VAAI are a frequent complication in HD patients. Some primary risk factors are prolonged treatment duration and repeated Vascular Access (VA) manipulation. There is a lack of evidence regarding the use of NaOCl solutions in HD. A group of HD patients that used 0.057% NaOCl isotonic, stabilized, antimicrobial and non-cytotoxic solution (Anasept®) as antiseptic for catheter care and presented low VAAI rates is described. A retrospective crosssectional study involving patients with Central Venous Catheters (CVCs), tunneled (TCVC) and non-tunneled (NTCVC) followed from January 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024, and divided into two groups: those who developed VAAI (VAAI) and those who did not (NoVAAI). Primary endpoint was the VAAI infection rate; secondary endpoints were analysis of microorganisms in blood cultures and VA replacement percentage. 102 patients were included: 44% (45/102) had VAAI, while 56% (57/102) did not. Overall VAAI rate was 0.50 episodes per 1,000 catheter-days, with 0.39 episodes per 1,000 catheter-days in TCVC and 1.16 episodes per 1,000 catheter-days in NTCVC. Staphylococcus spp. accounted for 29% of blood culture isolates, followed by polymicrobial infections (16%) and Enterobacter cloacae (11%) as the most common pathogens. 84% of microorganisms showed high sensitivity to antimicrobials. 19% of patients required VA replacement; 4% (4 patients) VAAI was the direct indication for the access change. VAAI rates would fulfill with KDOQI current international recommendations (<1.5 episodes per 1,000 catheter-days) making that 0.057% NaOCl isotonic, stabilized, antimicrobial and non-cytotoxic solution (Anasept®) in HD catheter would be an interesting for further research.
Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in children is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Objective: To study the incidence, clinical profile and short-term outcomes of community-acquired acute kidney injury in hospitalized children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Patients and methods: We conducted a three-year retrospective study from October 31, 2018, to September 30, 2021. All pediatric inpatients, aged 29 days to 15 years, who met the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 criteria for AKI were included. Results: A total of 41 children were included, with an incidence of 13.66 cases per 1000 hospitalizations. The mean age was 6.89 ± 7 years, with a sex-ratio of 2.15. Fever was present in 85.36% of patients. Diarrhea and vomiting, as well as oliguria/anuria, were present in 31.71% of cases. Mean blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were 31.14 ± 19.72 mmol/L and 764.42 ± 440.22 μmol/L, respectively. All patients had stage 3 AKI. The main etiologies of AKI were malaria (58.53%) and sepsis (19.51%). Seventeen (41.46%) patients underwent hemodialysis sessions, the primary indications for which were azotemia (88.23%) and severe metabolic acidosis (70.58%). Children who received hemodialysis were significantly older (p=0.033) and had higher mean plasma creatinine (p=0.003) and hemoglobin levels (p=0.029) at admission. At discharge, complete renal recovery was observed in 36.58% of patients. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.88%. Conclusion: In our setting, community-acquired AKI was stage 3 in all children and of infectious origin in the majority of cases. Conventional hemodialysis was the only renal replacement therapy available due to resource constraints.
Medical residency is a crucial experience in the life of physicians during their training as specialists, in which various aspects converge, such as clinical workload, knowledge acquisition, and the development of clinical competencies. In Mexico, one of the challenges faced by the medical residency system is balancing these aspects within a hospital environment with high clinical demand, especially in the public sector. This study aimed to describe the perception of Nephrology residents regarding their training process, exploring axes such as teaching methodologies, available resources, clinical supervision, evaluation methods, research work, and psychological well-being. A cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study was conducted through electronic forms distributed to Nephrology residents from various hospital sites across the country via instant messaging. The results demonstrate considerable variability among these sites, a predominance of traditional teaching strategies, and a reliance on self-directed learning. The findings shed light on different areas of opportunity such as supervision, feedback, research, and attention to well-being. The opinion of most study participants supports the need for a reform of the educational system of medical residencies in Mexico.
Background: Unplanned Hemodialysis (uHD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to late referral of patients. This study aimed to determine the short-term outcomes and associated factors with mortality of uHD initiation in the Kidney Failure (KF) course. Methods: We conducted a 9 months prospective longitudinal study including patients above 18 years old with KF starting uHD for an emergency in one of the two only public centres of the Cameroonian Capital: Yaoundé General Hospital (YGH) and Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH). Each patient was followed for the first three months after HD initiation. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 for Windows. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 158 (67.7% male, mean age 50.8 years) included patients, 45 (28.5%) died within three months. The short-term evolution was marked by a hospital stays of ˃ 3 days in 48.1% (n=76), the occurrence of nosocomial infection in 2.5% (n=4), a good HD adherence in 69.6% (n=110), an abandonment rate in 3.8% (n=6) and catheter-related infection in 19% (n=30). The main causes of death were sepsis (44.4%, n=20), mostly of catheter origin (24.4%, n=11), followed by uremia (20%, n=9) and cardiovascular disease (17.7%, n=8). After multivariate analysis, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (p=0.036, aOR; 12.2) was an independent predictor of mortality. Conclusion: More than a quarter of uHD patients die within three months after initiation. Catheter-related infection is the commonest complication, and nearly half of patients die of sepsis from catheter, uremia, and cardiovascular diseases. Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is a predictor of shortterm mortality.
Introduction: The phalanus involvement in advanced chronic kidney disease is highly variable. The objective was to study the phalanus involvement of patients at the stage of renal failure under conservative treatment followed at the National University Hospital of Cotonou (Benin) in 2024. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with analytical aims, carried out from March 1 to August 31, 2024. All patients aged at least 18 years with a GFR < 15 ml/min/1.73m2 for at least three months. The identification of associated factors was possible thanks to a multiple logistic regression model at the 5% threshold. Result: Of the 201 patients included, 29 had nail involvement, representing a frequency of 12.9%. The average age of the affected subjects was 48.36 ± 12.65 years with a sex ratio of 2.22. The nail involvements found were equisegmented nails (9.3%), leukonychia (3.1%) and alopecia (1.3%). Associated factors were high body mass index (p=0.023 ORa =0.31; 95% CI=0.08-1.92), hyperphosphatemia (p=0.0201, ORa=14.01; 95% CI=1.17- 43.49) and regular use of erythropoietin (p=0.0032, ORa =8.33; 95% CI=2.13-9.02). Conclusion: The complications of chronic renal failure are frequent, variable and multifactorial. Their prevention would require early detection and good monitoring.
Introduction: Severe malaria is a major cause of morbidity and is frequently complicated by Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). This study aimed to identify the factors associated with AKI in children with severe malaria at the Borgou and Alibori Departmental Teaching Hospital (CHUD-B/A) in Benin. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study from June 1 to August 31, 2024. All children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized for severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria were enrolled consecutively. AKI was defined and staged according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 criteria. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with AKI. Results: Of the 204 children with severe malaria, 43 (21.1%) developed AKI. The mean age was 57.1 ± 37.6 months. AKI was classified as Stage 1 in 46.5% of cases, Stage 2 in 4.7%, and Stage 3 in 48.8%. Oliguria was observed in 86.0% of patients with AKI. The development of AKI was significantly associated with the presence of hepatomegaly (OR=11.1, p<0.001), splenomegaly (OR=2.8, p=0.004), coma (OR=2.8, p=0.001), jaundice (OR=5.4, p=0.03), and hemoglobinuria (OR=4.8, p<0.001). Conclusion: AKI is a frequent and severe complication of pediatric malaria in this setting, strongly associated with clinical markers of high parasite burden and hemolysis. Early identification of these risk factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
The Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) trial was a randomized control trial conducted to determine the safety of using a Pulmonary Artery Catheter (PAC) to guide therapy in patients hospitalized with severe heart failure. A study from the ESCAPE trial suggests that Rise in Serum Creatinine (RSC) in acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) is not a negative sign, especially if fluid overload is optimally treated. More aggressive diuresis is usually employed on 1st day of ADHF hospitalization followed by down titration of diuretics as the degree of congestion decreases, and rise of 1st follow-up creatinine is expected. We studied the characteristics and outcomes of subjects with versus without rise of 1st follow-up creatinine. Rise in 1st follow-up creatinine was not associated with any of 12 ESCAPE trial outcomes variables that we examined. This argues against discontinuing diuretic therapy in an overloaded ADHF patient merely because of rise in 1st follow-up creatinine. Since the kidney in this instance is acting appropriately to diurese a congested patient, we find that this benign rise in 1st follow up creatinine is a reflection of renal success through protecting the patient from the graver danger of cardiorespiratory failure.
A 69-year-old patient with multiple comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF), cor pulmonale, severe pulmonary hypertension, stage IV chronic kidney disease, type II cardiorenal syndrome, and sick sinus syndrome with pacemaker presented with worsening dyspnea, orthopnea, and progressive lower limb edema over 72 hours. Initial examination revealed hypotension, pulmonary hypoventilation, tricuspid systolic murmur, jugular engorgement, and bilateral pitting edema. Diagnostic imaging showed pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and cardiomegaly. Laboratory tests indicated hyperazotemia, hypertransaminasemia, and hyperbilirubinemia, with an ALT/LDH ratio of 0.3. VEXUS protocol ultrasound confirmed moderate to severe congestion, while echocardiogram demonstrated right chamber dilation and severe pulmonary hypertension. The patient was diagnosed with cardiogenic shock, acute liver injury due to ischemic hepatitis secondary to decompensated CHF, acute-on-chronic kidney disease, and type II cardiorenal syndrome. Due to clinical deterioration, including refractory oliguria and worsening edema, the patient was admitted to ICU for vasoactive support and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT). Treatment with VVHDF achieved a significant negative fluid balance over 72 hours, leading to gradual improvement in hemodynamics and venous congestion. The patient was transitioned to intermittent dialysis and eventually discharged on Dapagliflozin, Spironolactone, and Valsartan. Two months post-discharge, improved renal function allowed discontinuation of dialysis. This case highlights the complex management of cardiorenal syndrome complicated by ischemic hepatitis, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and aggressive management of congestion through diuretics and, when necessary, renal replacement therapy. The successful outcome demonstrates the effectiveness of a comprehensive treatment approach in managing multiple organ dysfunction.
Objectives: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) may be prevalent among patients with urinary tract infection, in the presence of certain risk factors. We aim to identify the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of AKI among that patient population. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection who had at least two serum creatinine measurements were selected. The KDIGO definition of AKI was applied. The outcomes were baseline and discharge serum creatinine changes, renal recovery, and requirement of dialysis and in-hospital mortality. Analysis was performed using the unpaired t-test, two sample t-test, Pearson’s Chi square and binary logistic regression, as indicated. Results: Sixty-four percent developed AKI in which 47% were found to have Stage I, 24.2% Stage II, 28.8% Stage 3 AKI and 64.6% regained serum creatinine around their baseline. Younger age < 40 years had lower risk of AKI (ORs 0.36; 95% CI 0.190.67; p=0.001). Mean ± SD baseline serum creatinine and discharge serum creatinine were significantly higher in UTI-AKI patients (63.2 ± 21.2 vs 97.1 ± 67.8 µmol/L (p=<0.001) and 62.5 ± 23.1 vs 130.9 ± 151.2 µmol/L (p=<0.001), respectively, with wider variance ratio (p=<0.001). A higher risk of AKI was observed in patients with CKD and ICU admission. (ORs 11.4; 95% CI 1.46, 88.97; p=0.020, ORs 9.6; 95% CI 1.15,80.25; p=0.036, respectively). Usage of antihypertensives and PPIs increased the risk of AKI (95% CI 1.08, 3.31; p=0.024 and 95% CI 1.138, 3.167; p=0.014). Three percent required dialysis. Mortality was 0.6% in patients with AKI.
Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease mortality is still increasing every year. Hemodialysis is the basis for chronic end-stage renal disease management in Benin. Purpose: To study the survival of hemodialysis patients at the Departmental Teaching Hospital of Borgou and Alibori (CHUD-B/A) from 2016 to 2021. Methods: We performed a cohort study with retrospective data collection on 104 hemodialysis patients during the study period. Data was recorded on the KoBo Toolbox platform and analyzed with SPSS 26 software. Survival was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The median survival time for hemodialysis patients was 3 months with a mean survival time of 7.4 ± 1.3 months. The overall mortality rate was 78.9%. Predictors of mortality in hemodialysis patients were occupational status (p=0.027), underlying kidney injury (p=0.010), associated cirrhosis (p=0.019), type of vascular access (p=0.006), and duration of hemodialysis sessions (p=0.044). Conclusion: Survival of hemodialysis patients in CHUD-B/A is low. Efforts to prevent cardiovascular risk factors minimize infectious complications and free dialysis could improve the survival of hemodialysis patients.
Background: The efficacy of triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios have been demonstrated as predictors of adverse cardiovascular events and mortality predictors in healthy patients. However, limited studies have been performed to evaluate their efficacy as mortality predictors in hemodialysis patients. Methods: An observational, retrospective, case-control study was performed on a total of 586 patients enrolled with treatment of end-stage kidney disease on hemodialysis treated in the Hemodialysis Unit of Centro Medico Siglo XXI, Mexico from January 2019 to December 2022. The medical records, albumin levels, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, TG/HDL- C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C serum levels were recorded. The TG/HDL- C ratio and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio were categorized into quintiles. The association of both TG/HDL- C ratio and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio and mortality were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, considering a p =< 0.05 as a statistically significant value. Results: A total of 586 patients were enrolled. They were distributed as 148 deceased patients (cases) and 436 living patients living (control). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TG/HDL-C ratio (1.70-2.46), increases by 1.16 times the risk of death (2.16 OR, 95% CI 1.155 - 4.004), while quintile 3 of non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio (2.47 - 3.46) show a tendency of increase the risk of death (1.015 OR, 95% CI 0.526 - 1.957) with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.965). Conclusions: The TG/HDL-C ratio has potential to predict mortality in hemodialysis patients. The non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio failed as a prognostic tool, with no statistically significant results in the analysis.
Introduction: Obstetric Acute Renal Failure (ARF) is a serious, life-threatening complication for both mother and fetus. It is preventable, as it is often linked to a delay or poor management of a given complication. In Kayes, there are no data on the prevalence of obstetric ARF, hence the interest of this study, which aimed to describe the socio-clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary characteristics of this entity of renal failure at the Fousseyni DAOU Hospital in Kayes. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2023. All patients hospitalized in the gynecology-obstetrics department, the intensive care unit and the nephrology unit for ARF during or after pregnancy in the postpartum period were included. Results: From January 1 to December 31, 2023, we recorded 42 cases of obstetric ARF out of 1427 hospitalizations, representing a prevalence of 2.94%. Patients in the 20-35 age bracket accounted for 71.4% (30) of cases, with an average age of 26.61 years, and extremes of 17 and 42 years. Housewives accounted for 90.5% (38 cases), followed by students 4.7% (2 cases). They had no schooling (64.3%), primary education (33.4%) and secondary education (2.4%). Multiparous women were the most represented at 42.8%, with an average parity of 2.4. Multigestation represented 14 cases or 33.3%. Pre-eclampsia was the most common reason for hospitalization, accounting for 30.9%. Patients in their third trimester of pregnancy accounted for 85.7%. Headache, dizziness and fever were the main symptomatological manifestations, at 71.4%, 64.3% and 33.3% respectively. Creatinine levels ranged from 200 to 400 µmol/l in 45.3% of cases, with a mean value of 400.28 µmol/l. Hemoglobin levels were between 7.1 and 10 g/dl in 42.8% of cases, with an average of 8.44g/dl and extremes of 3 and 13.80g/dl. The most frequent etiology was pre-eclampsia, at 57.1%. Acute renal failure occurred in the postpartum period, 2nd trimester and first trimester in 87.5% (36 cases), 9.5% (4ca) and 4.8% (2 cases) respectively. The patients had given birth vaginally in 78% of cases, and by Caesarean section in 22% (6 cases). The indication for caesarean section was RetroPlacental Haematoma (RPH), eclampsia and uterine rupture in respectively 5 cases (62.5%), 2 cases (25%) and 1 case (12.5%). The evolution was marked by total recovery of renal function in 27 cases (63.4%), death in 8 cases (19%), discharge against medical advice in 5 cases (11.9%). At fetal level, we recorded 18 (42.9%) live births, 15 (35.7%) stillbirths, 6 (14.3%) in utero deaths and 3 (7.1%) spontaneous abortions.
Introduction: Septic shock is a severe state of shock frequently encountered in intensive care, associated with high mortality. It is defined as sepsis with persistent hypotension despite adequate vascular filling, associated with the presence of abnormalities in tissue perfusion. The aim was to analyse the severity of septic shock in intensive care.
Introduction: Dysnatremia is a hydro-electrolytic disorder frequently encountered in neuro-resuscitation. Dysnatremia can be a reason for hospitalization in the intensive care unit when it is deep-rooted or rapid-onset, or a complication acquired during hospitalization, which can have an adverse effect on prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical characteristics and to analyse the prognosis of dysnatremia occurring in cerebrospinal patients in the Intensive Care Unit of the CHU La Renaissance in N’Djamena.
Introduction: This work reported on the profile of patients hospitalized in the nephrology unit of the regional hospital of Thies in Senegal from 2019 to 2021.
Introduction: Hyperkalemia is commonly asymptomatic in chronic kidney disease (CKD), with the result that not taking it into account continues to be fatal. The main objective was to determine the frequency of hyperkalemia in patients with and without dialysis in Mexico.
Introduction: Obstructive anuria represents a medical and surgical emergency, sometimes necessitating immediate extrarenal replacement therapy. Our study aims to delineate the profile of hemodialyzed patients with obstructive acute renal failure (OARF), detailing indications for hemodialysis and observing the course of the condition. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study covers the period from 2019 to 2022, encompassing all patients with OARF requiring emergency dialysis at the Nephrology Department of the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Data analysis was performed using EPI Info software version 3.3.2 (CDC, Atlanta, USA). Results: The study involved 39 patients, with 69.23% being male. The average age was 58.10 years, and oliguria was the primary presenting symptom (82%). Tumoral obstruction accounted for 76%, while lithiasic obstruction constituted 14%. Two cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis were observed (2.8%). Neoplastic origins included prostate, bladder, cervical, and rectal cancers in 46.67%, 33.33%, 16.67%, and 3.33% of cases, respectively. Indications for hemodialysis were poorly tolerated uremia, acidosis, hyperkalemia, and pulmonary edema in 79.1%, 38.57%, 19.49%, and 13.21% of cases, respectively. The mortality rate was 25.64%. Conclusion: The reliance on hemodialysis in obstructive anuria underscores a delay in patient management. Emergency treatment revolves around urinary tract drainage, followed by addressing the underlying cause. Prevention hinges on early and adequate management of various causal pathologies.
Objective: Obstructive uropathy and its surgical management. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study carried out in the urology department of Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca over a 12-month period (April 2019-March 2020). It included 63 cases of patients hospitalized for obstructive renal failure. We included all patients with renal failure due to a documented malignant pathology. Results: Most of the patients were men (n = 45, 71.4%). The mean age was 60.2 years, with the most affected age group between 51 and 60 years. Forty-three patients (68.3%) were being treated for cancer. The clinical symptoms were diverse, dominated by low back pain. The bladder was the first organ affected by a tumor process. Renal function was impaired in all patients. Twenty patients (31.7%) (n=20) underwent dialysis prior to any bypass. The percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) was inserted in 56 patients (88.9%) (n=56), the double J catheter in 5 patients (7.9%) (n=5), and 2 patients (3.2%) (n=2) had a percutaneous nephrostomy and a double J catheter inserted contralaterally. Conclusions: In this cohort, bladder tumor was the main cause of obstructive renal failure. Percutaneous nephrostomy was the main mode of diversion used in our center. This choice was dictated by epidemiology and center experience not having a success rate of double J ureteral catheter placement in obstructive renal failure secondary to bladder tumor.
Introduction: Imbalance in copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) homeostasis is a frequent finding in patients undergoing dialysis. These patients have higher serum Cu and lower serum Zn levels compared to controls. This study is designed to investigate the relationship between blood Cu and Zn levels and Cu/Zn ratio and, ESA (erythropoietin stimulating agent) dosage, erythropoietin responsiveness and anemia in dialysis patients. Methods: Clinical and demographic data for 151 participants (men=79) with a median dialysis vintage of 69.7 months [101 on Hemodialysis (HD), 50 on Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)] and mean age of 56.25±15.6 years was collected in November 2022. Zn and Cu levels were measured with atomic absorption. Erythropoietin responsiveness was evaluated by the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) and ESA dosing. Results: In HD patients, mean serum Zn and Cu levels were 61.33 ± 15.77 μg/dL and 95.1 ± 21.1 µg/dL, respectively, with a Cu/Zn ratio of 1.58 ± 0.69. In PD patients, mean serum Zn and Cu levels were 54.8 ± 10.3 µg/dL and 97 ± 20.2 µg/dL, respectively, with a Cu/Zn ratio of 1.72 ± 0.55. In Spearman analyses serum Cu was negatively correlated with hemoglobin (p=0.018), serum iron (p=0.03), transferrin saturation (p=0.019), and iron supplementation (p <0.01) in the HD patient group. Serum Cu was found to be positively correlated with erythropoietin (EPO) dosage (p=0.03), ERI (p=0.04), high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) (p=0.01), and Kt/V (p=0.033). Cu/Zn ratio was positively correlated with EPO dosage (p=0.043), ERI (p=0.051) and hsCRP (p=0.015). Conversely, it was negatively correlated with iron supplementation (p=0.014) and serum albumin levels (p=0.049). Serum Zn levels was solely correlated with albumin level (p=0.039). In PD, patient’s serum Cu level was correlated positively with hsCRP (p=0.036); serum Zn levels correlated positively (p=0.01), and Cu/Zn ratio was correlated negatively with albumin (p=0.042). Conclusion: This study has shown a possible association between both serum Cu and Cu/Zn ratio, ESA dosage and hsCRP in HD patients.
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden and potentially reversible reduction in kidney function, as measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) affecting the exocrine functions of the kidney. It engages the short-term vital prognosis and the long-term renal function prognosis. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objective was to study the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of acute renal failure in children at the Renaissance University Hospital Center and Mother and Child University Hospital in N’Djamena, Chad. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study for six months from March to August 2020. All children aged 1 year to 15 years that were hospitalized in the emergency room of the Mother and Child University Hospital and went for follow-up consultations in the Nephrology and Dialysis Department of the Renaissance University Hospital Center with acute renal failure defined by the KDIGO 2012 criteria were included in the study. The data were analyzed by Excel 2019 and SPSS 18.0 with significance (p<0.05). Results: Thirty children were included in the study with a hospital prevalence of 0.56%. The mean age was 8.33 years with a sex ratio of 3.28. The average consultation time was 10.1 days. Vomiting was the main reason for consultation (46.7%). About 27% of patients had oligoanuria. There were 86% of the cases that were anemic, half of which were severe. Mean serum creatinine was 434.02 µmol/l and the mean urea level was 26.86 mmol/l. Severe malaria was the main cause of AKI (33.3%). All patients suffering from malaria received antimalarials based on artemisinin derivatives. Intermittent hemodialysis was indicated in 22 patients (73.4%). The evolution was marked by a total recovery of renal function in 20 patients, 8 deaths and 2 transitions to chronic kidney disease. Deaths were statistically related to AKI severity, age range 1-5 years, femoral catheters and infections (p<0.0000). Conclusion: Acute kidney injury is an uncommon pathology in pediatrics and in Chad. It is often linked to severe malaria and has a high mortality rate.
