effects. Probiotics properly colonized in the vagina may help in reducing the recurrent infection. So, various strains of probiotics can be used in treatment and the load of probiotics may be used in the management of vaginal infections or its recurrence.
Alloxan and streptozotocin are the two compounds scientists use for inducing diabetes in experimental animals for diabetes research. Although, both compounds are able to induce diabetes, their effects on the blood, pancreas and microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of animals may not the same. This research therefore, aims to compare the effects of alloxan and streptozotocin used to induce type 1 diabetes on albino rats. 12 young adult male albino rats were divided into 3 groups consisting of 4 rats per group. Group 1 was induced using alloxan, group 2 was induced using streptozotocin and group 3 was control. Both groups showed increased production of urine as compared to the control group and weight loss as well as dull furs few days after induction. The blood sugar level rose from 94 mg/dl to 218 ± 6 mg/dl and 204 ± 5 mg/dl in the alloxan and streptozotocin group respectively. The results of the haematology on the blood of the rats showed that alloxan had more negative effect on the packed cell volume compared to the streptozotocin. Comparatively, while the PCV of the control group was 44.67 ± 0.67%, the group induced with streptozotocin had 41.33 ± 0.67% and the group induced with alloxan had PCV of 38.00 ± 1.15%. Microbiologically, the control had the highest bacterial load of 9.0 ± 1.2 × 103 cfu/ml, while the group treated with alloxan had the least bacterial load of 2.0 ± 0.5 × 103cfu/ml. A total of seven bacteria were isolated from intestine and they are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Clostridium deficile, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris with E. coli having the highest frequency of occurrence. Alloxan caused profuse haemorrhage and complete destruction of the acini with prominent destruction of beta cells and washing away of the ductile beta cells of the pancreas, while streptozotocin caused poor formation of the islet of Langerhans and necrotized cells that is profuse as well as haemorrhage of vascularized cells and no visible interlobular duct. The results gathered from this research showed that the two compounds are able to induce type 1 diabetes in the rats. However, the effect of alloxan was more devastating on the pancreas beta cells as well as on the blood parameters of the rats than streptozotocin. It also had the highest reducing effect on the microflora of the GIT of the rats used.
BACKGROUND:Studies suggest that bioactive compounds such as probiotics may positively influence psychological health. This study aimed to determine whether supplementation with the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 reduced stress and improve psychological wellbeing in university students sitting examinations.METHODS:In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 483 undergraduate students received either the probiotic L. rhamnosus HN001, or placebo, daily during a university semester. Students completed measures of stress, anxiety, and psychological wellbeing at baseline and post-intervention before examinations. Mann Whitney U tests compared the change in psychological outcomes between groups.RESULTS:Of the 483 students, 391 (81.0%) completed the post-intervention questions. There was no significant difference between the probiotic and placebo supplemented groups in psychological health outcomes. The COVID19 pandemic restrictions may have influenced the typical trajectory of stress leading up to examinations.CONCLUSION:We found no evidence of significant benefit of probiotics on the psychological health of university students. These findings highlight the challenges of conducting probiotic trials in human populations where the potential for contextual factors such as COVID19 response, and participant adherence to the intervention may influence results.
Background: Antibiotics merge among the frequently prescribed medications for children in Rwanda and even worldwide. Recently, however, there was seen an uncontrolled rise in antimicrobial-resistant infections following costs. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted to determine the frequency of antibiotics use during the treatment of infections or diseases of pediatric patients who attended Rwamagana Provincial Hospital with involvement of antibiotics. Medical records or files of 300pediatric patients who attended the stated hospital between 1st January 2016 and 28th February 2017 were scientifically reviewed and analyzed using licensed software such as SPSS Results: The study included 300 pediatric patients. This population is made of more male patients gender 155 (51.7%) than females 145 (48.3%). The mean (average) age of this population was 3.0 years (±3.1). The most prevalent diseases was malaria (19.1%) followed by sepsis (7.6%), and the frequently prescribed single antibiotics were ampicillin (37.1%), followed by the third generation, Ceftriaxone (25.2%), whereas ampicillin and gentamycin (46.5%) are the mostly used antibiotics from the different groups or classes, followed by ampicillin and chloramphenicol. However, ampicillin and amoxicillin combination (16.6%) is the mostly used combination of two antibiotics from the same group. Conclusion: There is a high frequency use of antibiotics as shown by the results of this study. Pediatric patients of age ranging between one and five were prescribed the higher percentage of antibiotics compared to patients of age groups below one year and those between six and twelve years, which requires big attention, focus and strategies to limit and control the use of antibiotics in this age group in pediatric patients. Penicillin group mainly, ampicillin was the most frequently prescribed followed by cephalosporin group mostly Ceftriaxone, then Cefotaxime as a single drug therapies and most preferred in combination with other antibiotics. Malaria was the most prevalent disease and the main cause of most of hospitalized patients, followed by pneumonia. Our study could add a contribution leading to improvement in antibiotic prescription pattern in pediatric department guidelines setting and implementation by the hospital. Keywords: Probiotics; Immunity; Beneficial microorganism; Health; Gut microbiota;
