Stahlianthus involucratus (King ex Baker) Craib ex Loes. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Stahlianthus, family Zingiberaceae. The plant is mainly found in the southwestern region of Vietnam. Its main chemical components are sesquiterpenoids with pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Research exploring the plant traits and phytochemicals of S. involucratus is scarce. This study aims to investigate in detail the botanical characteristics of S. involucratus cultivated in southwestern Vietnam in detail, alongside with descriptions of its macro- and micro-morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the ITS gene segment. Preliminary analysis of the plant's chemical composition revealed that it contains high levels of terpenoids and phenols, which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity. At 100 µg/mL, the leaf and rhizome ethanol extracts inhibited NO production by 32.50% and 61.23%, respectively. This study provides detailed images of the morphology and ITS sequence data, contributing to the accurate identification of S. involucratus in Vietnam. It also presents a preliminary analysis of the plant's chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity.
Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) is a high-value global commodity, yet its marketability is often compromised by mechanical injury, chilling injury, and physiological disorders like translucency. These issues are frequently linked to calcium (Ca) deficiency. While conventional soil and foliar Ca applications often suffer from low bioavailability, nanoparticles (<100 nm) differ from larger-sized materials in terms of physical strength, chemical reactivity, and electrical conductivity. This study evaluated the effects of nano-calcium (Nano-Ca) foliar sprays, combined with soil-applied gypsum (3,500 kg·ha⁻¹), on 'MD-2' pineapple quality. Two experiments compared various Nano-Ca dosages (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 L·ha⁻¹) against conventional Ca sources (CaCl2, Ca-boron, and Ca-glucoheptonate) and an untreated control. Results across both experiments indicated that Nano-Ca significantly increased crown length and weight but had no effect on flesh firmness. Nano-Ca at 5.0 L·ha⁻¹ effectively eliminated translucency (reducing scores to 0.00) and significantly lowered electrolyte leakage (by up to 16.7%), indicating enhanced membrane integrity. The findings demonstrate that Nano-Ca fertilization, in synergy with soil-applied gypsum, is a highly effective strategy for improving pineapple fruit quality.
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the oldest and most versatile crops, valued for its high-quality fiber and oil-rich seeds, and plays an important role in Uzbekistan’s agricultural diversification strategy. In Central Asia, particularly in the saline-prone regions of Uzbekistan and the Aral Sea basin, soil salinization has become a major constraint to sustainable flax production, highlighting the need for salt-tolerant and high-quality varieties. The development of superior flax genotypes in Uzbekistan requires integrating molecular-genetic approaches into conventional breeding methods. The characterization of germplasm resources, assessment of genetic diversity, and identification of favorable alleles are essential for breeding flax adapted to saline environments. Recent studies have identified the key cellulose synthase (CesA) genes associated with fiber quality and mechanical strength, as well as molecular markers (SSRs and SNPs) linked to oil content and stress tolerance. Strengthening field, greenhouse, and laboratory capacities for trait screening, combined with marker-assisted selection, genomic tools, and high-throughput phenotyping, can significantly accelerate the development of high-yielding, salt-tolerant, and quality-improved flax varieties. Integrating molecular data with field performance under the agroclimatic conditions of Central Asia and the Aral Sea region will support the creation of flax genotypes with enhanced productivity and industrial value.
Although work has been done to reverse the apical meristem syndrome in Capsicum, the inability of somatic embryos of this genus to become plants persists. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of different auxins (2,4-D, Picloram, Dicamba and AIA) at different concentrations (2.26, 4.52 and 9.05 μM) on the somatic embryos of C. annuum L. (Var. California Wonder) and C. chinense Jacq. (Var Mayan Ba'alché), during its in vitro development. The results show that both species formed embryos in all the treatments, independently of the auxin type and the concentration used. It was also observed that auxin significantly affected the morphology of the embryo, regardless of his type of auxin. Thus, in the embryos developed in the presence of 2,4-D, the fusion of cotyledons and cup shape predominated (75%). In the embryos from the treatments with Picloram or with AIA the pin phenotype predominated (65 and 72%, respectively), these embryos never emitted cotyledons; however, the embryos from Dicamba (2.26 μM), the majority (76%) emitted pseudo-cotyledons and germinated, showing apparently normal morphology (like-normal) although they did not develop in plants. These allow inferring that the deformation of the apical axis may be associated with the exogenous-endogenous balance of auxin during the development of the somatic embryo of both species of Capsicum.
The consumption of local plant species is important for improving food security and nutrition in Indigenous communities in Mexico. In this study, we characterized seven species with underground storage organs, locally known as camotes, which are traditionally consumed in Indigenous communities in Oaxaca, Mexico: Xanthosoma robustum, Dahlia coccinea, Ipomoea batatas, Sicyos edulis, Dioscorea remotiflora, Manihot esculenta, and Tigridia pavonia. Ethnobotanical information was collected, and proximate composition, mineral content, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were determined. Camote consumption persists in Indigenous communities in Oaxaca, especially during the rainy season. These species serve as locally available energy sources due to their carbohydrate content. Dioscorea remotiflora and Tigridia pavonia exhibited the highest fiber concentrations, with 2.30 ± 0.10 and 1.79 ± 0.15 g/100 g fresh weight (FW), respectively. The analyzed camotes also contained essential minerals, mainly potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sodium. Ipomoea batatas and Dioscorea remotiflora exhibited the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and were associated with higher antioxidant activity. These findings highlight the value of camotes as traditional, locally available foods with nutritional and bioactive potential that may support dietary diversification in Indigenous communities of Oaxaca.
Bunium persicum (black cumin), a threatened medicinal Apiaceae from arid montane regions, faces cultivation challenges due to its prolonged juvenile phase (3-4 years) and obligate summer dormancy, driving unsustainable wild harvesting. We developed a protocol to overcome these constraints by evaluating environmental cues-moisture, photoperiod, temperature, and moist chilling-across two ecotypes (Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean) under controlled conditions. Water availability was ineffective, and temperatures >= 20 degrees C caused tuber decomposition. Moist chilling at 4-8 degrees C for 30 days consistently broke dormancy, although ecotype-specific differences were observed at certain temperatures (8 degrees C and 15 degrees C). Repeated cycles of moist chilling (4 degrees C for 30 days) followed by progressive warming (10-30 degrees C) reduced juvenility to 12-16 months-the first successful compression of this species' life cycle. The protocol produced flowering-competent tubers averaging 235 mg in the Mediterranean and 260 mg in the Irano-Turanian ecotype, with over 70% survival from germination to flowering. Phenological observations revealed heterophylly and asynchronous flowering, while anatomical analysis showed starch-rich parenchyma supporting drought resilience. These results demonstrate that B. persicum juvenility is environmentally regulated rather than developmentally fixed. This study provides a scalable, physiologically-grounded framework for rapid domestication and sustainable cultivation of this valuable medicinal species through targeted environmental manipulation.
High temperature at microspore mother cell stage is one of most important environmental constraints affecting pollen fertility and nectarine yield. This study investigated the impact of high temperature at the microspore mother cell (MMC) stage on pollen development and antioxidant enzyme characteristics in nectarine (Prunus persica var. nectarina), elucidating mechanisms underlying high temperature-induced pollen abortion to provide scientific insights for mitigating heat stress in protected cultivation. Results demonstrated that high temperature severely disrupted meiosis, significantly reducing normal tetrad formation while increasing triads and polyads. Subsequent microspore development exhibited abnormalities including multinucleated and hollow-deformed structures at the uninucleate and bicellular stages. Furthermore, high temperature caused uneven callose deposition around MMCs, resulting in wall fissures and premature exposure of tetrads due to diminished peripheral callose. Critically, tapetal cells-vital for nutrient supply-initiated premature vacuolation during the MMC stage. Instead of undergoing normal degradation at the uninucleate microspore phase, these cells exhibited progressive vacuolation and expansion, physically constricting microspores and disrupting nutrient provision. Concurrently, high temperature-suppressed antioxidant enzyme activity throughout pollen development while elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, inducing oxidative membrane damage. Collectively, 56.1% pollen abortion under high temperature stress primarily stems from meiotic irregularities, dysregulated callose deposition, delayed tapetal degradation, and ROS-mediated metabolic imbalance. These findings establish critical physiological and cytological foundations for enhancing nectarine thermotolerance in horticultural production
Biofortification is a viable strategy for improving the nutritional value of crops. In this context, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in tomato plants has emerged. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of foliar application of cobalt oxide NPs (CoO NPs) on the mineral and bioactive compound content of tomato fruits. Three concentrations of CoO NPs (250, 500, and 1000 mg L-1), one concentration of cobalt sulfate (CoSO4, 500 mg L-1), and a control group were used as treatments. The results demonstrate that the form of cobalt (Co) application directly impacts its accumulation, with the ionic form (CoSO4) being more efficient than CoO NPs for biofortifying tomato fruits. Furthermore, we observed that CoO NPs increased the phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) content but decreased sulfur (S). Regarding the content of bioactive compounds, we observed an increasing trend in vitamin C, lycopene, phenols, and flavonoids with the application of CoO NPs, especially compared to CoSO4. In conclusion, the form of cobalt applied has different effects, cobalt sulfate (CoSO4) is more efficient for biofortification, while cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoO pounds in tomato fruits.
The objective of this study was to re-analyse the molecular phylogeny and/or the morphology of all species, which have been attributed to the so-far mono-generic fungal family Ambisporaceae. The genus Ambispora has been well-known for its spore bi-morphy described even from single spore clusters. Triple-walled spores are differentiated on sporiferous saccules, while mono-walled spores are formed on simple subtending hyphae. New phylogenetic analyses revealed differences of >= 10% in nrDNA sequences of three phylogenetic clades, suggesting the need to divide Ambispora into three genera and perform advanced morphological separations. These advances are primarily based on the composition and phenotypic properties of the spore walls of the acaulo-ambisporoid morph, which are more diverse than those of the mono-walled glomoid morph. While all known species of the triple-walled acaulo-ambisporoid morph have an evanescent to semi-permanent outer spore wall, the middle wall of (i) Am. fennica, Am. brasiliensis, Am. gerdemannii and Am. nicolsonii is smooth and permanent (Am. fennica clade, A), (ii) Am. appendicula, Am. callosa, Am. leptoticha, and Am. jimgerdemannii is alveolate (Am. appendicula clade, B), and (iii) Am. granatensis is smooth and short-lived, easily degrading with age (Am. granatensis clade, C). Consequently, we decided that (i) species of the Am. fennica clade represent the genus Ambispora, (ii) species of the Am. appendicula clade represent the new genus Appendiculispora, and (iii) sequences previously ascribed to Am. granatensis represents a new clade at the rank of genus, here named Ephemeriparies. Two species of an additional morph, with triple-walled spores, but apparently formed on subtending hyphae, and having a diagnostic reticulate, football-like middle wall, are here separated from the revised genus Ambispora based solely on morphological analyses, since molecular identification analyses so far failed and remained merely unknown. This later morph and genus is based on the type species Pelotaspora reticulata comb. nov, and on P. austrolatina sp. nov. Concomitant molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses are needed to attribute not only Pelotaspora species, but also those, for which hitherto only the glomoid-ambisporoid morph has been observed within the family Ambisporaceae. Without molecular analyses, such species with a glomoid morph recognized, but unknown acaulo-ambisporoid morph have to be retained within Ambispora.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) develop symbiotic relationships with plant roots, where they improve important physiological functions like growth, photosynthesis, and the production of bioactive substances. To study the effect of mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis, Salvia plants were grown with or without Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation, and shoots, roots, and rhizosphere soil were collected for biomass and biochemical analyses. AMF inoculation led to substantial improvements in Salvia officinalis with significant increases in growth (48.8%), photosynthetic efficiency (42.6%), and essential oil yield (63.2%) compared to non-inoculated plants. The improved photosynthetic activity under AMF treatment resulted in elevated carbohydrate production, particularly soluble sugars. The enhanced accumulation of amino acids - especially phenylalanine - supports the synthesis of secondary metabolites since phenylalanine acts as a key precursor for phenolic compounds and flavonoids via the phenylpropanoid pathway. AMF-treated plants exhibited marked increases in both primary metabolites (e.g., amino acids, soluble sugars, organic acids) and secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides), indicating a favorable shift in carbon allocation toward bioactive compound production. Flavonoid content rose by 21.7%, while phenolic compounds and essential oils also showed significant qualitative and quantitative enhancements. Furthermore, antioxidant capacity increased notably, as indicated by a 34.4% rise in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values. The AMF-inoculated plants also demonstrated enhanced antibacterial and anticarcinogenic properties, underlining the role of AMF in stimulating the production of defense-related secondary metabolites. Overall, AMF inoculation significantly increased Salvia officinalis growth, metabolic activity, and synthesis of bioactive compounds, proving its efficacy as a natural method to increase the agronomic value and functional quality of this food preservative plant.
Most studies on Cinchona officinalis, the 'quina tree', have focused on its pharmaceutical properties, while agro-ecological aspects have received little attention to date. Studies about its association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which represent an important clade of beneficial soil fungi, are still scarce. Especially, the AMF partners of C. officinalis and their diversity has never been determined. These microorganisms play a crucial role in plant establishment across diverse ecosystems by enhancing water and nutrient uptake from the soil, suppressing root pathogens and pests, and contributing to overall plant health and resilience. The current study aimed at analyzing the arbuscular mycorrhizal root structures, at visualizing this mutualistic relationship between C. officinalis and AMF, and to identify the AMF species in the rhizosphere of the 'quina tree'. Rhizosphere soil and roots were collected from a native population of C. officinalis in an Andean tropical forest in the Amazonas region, in Peru. Seventeen AMF species were isolated and morphologically identified. They belonged to eight genera (Acaulospora, Glomus, Funneliformis, Rhizoglomus, Septoglomus, Scutellospora, Sclerocystis and Ambispora) with highest diversity on species level among the AMF detected in Acaulospora. Roots of C. officinalis showed high AMF colonization (mean = 89%) in the form of different symbiotic structures, such as, vesicles, arbuscules and hyphae. By means of molecular analysis, we also detected rDNA of AMF in C. officinalis roots. Our results confirm the AMF association in C. officinalis with multiple species and a very highAMF root colonization under natural conditions, which opens opportunities for future research to screen the potential of this symbiosis to increase the sustainable productivity on this representative Peruvian tree.
The use of plant regulators applied pre-harvest has been gaining prominence in agriculture for improving fruit size and weight, resulting in enhanced quality and increased productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 2,4-D on production components during two production cycles of 'Prata An & atilde;' banana. A split-plot design was employed, with the main plots corresponding to concentrations of the auxin 2,4-D (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg L-1), and the subplots representing two production cycles with four replications. The following parameters were evaluated: diameter of two central fruits from the second hand, internal and external length, concavity, resistance to mechanical damage, hand mass, fruit mass, average mass of the first, second, and third hand, bunch mass, yield, and residue content of 2,4-D. The use of 2,4-D applied pre-harvest on the bunch increases banana productivity, with higher values obtained at a dose of 120 mg L-1. However, at doses above 60 mg L-1, physiological disorders were observed in the fruits, making them unsuitable for consumption, recommending the use of doses in the range of 21 to 26 mg L-1. No 2,4-D residue was found in the pulp of fruits treated with synthetic auxin.
Nematodes are one of the most abundant animals in soil and are often used as indicator organisms of soil biodiversity and function. In this study, we analyzed the effects of pH on nematode community diversity, trophic taxa and life history in the rhizosphere soil of tea tree with different pH values using high-throughput techniques. The results showed that the nematode diversity in the rhizosphere soil showed a decreasing trend with the decrease of soil pH value of tea tree. Secondly, it was found that the abundance of bacterial feeders nematodes showed a significant increasing trend with increasing soil pH, while fungal feeders and plant feeders nematodes showed a decreasing trend. Pathway ratio analysis of nematodes showed that the nematode pathway ratio (NCR) increased from 0.49 to 0.92 with increasing soil pH. Abundance analysis of nematodes with different life histories revealed a significant increasing trend in the abundance of cp-1 life history nematodes with increasing soil pH, whereas the opposite was observed for cp-2 and cp-3 life histories. The abundance of different feeder nematodes was further analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and this result also verified the above high-throughput sequencing results. In conclusion, soil pH significantly affected the nematode community structure in the rhizosphere soil of tea tree, and a decrease in soil pH resulted in the predominance of cp-2 and cp-3 life history nematodes, which prompted soil microorganisms to switch from bacterial-dominated energy pathways to fungi, which in turn affected tea tree growth.
This study determined the nutritional composition of the following native flower species consumed in rural and indigenous communities in Oaxaca, Mexico: Chamaedorea atrovirens Mart., Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm., Cryosophila nana (Kunth) Blume ex Salomon, Agave potatorum Zucc., Yucca filifera Chabaud, Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Hummelinck, Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose, Disocactus speciosus (Cav.) Barthlott, Cucurbita argyrosperma K. Koch, Cucurbita pepo L., Diphysa americana (Mill.) M. Sousa, Erythrina americana Mill., Phaseolus coccineus L., and Quararibea funebris (La Llave) Vischer. Information on preparation methods was collected, and the proximate composition, minerals, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified. The flowers are commonly consumed boiled, roasted, fried, pickled, as filling for quesadillas, or used in beverages. The species exhibited high fiber and mineral contents, mainly of K, Mg, and Ca. Diphysa americana (Mill.) M. Sousa, Erythrina americana Mill., and Phaseolus coccineus L. showed the highest concentrations of total phenols and flavonoids, which correlated positively with greater antioxidant capacity. Our results demonstrate that the edible flowers analyzed remain deeply rooted in the local gastronomy of Oaxaca's communities and are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds.
The study aimed at the phytochemical characterization of the optimized ethanol and acetone extracts of Satureja montana L., and the evaluation of their antibacterial and synergistic activity with an antibiotic, along with their potential mechanisms of action. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction conditions. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using microdilution, checkerboard, time-kill kinetics, and cell membrane permeability methods. S. montana extracts were effective against different bacterial species, including the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus sp., Bacillus cereus, and the Gram-negative Acinetobacter sp. and Proteus mirabilis. Notably, the acetone extract enhanced the efficacy of gentamicin up to 16-fold against a gentamicinresistant strain of P. mirabilis. Additionally, the extracts exhibited bactericidal activity against certain strains within a 3-hour and 6-hour time frame and increased cell membrane permeability, thereby disrupting normal cellular functions. The ethanol and acetone extracts reached a total phenolic content of 79.44 +/- 0.5 mg GAE/g and 53.88 +/- 0.2 mg GAE/g, and a total flavonoid content of 27.93 +/- 0.3 mg RUE/g and 16.35 +/- 0.3 mg RUE/g, respectively. Rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, quercetin, and naringenin were detected in the highest quantities in the extracts. S. montana extracts may serve as potential natural antibacterial agents.
It is well established that nighttime light exposure can negatively influence the physiological performance of plants. Nevertheless, the specific effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) on plants under natural conditions remain insufficiently understood. The Bogor Botanic Gardens (BBG) is widely recognized as an ex-situ conservation site for diverse plant species. Although BBG provides an ecosystem resembling natural habitats, its location within the center of a rapidly developing urban area exposes plant collections to direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures, including light pollution. In this study, we examined the impact of ALAN installations at BBG on fourteen plant species by quantifying several physiological parameters, including photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, secondary metabolite accumulation, and mineral nutrient concentrations. Our results demonstrated significant alterations in photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gsw) in several species exposed to ALAN. In particular, we focused on one secondary metabolite, neophytadiene, and observed that its content was consistently higher after treatments (T1 and T2) compared to pre-treatment levels (T0) in most of the tested species, indicating a measurable effect of ALAN. Furthermore, we detected a pronounced reduction in iron (Fe) concentration across five plant species, although this decrease did not appear to be directly associated with changes in photosynthetic performance. These findings provide valuable insights into the physiological responses of plants to ALAN and may inform strategies for plant selection in urban environments. Such strategies could help alleviate the adverse effects of light pollution on plant physiological functions and improve the sustainability of urban green spaces.
Utilization of both leaves and grains of Amaranthus cruentus L. could enhance the nutritional and economic benefits of the crop for improved health and livelihoods. However, little is known about the effect of defoliation on leaf composition and grain production in a dual use scenario. The nutrients and health promoting compounds of the leaves from differently defoliated A. cruentus plants were studied in a randomized complete block design (n = 4). Fifty percent of leaves were harvested from plants once at 5, 7 and 9 weeks after sowing and twice consecutively at 5, 7 and 9 weeks after sowing. The carotenoids, total polyphenols and flavonoids content increased with growth stage although significantly reduced by twice defoliation. Protein content was not affected by defoliation frequency. Iron content decreased with twice defoliation in older plants. Grain yield and plant height were not significantly affected by timing and frequency of defoliation. Earlier harvested leaves contained more iron whereas later harvested leaves had higher carotenoids and flavonoids content. Therefore, 50% of leaves of A. cruentus plants can be harvested twice consecutively without affecting plant growth and grain yield, thus promoting a dual use system.
In this study, the changes of cell wall compositions and related-enzyme activity and gene expression were assessed with fruit softening in three apple cultivars with different softening characteristics. The fruit of 'Golden Delicious' (GD) and 'Gala' apple softened rapidly, and showed a rapid decrease in the content of CSP and hemicellulose and a fast increase in WSP content, which were concomitant with a swift up-trend in cell wall enzyme activity and gene expression. In contrast, 'Fuji' fruit retained the harder flesh with little changes in the content of cell wall component and lower activity and gene expression of cell wall enzymes during the whole storage. Comprehensive pathway analysis indicated that both WSP and R-Gal factors had stronger direct effect and were interacted with each other through stronger indirect effect on 'Gala' fruit softening. The R-Gal factor showed the strongest direct effect and had stronger indirect effect on other factors during fruit softening in 'GD' apple. And the strongest direct role of CSP factor was mainly affected by the indirect role of R-Gal, and the direct role of R-Gal was also indirectly affected by CSP factor during storage of 'Fuji' fruit. Based on above results, the R-Gal may be the most crucial enzyme involved in cell wall degradation, and the changes of WSP, CSP and hemicellulose contents had more correlations with fruit softening with different storage-ability of apple.
Sustainability of vegetable production is a declared goal for a more sustainable agriculture in the future. Nitrogen is a crucial macro-nutrient for achieving high yields and quality such as intense greenness in vegetables, particularly in leafy varieties. However, excessive nitrogen contributes to greenness but can lead to groundwater pollution through nitrate leaching. This study evaluates a strategy to enhance the sustainability of kohlrabi production (Brassica oleracea) by reducing N application while improving N use efficiency. It further investigates how product quality such as glucosinolate concentration is affected under these conditions. By applying 80% and 50% of the nitrogen fertilizers which contain an urease inhibitor or an additional nitrification inhibitor, higher sustainability through the mitigation of nitrogen losses is expected. The results show that a 20% reduction in N application is feasible with minimal yield loss and no significant effects on crop vitality or leaf greenness. The type of fertilizer had little impact on yield when 80% of N was supplied. While a 20% N reduction influences glucosinolate profiles, the effect on taste and quality, remains unclear. Overall, a 20% reduction in nitrogen fertilization can be accomplished without yield loss or significant changes in outer quality, although it may slightly alter glucosinolate profiles and taste perception.
Aglaonema griffithii Schott is a helophytic plant widely found in the southern Vietnam and some regions of southeastern Asia. The aim of this study is to provide the anatomical characteristics, chemical compounds and antioxidant activity of this species for the first time. The micro-morphological traits of the studied species are performed using the iodine green-carmine double staining method. The anatomical characteristics of the different parts of A. griffithii are used as a monograph in the herbal medicine standardization of this plant. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry assay is also used to determine the chemical compounds in the ethanolic extracts obtained from A. griffithii. Of these, sucrose is the most abundant component found in the rhizome and petiole extracts while the leaf extract is found to be rich in phytol as the highest percent component. The antioxidant properties of the ethanol extracts of the A. griffithii leaf, rhizome, and petiole were also investigated using DPPH radical scavenging assay with IC50 values of 193.08, 234.61, and 270.65 mu g/mL, respectively.
