Cassava, as a staple in Nigeria, is not only commonly found and cultivated across many agro-ecological zones. But it serves a variety of purposes as essential raw material for industries and export commodity. Even at that, and with cassavaâs external origins as a root crop introduced into the tropics. The physical conditions in Nigeriaâs Lower South axis have for years provided essential bio-geoclimatic parameters like temperature, soil and climate that enabled continual boom in output. For that, cassava crop as basic farm produce, cash earner and calorie source vital to the nationâs menu, ranks high in the popular imagination and economy considering its various derivatives from gari to fufu. In fact, many locals familiar with these derivatives know that cassava as a staple responsible for 80% of the nationâs energy intake remains at the center of daily life in many Lower South communities along the South-South and Southeast zones where the produce features prominently on the daily menu. Said that, the primacy of Nigeria among the largest cassava producers globally is so obvious that her production capacity and land areas exceeds those of her competitors. Accordingly, in the last several years came unprecedented expansion and changes in several core land use indicators. Along these lines, the study area has seen widespread use of agrochemicals, rising prices, mounting threats to the ecosystem, proliferation of diseases and degradation coupled with volatility in farm commodity trade. This paradox is compounded by the underperformance of Nigeriaâs cassava industry globally compared to her competitors, knowing full well that much of the output comes from the study area. In the context of all these challenges and recent efforts by government and state agencies to stem the tide and boost efficiency, the study remains an upgrade to the literature. Yet, despite the storied relevance in the political economy of the Southern region, very little exists in the literature on the state of cassava production trends and land use across time, together with a lack of knowledge on dispersion patterns essential for decision-making and elements located within the agricultural structure. Hence, this study will fill that void in research by analyzing the state of cassava land use trends in Nigeriaâs Lower South with emphasis on the issues, trends, impacts, factors, efforts, and future lines of action. From the analysis, results point to changes in the form of gains and declines in many cassava land use indicators and threats to the surrounding ecology. Also, GIS mappings pinpointed a gradual diffusion in space where production, land use changes and fertilizer use held firm. With changes attributed to several socio-economic, physical (environmental) factors, the paper proffered solutions ranging from education, monitoring, regular mapping using GIS and the design of regional cassava land resource information system.
Milk production and intake in many countries in the African continent is very essential in the daily lives of communities. Dairy is not only at the center of community welfare from North to Southern portions of Africa, but it remains a vital component of economic viability in terms of employment and income generation and nutritional intake in many countries. Yet, over the last several years, milk production among nations continues to be besieged by multiplicity of challenges that are both regional, global, and local in nature and somewhat compounded by current policy in the continent regarding marketing access to foreign producers and limited intake below the required thresholds in the globe. Being a continent with the lowest median age in the world with many very young citizens, one would assume that in the context of food security, public enlightenment campaigns over regular milk and dairy intake should be the norm, but that has not always been the case. At the same time, the problem seems compounded by the current pace at which many European Union nations are turning the African continent into a dumping ground of imported milk. This anomaly impacts the capacity of local producers in meeting the rising demands among consumers. Given the current policy lapses in Africa and the ability of EU producers and other nations to exploit it in the face of limited production capacity, and regional disparities in the continent in which the North and Southern zone outpace the other areas. Very little has been done in the literature using mix scale techniques of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and descriptive statistics to capture this issue spatially. While this enquiry will fill that void in research, this paper assesses milk production trends in the continent of Africa. The study emphasizes the issues, trends, factors, and future lines of action. Accordingly, the results under the mix scale model shows rising output, and changes in production, gains and declines, regional disparities, limited usage of milk and gradual dispersion of production indices across space. In as much as the changing trends emanate from a host of socio-economic and physical and environmental factors located within the larger agricultural structure. The paper proffered five solutions ranging from education on milk intake among the public, efficient policy, monetary assistance to local producers, closure of dumping loopholes, periodic monitoring, and the design of regional and continental dairy management information system.
The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritional practices of adult dietary supplement users and non-users in the Westlands constituency, Nairobi County. The comparison of food consumption data was obtained using a single 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire that was administered at the time of the harvest season (November 2019). Of the 139 adults who took part in the study, 14.4% (n= 20) took dietary supplements. Multivitamins were the common and widely used dietary supplements of 70% of dietary supplements. The main reason a majority of women took supplements was largely due to anaemia or Osteomalacia. In, contrast, the men who used supplements in this study wanted to alter the structure of the body (muscle hypertrophy), which led to the use of creatine and whey protein supplements. In contrast to Bennett’s Law, the nutritional assessment showed that 100% of the adults consumed foods belonging to the food group grains, roots, plantains and tubers. Eggs were consumed sparingly in this study and this was only by the proportion (25%) of men. The second largest group of foods consumed by 62.5% of adults was other fruits and vegetables. The average dietary diversity score given to adults in the Westlands constituency was low (3.09±1.201) and no adult scored high for dietary diversity score (6-7 food groups consumed). However, the values of nutritional diversity between dietary supplement consumers and non-consumers were not statistically significant (X2 /Likelihood ratio= 1.238, df= 1, p= 0.338). The average daily intake of calcium (mg) 134.341±103.253, folic acid (µg) 117.056±91.895 and vitamin C (mg) 34.953±41.057 were less than 50% of the recommended daily dose. While, the average daily intake of iron (mg) 8.034±5.728, magnesium (mg) 218.078±162.244 and vitamin E (mg) 10.253±12.375 was over 50% of the recommended daily dose. The nutrient uptake assessment showed that, with the exception of vitamin E, none of the adults reached the recommended daily allowance for the selected nutrients. However, the nutrient uptake for the supplement consumers in this study was slightly higher than that of the non-supplement consumers. Overall, a low prevalence of dietary supplement use and poor eating habits were observed in this study. This makes the study participants susceptible to micronutrient diseases. Therefore, public awareness of supplement use and the effects of micronutrient deficiencies due to poor eating habits are imperative. As a result, health professionals and nutritionists play a critical role in educating the general public about the importance of using nutritional supplements properly and in educating them about cost-effective ways to transition to healthier diets for better health outcomes.
Exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months of life, followed by appropriate complementary feeding, are major factors in the nutritional status of young children. The study aimed to produce infant flour from raw food ingredients available locally in Cote d’Ivoire. Infant flour has been proposed from mixed flours of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott), legumes (Cajanus cajan), malted maize (Zea mays) and sucrose in a proportion of 58:18:14:10, respectively. In a first step of the study, the formulated infant flour was evaluated for a microbiological examination such as the total viable count, fecal coliforms, yeasts and molds counts, the detection of Escherichia coli and Salmonella and amylase activity was studied. Immediately after production, the total viable count (104 CFU / g) was below the maximum standard counts (105 CFU/g) and the flour was free from pathogens (Escherichia coli and Salmonella). The count of fecal coliforms (1 CFU/g) and yeasts and molds (1 CFU/g) were significantly lower than standard levels (102 and 103 CFU/g, respectively). As for the amylase activity, it was 0.400 μmol reducing sugars / minute the first week of preparation but after one year of storage, this activity was stabilized at 0.010 μmol reducing sugars/min. A second stage concerned the physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of the porridge made from formulated infant flour. The energy density of the porridge prepared from this infant flour was very high (approximately 119 kcal / 100 ml). A fluid consistency was 90 mm / 30 seconds.
Artisanal curd milk, commonly known as yogurt, is increasingly consumed in the Ivory Coast where it is served as a dessert or a refreshing drink. Because of its accessible cost to all budgets, it occupies a prominent place in the eating habits of Ivorians. Unfortunately, its consumption has been associated with pathologies questioning its quality. The main objective of our work was to study the microbial contamination and the physicochemical characteristics of artisanal curd milk sold in various public markets in the city of Daloa. The survey carried out to locate the knowledge, the mode and the frequency of consumption of this artisanal curd milk made it possible to show that it is a food known and consumed by many Ivorians and some nationals of neighboring countries of all ages and of any social level. A total of 15 samples consisting of 45 elementary samples were subjected to physicochemical and microbiological analysis. These samples were taken from 5 public markets in Daloa city (Abattoir 1, Grand Marche, Lobia, Orly and Tazibouo) at the rate of 3 samples per market. Physicochemical analyzes revealed low pH ranging from 3.22 ± 0.21 to 4.22 ± 0.35 negatively correlated with titratable acidity levels which varied from 1.62 ± 0.45 to 0.95 ± 0, 17. Microbiological analyzes of artisanal curdled milk samples taken from this various public markets showed high loads of fermentation germs (lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and molds) and of contaminating germs (Aerobic Mesophilic Count, total and thermotolerant coliforms). Salmonella were not detected in samples taken at the Grand Marche. On the other hand, they were present in 50% of the curdled milk samples taken at the Lobia, Orly and Abattoir 1 markets and in all the samples (100%) taken at the Tazibouo market. The presence of Salmonella which is a pathogenic flora in these samples demonstrates that this artisanal curd is not of good microbiological quality. Its consumption can automatically lead to food poisoning.
The malnutrition of children remains a health problem in Cote d'Ivoire. In this context, a nutritional survey by questionnaire and anthropometric measures was carried out in the urban area in the Upper Sassandra region to nearly 419 children with an age of between 0 and 36 months in the city of Daloa. Describe the feeding of the infant and the young child through a nutritional survey and evaluate the nutritional status of children through anthropometries were the goals pursued in this study. The results show the average prevalence of chronic growth or malnutrition (7.32%). The skinny that reflects acute malnutrition affects only 16.92 percent of the children and is specific to the poor. As a result, some results obtained in the Court of Inquiry revealed that an exclusive breastfeeding of the birth to 6 months, and then a suitable supplement diet, are major factors in the nutritional status of Infants.
This study was proposed to assess the effect of germination on minerals, vitamins composition and some functional properties of sprouted yellow maize grains with a view to their valorization in the Ivorian diet. The mineral contents (Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Sodium, Potassium) of sprouted yellow maize samples are statistically different from those of ungerminated maize. Then, it was found that germination resulted in a significant increase in the contents of vitamins (A, B1, C, D and E). The germination of corn kernels led to a significant increase (p <0.05) in the contents of vitamin A (3.00 ± 0.02 to 6.00 ± 1.00 % DW), vitamin B1 (0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.05 ± 0.02 % DW), vitamin C (6.50 ± 0.10 to 9.20 ± 0.40 % DW), vitamin D (0.94 ± 0.03 to 1.86 ± 0.04 % DW) and vitamin E (1.80 ± 0.30 to 2.60 ± 0.20 % DW) from raw and germinated yellow maize respectively. Thus, germination is an effective processing method for increasing vitamins, mineral bio-availability, and for improving significantly functional properties after the yellow maize seeds germinate. Then, germination induced a significant increase in the water and oil absorption capacity (dinor and red) in the flour of the sprouted corn kernels. Therefore, sprouting improves the micronutriments value of corn kernels.
A native fruit of Southeast Asia, duku (Lansium domesticum) fruit is grown in Malaysia, notably in the state of Terengganu, renowned for its premium quality. Physically, the fruit is signified by thick fairly leathery golden brown skin, shaped oval or almost circular whose short diameter range between 40 – 50 mm. Organoleptic attributes of the fruit are derived from the sweet-sour aromatic profile elicited from the juicy flesh. Recognition of fruits constituting healthy diets is a cornerstone for ascending global consumption trends. In this respect, this study of various components of duku fruit harvested in Terengganu aimed to evaluate the nutritional constituents as source of potent health promoting chemicals, and identify correlations between experimental variables. Proximate composition and mineral content analysis were based on the standard procedures of AOAC (2011). Crude fat, crude protein and carbohydrate content enabled mathematical derivation of caloric value. Inductive couple plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) facilitated mineral content analysis. Comparatively, duku peel had highest ash value, 1.2 g per 100 g, whereas duku flesh lowest, containing 0.4 g per 100 g, WB. Crude protein results proved seeds were highest, 3.0 g per 100g, in contrast to flesh at 0.9 g per 100 g. Crude fat were found in peel and seeds, 2.7 g and 0.1 g per 100 each, respectively but not detectable in flesh. Crude fibre tended to be significantly higher by 10 fold in seeds compared to flesh, evidently at 5.2 g in the former while 0.4 g in the latter based on 100 g sample weight each. Mineral elements analysis, specifically of potassium, calcium, and magnesium revealed superior valuations in peel recording 2692.9 mg, 361.5 mg and 144.1 mg respectively, on a 100 g sample weight basis. Relatively lowest were results obtained from flesh at 762.5 mg, 73.0 mg and 43.8 mg respectively, based on 100 g sample weight each. The spectrum of values attained from the variables researched points to future potential of duku fruit commercialization as a potent ingredient in food and beverage products. Nevertheless, related complementary research to augment this current work is required before the wholesome intrinsic qualities of this fruit can be realistically capitalized.
GMO farming practices continue to be at the center of debates surrounding food production and varying debates on policy guiding US agriculture. On the one hand, many see the emergence of GMOs food in farming as a testament to the latest advances in technological innovations. On the other, there are those concerned about the threats posed to food safety and quality. Aside from that, in the last several years, the influence of GMOs in farming areas of the nation has gained widespread currency with applications in nutrient sprays, and the proliferation of bioengineered crops (soya bean, corn) with herbicide resistant traits and the capacity to endure weedkiller treatments that could have ruined the produces. With that came the adoption of herbicide resistant crops in which crops inserted with insect resistant traits are now vastly cultivated in areas across the country, especially the Mid-West region. Seeing the pros and cons surrounding GMOs in food production, very little exists on the issues and the areas devoted to it during production, the land use aspects, the regulatory dimensions, and distribution patterns. In view of the widespread usage of GMOs in agriculture and the dichotomy over the adoption of bioengineered alimentation in the agricultural sector. This paper will fill that void in research by assessing the adoption of GMO food production in the US Midwest with emphasis on the issues, trends, production, and land use interactions, and factors under mix scale methods based on the techniques of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and descriptive statistics. In applying the model, results point to rising changes in the proportion of areas devoted to GMO food production, concerns over the impacts, and growth in the adoption of core bio engineered crops. With all these attributed to socio-economic and ecological factors, GIS mappings of the trends, pinpointed the gradual dispersion of various indicators clustered across GMO food producing areas within the Midwest region. To remedy the concerns and the divergent positions on GMOs in US agriculture, the paper recommends education, effective policy, transparency and dialogue among opposing views and the recourse to ethical guidelines regarding the production of bioengineered food.
In the annals of Nigeriaâs economic development, groundnut farming ranks high as a vital component of the nationâs prominence during the early days. Accordingly, groundnut sustained the economy at the federal and regional levels especially in the defunct Northern Nigeria through revenues generated from exports to local and foreign markets. The significance of the crop exemplifies common expressions associated with it like âgroundnut pyramidsâ highlighting productivity and abundance of the produce. Under that scenario, in the economic imagination of the nation, groundnut farming flourished as a symbol of national wealth memorialized as iconic images in official stamps of the era and on warehouses awaiting exports with the crop stacked in bags mimicking the shape of pyramids. Such expressions deeply rooted in the fiscal policy and economic prowess in the Northern part of the country buttresses abundance of the crop in farm operations of the sector. Notwithstanding the overwhelming significance of the industry by the 1950s-1960s, the discovery and glut in oil and gas production resulted in the sudden decline of groundnut farming to the extent that, most peanut pyramids were turned into buildings instead of stacks of the produce. The other limiting factors consists of the volatility of the marketplace, changes in land use and output and other indicators located in the larger agricultural structure. Considering current initiatives to resurrect the production as part of economic diversification plans in Nigeria. Managers will benefit greatly from an in-depth assessment of the potentials and state of peanut farm activities in the North. At the same time, very little has been done in the literature to analyze the issue of groundnut production amidst decades of neglect. This enquiry will fill that void in the literature by assessing the state of groundnut farmland use under a mix scale method with focus on some selected states in Northern Nigeria. Emphasis is on the issues, trends, factors, impacts, resource analysis and efforts of institutions to sustain the sector. With results pointing to changes in land use and output over the years. The GIS mappings of the trends show gradual dispersal and expansion of groundnut producing activities into different portions of the North. Given some of the challenges and the factors that shaped changes under the rubric of socio-economic and physical forces. The paper provided recommendations ranging from education, effective land use regulation, the monitoring of groundnut farmland base, more lines of credit for farmers and the design of a groundnut farmland information system.
Sesame seed was processed into flour using five different processing methods such as defatting, cooking, roasting, germination and fermentation. The processed sesame seed flour was substituted to wheat flour at 4 levels (5, 10, 15 and 20%) with other ingredients to produce cookies. Effect of processing methods on anti-nutritional content of the flour blends, total mineral contents, in-vitro mineral bioaccessibility and mineral balance of the produced cookies were determined. Result revealed that raw sesame seeds had anti-nutrient values of 1.21mg/100g, 87.47mg/100g and 29.45mg/100g for phytate, oxalate and total phenol, respectively while processing methods revealed a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the values of these anti-nutrients that were analysed. In terms of the total mineral, calcium, magnesium and iron content of the cookies ranged from 2220.95 – 2916.9mg/100g, 257.219 – 278.587mg/100g and 30.573 – 45.550mg/100g, respectively. Percentage mineral bioaccessibility ranged from 40.60 – 97.856%, 15.077 – 92.144%, 25.054 – 97.677%, 2.542 – 89.815% and 25.13 – 98.817% for Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg and Fe, respectively. Bioaccessibility of minerals in the cookies samples increased significantly (P<0.05) with increased percentage substitution of cooked, roasted and fermented sesame seed flour samples. Cookies with 5% fermented sesame seed flour recorded high percentage bioaccessible zinc and magnesium of 97.856% and 97.907%, respectively. Mineral balance of the cookie samples ranged from 2.144 – 59.399%, 7.856 – 86.336%, 2.32 – 74.946%, 39.955 – 97.548 and 3.759 – 74.87% for Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg and Fe, respectively.
Eggplant is one of the most commonly consumed vegetables in Cote d’Ivoire. For this purpose, the mineral bioavailability and antinutrient constituents of eggplant varieties (Niguema, N’drowa, Aliona, Bello, Kotobi, Italy, Tiger, Kalenda and Gnangnan) were evaluated by standard procedures. The antinutrient composition in dry weight basis was significantly (P < 0.05) varied and ranged: oxalate 311.32-129.53 mg/100 g, tannin 370.14-100.98 mg/100 g, flavonoid 47.35-15.82 mg/100 g, and phytate 143.30-41.78 mg/100 g. Gnangnan had the highest tannin content, Italy had the highest content in flavonoid, while, Tiger presented the highest content in both oxalate and phytate. The results also revealed that eggplant fruits contain some percentage of minerals as follow: Mg (93.90-35.84 mg/100 g), P (19.33-11.70 mg/100 g), Fe (5.37-1.15 mg/100 g), Ca (32.26-13.70 mg/100 g) and K (88.13-41.99 mg/100 g). The calculated molar ratio of phytate/Ca was below the critical value excepted Italy molar ratio, while those of phytate/Fe and oxalate/Ca were above the critical value and this indicate the unavailable of calcium and iron in these studied eggplant varieties. However, this tendency may be reversed if boiling or cooking processes are applied. In view of these results, eggplant antinutritional factors, because of their antioxidant activity being able to have an anti-cancerous property, some authors would recommend to limit their degradation during the technological processes.
Farmers' markets have been suggested as a means to improve food access in food deserts. Though shown to occur and celebrated when they do, little is known about how often farmers markets locate in food deserts, what they look like, and how they compare to those in non-food deserts. This study explored the scope and size of markets by examining the number of vendors and types of goods available across 561 farmers' markets within food deserts in nine US States. Results suggest that two trends. First, markets within food deserts are statistically similar to those located in non-food deserts in relation types of goods for sale and the number of vendors. Second, though similar, markets are unequally distributed within food deserts in relation to race/ethnicity and resource distribution. Collectively these results show that farmers' markets are prevalent in food deserts while also highlighting areas for further improvement.
Effect of soaking in water and acetic acid solutions to improve nutritional qualities of cowpea was studied. Cowpeas were soaked in tap water, 1 and 2% acetic acid solutions at 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours. Afterwards, phytates and minerals (Fe and Zn) content were quantified. the phytates content of soaked cowpea grain decreased with the acidity of the soaking solution and the duration of treatment. Compared to the raw material, phytates content decrease by 1.48 to 37.59% in samples soaked in tap water at 4 to 24 hours. Likewise, the phytates content decrease by 7.98 to 41.69 in samples soaked in 1 and 2% acetic acid solution at the same soaking time. The best reduction of phytates content (41.69%) is obtained with acetic acid 2% within 24 hours. Regarding minerals, a slight variation with soaking time in their content was obtained. Acetic acid solutions induced a significant removal of zinc but not for iron. The results revealed that for the two treatment, soaking with vinegar for 24h allows a better reduction of phytates with the best bioavailability of iron but low for zinc; soaking in tap water during 24h gives a good bioavailability for iron and a moderate one for zinc.So, we can say that, if intention is to obtain a product rich in iron with less phytates, it is preferable to use 2% acetic acid for 24h which can be adopted in households.
An accelerator- based elemental study of powder milk, i.e. formula milk and full-cream powder milk was performed using proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. Concentration levels of various trace elements in twelve (12) different brands of milk samples including formula milk and full-cream powder milk that were commonly consumed in Bangladesh, were determined to reveal what types of nutrients might be passed from powder milk to babies. The experiments have been done with the 3 MV horizontal type (KN 3000) positive ion Van de Graaff accelerator at the Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka (AECD). Full-cream powder milk samples were characterized by higher concentrations of S, Cl, K, Ca and Br compare to that in formula milk samples by overlapping concentration ranges of their elements. The concentration of elements examined in this work falls within or nearer the values reported in the literature except for Fe, Zn and Br as indicated earlier. Special interest of this research was to search for certain toxic elements which include Cd, Hg, Pb etc. because of their negative roles in enhancing infant mortality rates, but none of them was detected in both the cases. The Standard Reference Material 1633b (Coal Fly Ash) and IAEA Milk Powder (A-11) were also examined, and the measured values of trace elements were compared with the given certified values and found to be compatible.
Fruits and Vegetables are a rich source of vitamins & minerals and protect us from micronutrient deficiencies as well as gastrointestinal imbalances. Increasing demand for fruits & vegetables in recent few years have also led to an exponential increase in the occurrence of foodborne illnesses. These foodborne illnesses have often been linked to the pathogens found in fruits & vegetables, residual pesticides as well as organic & inorganic deposits. Household decontamination methods & techniques form the last barrier to prevent the illness carriers in the entire supply chain from farm to fork. In this review, we have summarized various decontamination techniques employed at household level to ensure safe intake. The techniques range from potable water wash to chemical aids to heat treatments to modern methods employed to reduce microbial load, residual pesticide level and organic/inorganic non-natural contaminants. No single technique was able to cleanse the produce as well as preserve integrity & sensorial parameters. Hence, multiple hurdle concept for combination technologies is the preferred way for future decontamination strategies. There is a need for research in identifying complimenting technologies, which can be used in combination to reduce contaminants as well as preserve the organoleptic properties and shelf life of produce.
Data on Gambian foods is few and far between; this research looks at vitamin C content of selected Gambian foods. Ten different Local Gambian Foods were analysed for their vitamin C content in aqueous solutions using titrimetric method and results obtained suggested that the amount of vitamin C in these samples is sufficient for human daily requirement. Results of the analysis further showed that five of the samples analysed ranged from 27.47 to 60.23mg/100g, while the other five samples ranged from 117.72 to 703.88mg/100g. Detarium senegalenses has the highest amount of vitamin C content.
Punicalagin is a natural compound that extracted from pomegranate husk and can be used as valuable by product. Antioxidant effect of punicalagin on the oxidative stability of sesame oil upon storage was assessed and compared with synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxy tolouene (BHT). Sesame oil sample was categorized into three groups, sesame oil alone, sesame oil with BHT and sesame oil with punicalagin. All samples monitored and tested throughout 60 days. Tested experiments involved peroxide value (PV) to identify the primary products of oil oxidation, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive substances (TBARS) and P-Ansidine value (PAV) both to identify the secondary products of oxidation. Moreover, total oxidation index (TOTOX) was calculated to evaluate the overall oxidation status of sesame oil samples.The results at day 30 and 60 revealed that the presence of punicalagin with sesame oil significantly reduced PV, PAV and TOTOX while it significantly inhibited TBARS formation at day 60 only in comparison with sesame oil alone. Moreover, the results of sesame oil with BHT exhibited significant reduction in PAV and TOTOX when compared to oil with punicalagin. These findings indicated a substantial potential for using punicalagin as natural antioxidant to improve the quality of sesame oil during storage.
