Salvia yangii (B.T. Drew) and Salvia abrotanoides (Kar.) Sytsma are perennial shrubs native to central-west Asia. Previous studies have highlighted the distinct metabolic profiles of these species, although little is known about the phytochemical profile of their tissue cultures. This study presents the first report on callus cultures of S. yangii and S. abrotanoides derived from various plant organs such as root, cotyledon, hypocotyl, petiole and leaf. The effect of two types of light and the supplementation of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on growth and metabolic profile was investigated. Specifically, white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a mix of blue and red LEDs in a 15:85 ratio were used, alongside kinetin or 6-benzyloaminopur in (1.0 mu M), 1-naphtalenieacetic acid (1.0 mu M), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.5 mu M). The UHPLC-DAD analysis showed rosmarinic acid (RA) as the predominant compound in extracts. Culture conditions significantly influenced the RA content, as well as the levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The study provides new insights into the tissue cultures of S. yangii and S. abrotanoides, enriching the current knowledge of these valuable species.
Chromosome numbers of 15 Hieracium s.str. species from Bulgaria, Greece, Poland and Slovakia are presented and their metaphase plates are illustrated. Chromosome numbers are published for the first time for H. babiogorense Szel & aogon;g 2n = 4x = 36, H. besseri Szel & aogon;g 2n = 4x = 36, H. boratynskii Szel & aogon;g 2n = 4x = 36, H. ferdinandi-coburgii J. Wagner & Zahn 2n = 4x = 36, H. purkynei & Ccaron;elak. 2n = 4x = 36, H. sourekii Szel & aogon;g 2n = 3x = 27, as well as three undescribed species of the H. diaphanoides agg. 2n = 3x = 27 and 2n = 4x = 36, H. rohacense agg. 2n = 4x = 36 and H. tephrosoma agg. 2n = 5x = 45.
Extracellular electrical potential measurements were applied to perform electrophysiological analyses of narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Spontaneous action potentials (SAPs) were investigated during three-day long Ag/AgCl electrode registration in the lupin stem under light/dark (LD), continuous light/light (CLL), and continuous very low light (CVLL). The average number of SAPs recorded during one day was approx. 5-7 per plant in the LD and CVLL conditions and on average approx. 9-20 SAPs per plant during the entire three-day measurements. No SAPs were recorded in the CLL conditions. The amplitude, half time of duration, velocity of propagation, time between two subsequent SAPs, and direction of propagation were described. Spontaneous APs propagated faster in CVLL (approx. 6 cm min-1) than SAPs in the LD conditions (approx. 4 cm min-1). In the CVLL conditions, spontaneous bursts of APs occurred more frequently (144 min. interval) than in the LD variant (233 min. interval). SAPs propagating from the roots and from the bottom of the stem towards the plant apex were the most common action potentials (85%). The spontaneous APs in lupin were visualized and drawn using a new informatics tool SAP Tracker. The hypothetical mechanism of SAP generation in intact lupin plants is discussed.
