During the nomenclatural studies of the genus Adinandra Jack (Pentaphylacaceae), twenty names were identified as requiring clarification to ensure nomenclatural stability, viz. A. donnaiensis, A. caudata, A. annamensis, A. nitida, A. laotica, A. lasiostyla, A. glischroloma var. macrosepala, A. hirta, A. bockiana var. acutifolia, A. bockiana var. tonkinensis, A. formosana, A. elliptica, A. luzonica, A. macgregorii, A. loheri, A. apoensis, A. leytensis, A. impressa, A. loerzingiana, A. subauriculata, in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (Madrid Code).
The observation of an unidentified Gomphonema population in France, which morphologically resembled G. productum, prompted a reinvestigation of the original material associated with this species and the historically similar G. sarcophagus. Analysis of historic collections and protologue data revealed that G. productum had been erroneously lectotypified using material from Belgium that conflicted with Grunow's original concept of this species. By incorporating Grunow's authentic original material into the study, alongside detailed light and scanning electron microscopy, we determined that these associated collections actually represent four distinct species. To correct the historical error, a replacement lectotype is designated for G. productum, superseding the previous invalid choice. The superseded Belgian material exhibits clear morphological differences from G. productum sensu Grunow and is formally described here as a novel species, Gomphonema delognei sp. nov. Furthermore, the unidentified French population could not be assigned to any known taxon and is described as Gomphonema pseudoproductum sp. nov. These species can be identified reliably based on valve outline, valve width, stria density, stria structure (uniseriate versus biseriate), and internal areolar architecture.
Calopogonium is included in the subtribe Glycininae of the tribe Phaseoleae and currently consists of eight species, most of which are restricted to the Neotropics. Calopogonium mucunoides is the only species with a pantropical distribution. The current circumscription of Calopogonium was proposed in a taxonomic study of the genus conducted by Carvalho-Okano in 1985. Since then, taxonomic studies on the genus have been largely regional, which has hindered the delimitation of some species and their differentiation from closely related taxa. To address this taxonomic impediment, a revision of South American species was carried out. Specimens were borrowed from, and visits made to, national and international herbaria. As a result, four species are recognized for South America, with the proposal to synonymize C. racemosum under C. galactioides. Furthermore, nomenclatural updates are proposed, including the lectotypification of 10 taxa and a neotypification for the type species of the genus, C. mucunoides. Conservation status was assessed for all species following IUCN criteria, with two species (C. caeruleum and C. mucunoides) classified as Least Concern (LC) and the other two species, C. galactioides and C. velutinum, classified as Near Threatened (NT). Additionally, we provide an identification key for the species of Calopogonium in South America, illustrative photographs, distributional maps, and remarks on nomenclature and taxonomy.
