Human development and sustainable development are closely interconnected, yet the relative contributions of human development components to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) remain insufficiently quantified. This study examines the empirical relationship between human development and sustainable development outcomes, with particular attention to education and innovation capacity. Using a global panel dataset covering 167 countries from 2015 to 2022, we analyse how the Human Development Index (HDI) and its core components influence overall SDG performance and selected goal-specific outcomes. Employing panel regression techniques with pooled, fixed-effects, and random-effects estimators, the results reveal a strong and robust positive association between human development and SDG achievement. Improvements in the HDI are consistently associated with higher SDG Index scores, both across and within countries over time. Disaggregated analysis shows that education-related variables, mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling exert the strongest and most immediate impact on sustainable development outcomes, while short-term variations in health indicators play a more limited role. Innovation-related outcomes are particularly sensitive to accumulated human capital, highlighting the importance of long-term investment in education for knowledge-based development. Additional convergence analysis indicates that countries with lower initial SDG performance tend to experience faster progress, suggesting meaningful catch-up potential when human development improves. Overall, the findings confirm that human development, particularly education, is a foundational driver of sustainable development and provide critical policy insights for countries seeking to strengthen sustainability outcomes and competitiveness in education- and innovation-driven sectors.
An increasing number of organisations have recognised that focusing on the well-being of their employees is a crucial factor for maintaining their competitiveness and sustainability. The sense of well-being among employees is influenced by both individual and organisational factors. One such individual factor is the extent to which an employee ruminates about work-related issues. We can distinguish between positive and negative topics and events in terms of rumination. Rumination can significantly impact our well-being because it makes it difficult to detach one's self psychologically from work. On the organisational side, workplace gossip can have a substantial effect on employees' well-being. Organisational gossip can also be categorised based on its impact: positive and negative gossip. But what kind of relationship can be observed among these three factors among Hungarian employees? Results indicate that positive workplace gossip has both a direct and an indirect effect on employee well-being through positive rumination, whereas the hypothesised mediation model for negative gossip was not supported.
In the context of European integration and acquiring the status of a country with an appropriate, internationally recognised level of IP integrity, this area and foreign experiences relating to it are extremely important and relevant for Ukraine.The main problems related to the formation of a state system of IP controlling bodies are: lack of a scientifically based vision of the content of the concept of "state IP supervision (control)"; insufficient consideration of foreign experience of institutional and legal mechanisms of control (supervision) over compliance with IP legislation; and a critical lack of a systematic approach to determining the form, features and content of the powers of IP controlling bodies.This article provides a theoretical and applied analysis of the concept and composition of control and supervisory relations in the IP sphere. A review of the existing institutional and legal mechanisms for monitoring compliance with legislation in the field of IP protection in foreign countries is carried out. The authors also formulate proposals for improving the institutional and legal framework for control and supervision activities in the IP sphere of Ukraine specifically.A definition for the concept of "state IP supervision (control)" is proposed, the necessity of distinguishing between the categories "object of state IP supervision (control)" and "object of control and supervisory IP relations" is substantiated, and the subjects of control and supervisory IP relations are differentiated. The authors also identify the blocks of acts regulating substantive and procedural control and supervisory IP relations.
This paper looks at the key role Sustainable Building Assessment Tools (SBATs) play in encouraging environmental friendliness in construction, focusing on national situations in Jordan, Türkiye, and Malaysia. As significant ecological damage from construction includes carbon emissions and resource depletion, the paper stresses the value of adjusting SBAT designs locally to fit each country's social and environmental needs. The research analyses how national green building guides address specific local challenges – such as water shortages, energy needs and growth in society and the economy – compared to generic global standards like LEED and BREEAM. This comparison is demonstrated through an Indoor Air Quality analysis in Jordan: one LEED-accredited, and the other certified by Jordan's local tool (JGBG). Using the customised SBAT maturity model, the study looks at each tool through the lens of dimensions such as regulatory embedment, how often it updates, how much it emphasises water efficiency, and the range of building types it addresses. The results classify tools into three levels based on their score (Initiation, Institutionalisation, Optimisation), which indicates that Malaysia's GBI (Green Building Index) tool is more advanced and applies to a broader range of issues (Optimisation). In contrast, Jordan and Turkey's SBATs must make essential improvements to be more compatible with other rules, need also to be updated more often, and cover more buildings (Institutionalisation). As the results imply, using and updating local SBATs is vital to supporting the sustainability transition in developing countries.
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has grown in importance as digital systems have become integral to daily life, increasing the need for interfaces that support a positive user experience (UX). Eye tracking has therefore become an important methodological approach in UX research, as visual information processing plays a central role in users' interactions with software. It provides detailed insight into attention patterns and user strategies during task completion, thereby enabling a more precise evaluation of how interface elements support or hinder efficient interaction. The theoretical section of this article presents the evolution and major milestones of eye-tracking technology, with a focus on its applications and evaluation possibilities within HCI (including heatmaps, scan path visualisations, and related quantitative indicators). The empirical section offers a meta-analysis of previous case studies to demonstrate the applicability of desktop-based eye tracking in assessing both general-purpose and UX-specific software. This article provides practical guidance for those intending to use desktop eye tracking, outlining the technology’s advantages and limitations to support future researchers and UX professionals.
Higher education institutions (HEIs) are increasingly required to improve service quality while addressing sustainability challenges. However, inefficiencies and waste within academic and administrative processes often undermine institutional performance. This study proposes an integrated approach combining Fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (fuzzy-FMEA), the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), and Waste Priority Categories (WPC) systematically to evaluate and prioritise critical waste occurrences in a private HEI in Indonesia. Fuzzy-FMEA was employed to address the uncertainty inherent in expert assessments and to generate a Fuzzy Waste Priority Number for ranking purposes. DEMATEL was then applied to map causal–effect relationships among the nine most critical waste occurrences, while WPC translated these results into actionable categories: eliminate, option, or acceptance. The analysis revealed that delayed campus facility repairs (C5) represent the most influential causal form of waste, while lecturer-task misalignment (D1), administrative overload (B6), and teaching preparation inefficiencies (A10) also emerged as critical issues. By prioritising the elimination of these waste occurrences, HEIs can simultaneously improve resource efficiency, enhance staff wellbeing, and strengthen student learning outcomes. The findings demonstrate that integrating fuzzy-FMEA, DEMATEL, and WPC provides a robust decision-support framework for aligning risk management with institutional sustainability strategies.
In emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), funds available for enabling the net-zero carbon transition are far below the level of investment required for a successful accomplishment. Nevertheless, a lot of EMDEs are making serious endeavours to deploy green financial instruments to support the transition. Among the internationally available financial instruments, green bonds (GBs) are especially significant due to their internationally regulated taxonomy, principles and classification of use of proceeds. The effectiveness of GB issuance is hard to measure but its relatedness to sustainable development goals (SDGs) has been proposed by the literature. This paper investigates the relationship between GB issuance and energy-related SDGs on the basis of a sample of 75 EMDEs in the period between 2000 and 2022. Besides renewable energy use and energy intensity, achievement of the ultimate goal of sustainable finances, carbon dioxide emission reduction, is also evaluated based on country-level statistics. We find only a few countries where all indicators have moved in the desired direction since the first issue of green bonds, and even fewer where this positive trend has persisted afterwards. Even when the short time series available for analysis is taken into account, the findings suggest that the dominance of renewable energy investment among the uses of GB proceeds does not necessarily entail any progress towards the net-zero emission targets. Overall, this highlights the necessity of stronger policy commitment and control.
Climate change may be associated with an increasing frequency of natural catastrophes, and possible ways of alleviating at least the related financial burden are of high importance. Catastrophe probabilities are low, but catastrophic events can have overwhelming effects, and insurance market solutions for catastrophe risk management are often unavailable. By focusing on the insurance industry's perspective, in which risk and profitability can be key decision factors, this paper aims to highlight a possible theoretical obstacle impeding further market development. In a stylised model the findings suggest that an essential feature of catastrophe risks (the inverse relationship between risk probability and risk impact) may lead to a situation where the theoretical availability of efficient insurance for low-probability high-impact risk is highly limited. This result underlines the value of appropriate catastrophe insurance and reinsurance product design that could theoretically contribute to alleviating efficiency problems.
The adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) has become increasingly essential for household-owned tourism businesses as they adapt to the demands of the digital transformation era. To explore the factors influencing ICT adoption intentions, a structured survey was conducted among household-owned tourism businesses in the Northern mountains of Vietnam. The collected data was analysed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. This study applies the Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) framework to identify the key determinants shaping ICT adoption intentions. The results indicate that several factors significantly impact the intention of household-owned tourism businesses to adopt ICT, including technological characteristics such as complexity, compatibility, and relative advantage, as well as organisational readiness, competitive pressure, and government support. Beyond identifying these influential factors, the study's theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, business owners, and researchers, enhancing the understanding of ICT adoption intention in the tourism sector.
This study examines how cultural memory is shaped through digital image searches and the selection of female role models by university students, with a focus on technical students' memories of 20th-century female figures. Drawing on Jan Assmann's theory of memory, we explore the interaction between mimetic, object-based, communicative, and cultural memory in online spaces. The paper is structured as follows: first, we provide a theoretical framework based on Assmann's concepts; next, we describe our mixed-method approach, which includes AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT), image analysis software, and content analysis of over 1600 images. Our findings suggest that online spaces both reinforce and transform historical narratives, often favouring mainstream representations of actresses and singers while marginalising lesser-known figures. Google searches and digital archives serve as primary sources of information, while algorithm-driven content influences the visibility of historical figures. This study highlights the challenges of authenticity in search results as well as the role of digital spaces in shaping cultural memory. By applying AI-based analysis, we present a model for integrating AI into humanities research and raise critical questions about digital forgetting, collective memory preservation, and the democratic accessibility of historical narratives. The findings underscore the role of education in promoting awareness of cultural memory in the digital environment.
A socially responsible company is expected to treat its employees in a humane way. We tested the hypotheses that a) the managers of familial businesses have a stronger humane orientation than the managers of non-familial businesses and b) a humane orientation has no negative effect on profitability. We conducted a questionnaire survey among managers in Hungarian manufacturing industry. A total of 197 managerial responses were received. We measured the humane orientation of the managers using the Leadership Competence Questionnaire module consisting of 36 items, which we grouped into the following factors beforehand: Self-efficacy, Performance motivation, Relationship orientation, Power motivation, Innovation, Openness. The group with the highest value for the humaneness factor was the group of highest productivity familial businesses. The ownership structure was found to have a greater influence on humane management than the domestic/foreign nature of the companies. At the same time, humane leadership was not typical for small businesses. We interpreted our results within the framework of situational leadership theory. A specific feature of this theoretical approach is that there is no single leadership style that can be said to be excellent, and that different leadership styles can be good if they are appropriate to the situation. We characterised leaders' relationship orientation as an indicator of humaneness, which is an effective leadership competence when used in appropriate situations.
The paper aims to cover a research gap in the analysis of certain enablers and their role in the success of science and technology parks (STPs). The goal of the research was to analyse the features of the enablers and point out their potential relationships with various success criteria. The outcomes of the research will help park management better understand STP behaviours. The analysis was done based on the survey data of 113 STPs. After definitions of enabler areas and success criteria plus a literature review, first the interrelations of enabler elements have been analysed using the Association Rule Mining method. Then, their relationship towards eight success criteria measurements have been studied using statistical analysis in order to find the key success drivers. Such a combination has rarely been used for analysing STPs in related research. According to the findings, there are apparent patterns and features within the analysed enabler areas. This is unique feature of the current paper, which highlights the necessity of taking a complex approach towards park services. It underlines the need for research, development and innovation competences and structures in STPs. The statistically relevant enablers as success drivers have revealed the importance of the presence of several factors (like management behaviour, park activities, service elements, etc.). This underlines that balanced development is crucial to successful parks achieving high-level performance.
This article examines social resilience among the Bucharest Nine (B9) countries and Ukraine amidst the intricate geopolitical landscape of Eastern Europe. It explores various aspects of social resilience, such as political structures, economic robustness, defence capabilities, social unity, and cultural identity, while also taking into account the influence of historical legacies, contemporary policies, and societal perceptions. The study constructs an integrated index of social resilience, amalgamating economic, political, social, and environmental parameters, thereby filling a critical void in the existing literature by providing a holistic understanding of a nation's social resilience. Key findings highlight divergent levels of social resilience among these nations, shown to be influenced by institutional trust, economic inclusivity, and environmental sustainability. Estonia emerges as the most resilient country with a "sufficient" level, while others like Hungary, Romania, and Ukraine fall within the "medium" resilience category. None of the research countries exhibited "high" or "low" level of social resilience. Consideration of the practical implications underlines the necessity for targeted strategies in bolstering institutional trust, economic inclusivity, environmental sustainability, and social cohesion. By offering a multi-dimensional viewpoint, this study can inform policy formulation, enhancing nations' capacities to navigate regional complexities and uphold societal integrity and national stability. Limitations such as the dynamic nature of social resilience factors and challenges in data availability, particularly in war-affected regions like Ukraine, are acknowledged. The study advocates for future research focusing on longitudinal studies and the influence of digital transformation and innovation on social resilience.
We show the evolution of the delay of gratification (DG) in 950 students aged 10–14 during coronavirus-induced home-based online education, by analysing data from two waves of voluntary online surveys. Students in the highest SES category experienced an absolute increase in DG, whereas those in the lowest SES category suffered a decrease, resulting in a widening SES gap between the groups over a relatively short 30-day period.
Research on the social and labour market impacts of robots increasingly emphasises the role of education in preparing future employees. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire-based survey conducted among engineering students. The survey was conducted using a measurement tool that was on the one hand partly developed in-house and on the other hand partly adapted from the General Attitudes Towards Robots Scale (GAToRS). The students (N = 320) expressed their views on the one hand how are their beliefs influenced by the experiences of robotisation they obtained in their studies or work? On the other hand what are their expectations regarding robotisation in the near future? The results indicate that they consider climate change, the scarcity of natural resources and the availability of fast and safe transport routes to be the factors that will have the greatest impact on human working conditions. The students see the role of expertise in Hungary changing in five years' time, with low-level skills being replaced by the need for specific competences. They believe that robots will create new working conditions and a new working culture that will replace physically demanding, dangerous and boring work. The survey also revealed that female students have stronger reservations and fears about robotisation than their male counterparts.
The lean startup (LS) methodology has become a widely used tool by entrepreneurs around the world. Despite its popularity, there are doubts about its scientific validity, particularly from an academic perspective. This article presents a literature review of the LS methodology. A search was conducted in the Scopus database, and 57 scientific articles were selected for analysis. The results are classified into four main categories: literature review, theoretical development and conceptual framework, measurement and effectiveness testing, and practical application. The findings indicate that while the methodology is still in a developmental phase, it is effective in promoting innovation and adaptability in various business contexts. Future research should focus on quantitative studies and longitudinal research to provide solid empirical evidence of its effectiveness, as well as explore its adaptation to different cultural, industrial, and geographical contexts.
The study aims to extend knowledge of how Discrepancy of Career Expectations, Perceived Career Crisis, and Wellbeing relate to each other, and thereby contribute to the theory and application of targeted wellbeing positive psychology interventions, with a special focus on Hungarian employees. Cross-sectional research was conducted to analyse whether there is a relationship between the level of Perceived Career Crisis and the Discrepancy between Current and Ideal Career Stages, the relationship between Perceived Career Crisis and Wellbeing, and which Wellbeing components seem to be overarching in the case of Perceived Career Crisis and Discrepancy. In the case of Discrepancy, there is a significant difference between distinct levels of Perceived Career Crisis. Our findings suggest that Autonomy, Optimism, and Empathy seem to be overarching Wellbeing components that might serve to reduce the potential negative outcomes of Discrepancy of Career Expectations and Perceived Career Crisis. Although further research is needed, these findings may help practitioners to further develop customised wellbeing and career management programmes, as well as to apply targeted interventions – as opposed to general solutions – to increase employees' career satisfaction.
This paper aims to contribute on a theoretical and empirical level to the solution of questions related to the use of social intelligence and Machiavellianism in the management profession, based on the theoretical treatment of the issue. It sets out to specify mutual differences and relationships relating to selected attributes of methodologies used to determine social intelligence and Machiavellianism in the conditions of managerial work. The research sample consisted of 234 participants (131 women) aged 28 to 40 (mean = 28.72; SD = 6.67). The respondents worked in both the private and public sectors in managerial and non-managerial positions. The data from the respondents were obtained by questionnaire methods, processed and analysed by mathematical-statistical methods at the descriptive and inductive statistical level, as well as more advanced statistical methods. The methods provided data on basic sociodemographic characteristics, social intelligence (MESI questionnaires) and Machiavellianism (VYSEDI). The results of the project contribution brought knowledge at the level of theoretical, empirical, as well as in the practical application of the acquired knowledge. Within the established hypotheses, we found statistically significant differences in selected attributes of social intelligence and Machiavellianism within the managers' workplace setting, as well as differences between managers and non-managers. We also identified mutual correlations between selected attributes in relation to age. On the basis of the presented results, findings and knowledge, as well as the summary and refinement of the results for practical applications, it can be concluded that the goal of the contribution has been fulfilled.
Changes in visitor preferences and lifestyle are giving rise to new forms of tourism. Coming to the forefront are new, unique experiences, which significantly support the development of experiential tourism, including activities such as scenic hot air balloon flights. Balloon flying allows clients to create an emotional experience and also serves as an educational and entertaining element. Even in this segment there is significant competition, companies are forced to offer a product according to the requirements of the clientele, which differ significantly not only by age, but also by gender. The aim of the article was to define the level of experience and satisfaction with the services based on a web review analysis, which was determined through quantitative assessment (scoring), willingness to recommend, and qualitative content analysis of individual reviews conducted using NVIVO (14) software. The research focused on identifying differences between reviews and recommendations of women and men of Czech clientele (226 reviews). Overall, the participants of the balloon flight rated the experience as very positive, most clients associated it with the words great, wonderful or even romantic. A quarter of the participants further recommended this form of experience. As part of the statistical testing, the dependence between the gender of the reviewer and the scope of the review, recommendation, and satisfaction was not confirmed. On the contrary, the dependence between gender and the choice of place for publishing a customer review was confirmed.
This paper examines the strategic profits and entrepreneurial expectations that accompany financing and investing in women-led businesses in Kosovo, India, and United Kingdom. Its main goal was to observe what the strategic profits and entrepreneurial expectations were for these businesses, based on consideration of three factors: Factor 1 (Strategic profits and entrepreneurial expectations), Factor 2 (Financing and investing expectations), and Factor 3 (Strategic profits). Were these factors associated with one another when making financing and investment decisions, and which variables should be considered more carefully by businesses to improve performance, survive as a business and stay ahead of competitors, meet stakeholder expectations and achieve strategic profit forecasts? Through data processing (SPSS program for Windows 16) using tests and econometric analysis (descriptive, factorial, reliability, and multiple regression) the model shows that all three factors play a significant role in determining strategic profits and entrepreneurial expectations. However, it is suggested that if staff cannot quickly adapt to changes in the environment, and the managerial skills and correct leadership are not in place to execute ideas that increase profit, ensure the regular repayment of debts and loans, deploy innovative strategies, maintain a company's legal status and evaluate the work of employees, then businesses will struggle to increase their strategic profit and guarantee their market survival when compared to their competitors.
