The rapid increase in organic waste generation, water contamination, and soil degradation presents major global environmental challenges. Conventional treatment methods, including activated carbon adsorption, chemical remediation, and bulk biochar application, are effective but often limited by high cost, low selectivity, and reduced efficiency for emerging contaminants. Nanobiochar has recently gained attention as an advanced alternative due to its enhanced physicochemical properties; however, a comprehensive understanding of its production, performance, and large-scale applicability remains limited. This review provides a systematic evaluation of nanobiochar derived from organic waste within the framework of sustainable resource management and circular bioeconomy. It examines production pathways involving pyrolysis followed by size reduction and surface modification techniques, including ball milling, sonication, and chemical treatment, along with key characterization approaches. Nanobiochar demonstrates significantly improved surface area (200–500 m2/g), porosity, and functional groups compared to conventional biochar, leading to enhanced adsorption capacity and reactivity. In wastewater treatment, removal efficiencies exceeding 90–99
Water contamination and its remediation are currently considered a major concern worldwide. This study depicts the effectiveness of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4) for the remediation of Malachite Green dye (MG) from aqueous solutions. The cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were simply prepared hydrothermally and then used as adsorbent with respectable advantages of high uptake capacity and surface area. Numerous analytical methods were used to characterize the prepared nanoparticle material. The strong (311) peak in the XRD pattern confirmed the distinctive spinel structure of CoFe2O4. Their cubic structure was visible in SEM picture, and VSM analysis revealed a saturation magnetization of 61.2 emu/g. Several variables were examined regarding MG dye adsorption efficiency, including pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent amount, and temperature. An exothermic, spontaneous adsorptive removal process was proved by thermodynamic analysis. While isotherm study displaying Langmuir behaviour and produced a maximum adsorption capacity of 139.56 mg/g. Additionally, kinetic data fit the pseudo-second-order model well. The recommended methodology was implemented for the recovery of different concentrations of MG dye spiked to some real water samples with high efficiency. The obtained results showed that CoFe2O4 nanoparticles can be used as a promising material for the adsorptive removal of MG dye from aqueous solutions in a high-capacity, effective, affordable, and reusable manner.
The myxomycetes are important components of edaphic microbiota, contributing to nutrient cycling and the regulation of microbial communities. However, toxicological studies involving these organisms remain scarce, and little is known about their responses to xenobiotics widely used in agriculture. In this study, we evaluated the cytogenotoxic effects of the glyphosate formulation Roundup® Transorb R on Fuligo septica (L.) Wiggers through spore germination assays, comet assay in myxamoeba, and morphophysiological analyses of the plasmodium. Spores were exposed to glyphosate concentrations ranging from 0.003 to 1.50 mg mL−1. Germination was progressively reduced at intermediate concentrations (0.03–0.20 mg mL−1), while concentrations ≥ 0.50 mg mL−1 strongly inhibited germination, reaching 100
The oil industry has historically been central to global energy supply, yet its operations cause serious ecological damage and socio-political challenges. Although prior research has examined technological, policy, and stakeholder-based mitigation measures separately, a systematic synthesis of how their integration influences environmental mitigation remains lacking. This review addresses that gap by systematically analyzing recent literature on the environmental impacts of the oil industry and mitigation pathways, focusing on technology, policy/legislative frameworks, and stakeholder engagement. Following the PRISMA framework, 525 records were identified and screened; 131 studies published between 2005 and 2025 were included in the final synthesis. The central research question is: What is the relationship between an integrated Tech-Policy-Engagement strategy and its effectiveness in mitigating the oil industry’s environmental impact? The central hypothesis of this research is that the effectiveness of ecological mitigation is contingent upon a synergistic integration of Tech, Policy, and Engagement, where the combined effect is greater than the sum of its isolated parts. In this regard, A strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) analysis is carried out and discussed for all solutions for reducing the environmental impacts. The findings reveal that the ecological effects of the oil industry are multidimensional. Findings indicate that oil industry ecological impacts are multidimensional and require integrated technological, policy, and stakeholder measures. The review’s main contribution is an integrative Tech-Policy-Engagement (TPE) framework and comparative SWOT assessment, showing that effective mitigation demands a shift from fragmented actions to synergistic integration.
The treatment of industrial effluents containing persistent organic contaminants and toxic inorganic species has become a major priority in environmental engineering research due to their high chemical stability and serious environmental impacts. Among different treatment strategies, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) based on heterogeneous photocatalysts have attracted increasing interest because of their effective utilization of renewable solar energy and their ability to achieve complete mineralization of pollutants. The Ag3PO4/Fe3O4 nanocomposite, through the simultaneous combination of the remarkable visible-light photocatalytic performance of silver phosphate and the superparamagnetic characteristics of iron oxide, has addressed important limitations such as rapid charge recombination and the difficulty of catalyst recovery from aqueous systems. This composite has received considerable attention owing to the formation of efficient heterojunction structures, which improve photostability and enable convenient magnetic separation. Therefore, this review article presents a detailed overview of recent synthesis approaches and charge transfer pathways. In addition, by assessing the efficiency of this nanocomposite in the removal of various pollutants—including dyes, persistent antibiotics, and heavy metals—it finally highlights future prospects for the large-scale application of this technology in industrial wastewater treatment.
