This study aimed to evaluate the effects of epoxy resin and calcium silicate-based root canal sealer on fiber post adhesion strength. Thirty single-rooted lower premolars were divided into three groups (n = 10 for each group): Group 1, no root canal filling; Group 2, epoxy resin root canal sealer; and Group 3, calcium silicate root canal sealer. After all teeth were prepared with rotary instruments, Groups 2 and 3 were filled with gutta-percha points and root canal sealer. A fiber post was cemented in all tooth, then 2-mm disc samples were taken from the middle root section and subjected to a push-out bond strength test. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. The highest average adhesion strength was exhibited by the control group (57.142 ± 12.205 MPa), followed by the epoxy resin group (44.455 ± 10.347 MPa) and then the calcium silicate group (28.009 ± 9.562 MPa). There was a significant difference in push-out bond strength between the groups (p < 0.006). The teeth that were endodontically treated with epoxy resin root canal sealer exhibited better fiber post adhesion strength compared to the teeth that were treated with calcium silicate root canal sealer. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(1): 173-179)
In order to avoid diseases that can affect reproductive organs, Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) needs to be implemented. This study aims to assess MHM and the determinants of junior high school female students at Tinambung sub-district. A quantitative approach with a cross sectional design was conduct towards 250 female students proportionally random selected from 3 junior high schools at Tinambung sub-district. Data were collected online using a questionnaire and analyzed using chi square test and multiple logistic regression. A number of 60.8% of female students practiced poor MHM. Female students who had negative attitude towards MHM had almost 8 times the chance to practice poor MHM compared to students who had a positive attitude after being controlled by knowledge on MHM, water facilities, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) at school, education of mother and exposure to information (P= 0.005, OR: 7.98, 95% CI: 3.91, 16.29). Efforts are needed to provide information related to MHM through mothers, teachers and social media which are now widely accessed by students as well as improving WASH facilities at schools to support female students practice adequate MHM. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(3): 1230-1235)
Odontogenic cysts and tumors are aspects that often discussed and quite important in the field of either oromaxillofacial surgery or pathology. Radiographically, the dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and unicystic ameloblastoma have a similar appearance in the form of unilocular radiolucent lesions. As a results of histopathological examination with hematoxylin eosin staining, these three lesions can be distinguished, however, many pathologists are misdiagnosed because of their similarity. Calretinin is a calcium binding protein that has been widely used for markers of malignancy in human tissues, due to its role in cell apoptosis which causes cell proliferation. This study aims to observe and compare Calretinin expression in dentigerous cysts, OKC, and unicystic ameloblastoma. 34 paraffin blocks of dentigerous cysts, OKC and unicystic ameloblastoma were obtained by consecutive sampling from medical record data in the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Oral Surgery Division which had confirmed histopathological results at the Department of Anatomical Pathology Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the period 2015-2019. All samples were subjected to immunohistochemical staning using mouse monolclonal Calretinin antibodies. 13 samples of dentigerous cysts, 6 samples of OKC, and 15 samples monoklonal of unicystic ameloblastoma were obtained. The positive interpretation of Calretinin was 1 sample of dentigerous cyst and 11 samples of unicystic ameloblastoma. Using Chi-square test value of significancy was 0,001 with odds ratio 49,5 (95% CI = 4.88 to 501.7). Calretinin was expressed in dentigerous cysts and unicystic ameloblastoma with different percentages, but not in OKC. Calretinin can be used as a marker for unicystic ameloblastoma Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(3): 965-969)
Vitamin D levels are associated with improved immunity dysregulation to prevent worsening of COVID-19 patients. However, studies regarding the effects of vitamin D on COVID-19 patients are still inconsistent. This study aimed to analyze vitamin D supplementation's effect on the severity and mortality risk of COVID-19 patients. Search was conducted in seven databases on September 2020. Studies assessing the topic were included without study design restrictions. Four studies were included in this study. All reported risk of mortality, and three reported of severity degree. Two of the three found patients with vitamin D supplementation had a significantly lower risk of disease. One other found no significant difference, although a higher proportion of severe COVID-19 was recorded in the group without supplementation. Three of the four reported supplementation as a protective factor against mortality in COVID-19 patients. One study reported that vitamin D supplementation group had a higher mortality than the group without, although it has low validity and high risk of bias. In conclusion, there were differences in the severity and mortality risk between COVID-19 patients given vitamin D supplementation and control patients. Vitamin D supplementation is a protective factor in the severity and mortality risk of COVID-19 patients. © 2021, Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, All Rights Reserved.
The COVID-19 has spread globally and ensued several global restrictions with consequences of unknown long-term proportions, currently placing a strain on the healthcare system worldwide. This review aims to present the role of dentists in the COVID-19 pandemic in various aspects of dentistry, including general dentistry and restorative dentistry. Various studies and reports on COVID-19 were analyzed. Literatures on 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were explored using key words “COVID-19”, “COVID”, “dentistry”, “oral health”, “oral cavity” in Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus databases. It was found that dentists, dental specialists, dental assistants, dental staff, and patients are potentially at higher risk of COVID-19 infection during dental treatments. There is an association between the oral cavity and systemic diseases in the context of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. There is a great role of dentists in the COVID-19 pandemic in various aspects of dentistry, including general dentistry and restorative dentistry © 2021, Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. All Rights Reserved.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of ultrasonic activation on the bond strength of a calcium silicate-based sealer and a calcium silicate pozzolan-based sealer after a root canal procedure. 32 first premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were divided into four groups. Group 1 had a calcium silicate-based sealer, group 2 had a calcium silicate sealer with ultrasonic activation, group 3 had a calcium silicate pozzolan-based sealer, and group 4 had a calcium silicate pozzolanbased sealer with ultrasonic activation. An ultrasonic scaler and tip was used for the activation. The machine push-out bond strength of each group was measured to determine their connective strength. The stereomicroscope camera was used to determine the failure. Statistical Analysis: A one-way ANOVA test and post-hoc Tamhane test were used to statistically analyze the results (p = 0.05). There was a significant difference between calcium silicate-based sealer and calcium silicate pozzolan-based sealer (p = .015) and the common types failure was mixed failure (62.5%) The bond strength of calcium silicate pozzolan-based sealer was greater compared to calcium silicate-based sealer, and ultrasonic activation increased the bond strength of both types of sealers to the root canal wall. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(2): 600-605)
Summarize the existing scientific literatures, investigate the diagnostic indices for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) that are used nationally and internationally, and determine the best choice in establishing the diagnosis. Electronic search in the past 10 years by MEDLINE database, accessed through PubMed and EBSCO. The following main keywords were used: “diagnostic techniques and procedures”, “questionnaires”, “diagnostic index”, “temporomandibular disorders”. Using the inclusion and exclusion criteria 5 journals were selected for the present literature review. This review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. These studies shows that Helkimo Index (HI), Craniomandibular Index (CMI), Research Diagnostic for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), and Temporomandibular Etiology Index have gone through validity and reliability test, each of them have different sensitivity and specificity. This indices are suitable for a screening and/or diagnostic instrument for TMD. All of the indices above are sufficiently suitable for the evaluation of TMD. From this literature, dentists are free to choose which index they want to use to help establish a diagnosis of TMD, by knowing the plus minus each of the indices, and all of them are valid. For practical reason, Temporomandibular Etiology Index is the simplest index that can be considered. Review (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(3): 1160-1168)
This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and current practices towards smoking cessation among Universiti Teknologi MARA’s clinical dental students. A twenty-nine item questionnaires were distributed to all the clinical dental students in Dental Centre of Universiti Teknologi MARA. The questionnaires include personal data of each clinical year student, knowledge of students in providing smoking cessation advice, attitude of students towards smoking cessation, and current practices among students in smoking cessation activity. Data obtained was carried out by statistical analysis of descriptive and Chi Square tests. p value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant for this study. The significances of the overall respondents in knowledge of the clinical students in smoking cessation shown 90.1% had read some information regarding smoking cessation (p=0.001), and 65.8% had attend lecture, course and training on smoking cessation (p<0.001). In addition, the significant study of the overall respondents in students’ current practices in providing smoking cessation advice were 89.5% discuss smoking with patients having poor subjective health (p=0.001). On this basis, active involvement of clinical dental students is needed in the effective smoking cessation advice and intervention strategies for the patients. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(1): 298-303)
Poor oral hygiene can lead to further periodontal damage, especially in the postmenopausal pre-elderly who are deficient in estrogen. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socio-demographic factors, tooth loss and gingival status on oral hygiene in postmenopausal women aged 45 until 59 years old. This study was a cross-sectional study of postmenopausal women aged 45 until 59 years old with periodontitis in Jakarta Indonesia Information about age, education level and duration of menopause were obtained through interviews and history taking. Clinical examination was performed to check the oral hygiene index, the number of tooth loss and gingival status, namely the plaque index, papillary bleeding index. The results of this study showed that subjects who lost their teeth ≥4 (57.10%) had poor oral hygiene compared to <4 (42.90%) however, the Spearman correlation test showed that there was no significant relationship between the number of tooth losses (p = 0.907) with oral hygiene index. Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between gingival status as measured by plaque index and papillary bleeding index (p=0.001) with the oral hygiene index. The conclusion of this study, postmenopausal women are prone to experience problems in the oral cavity, especially periodontal tissue. Socio-demographic factors such as age, level of education and also the length of menopause were not significantly associated with oral hygiene; however, there was a significant relationship between gingival status and oral hygiene in postmenopausal women aged 45 until 59 years old. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(3): 1057-1063)
The most frequent complication associated with cleft palate repair is the oronasal fistula. The oronasal fistula developed primarily because of under tension repair and, in some cases, especially in adults, resulting from postoperative infection. The factors that may be implicated in fistula development after palate repair include the patient's age, gender, cleft type and size, operative procedure, postoperative infection, and the surgeon's experience. We reported a 16-year-old female patient diagnosed with a medium-sized oronasal fistula. She had undergone primary palate repair at the age of 3 years old but had an oronasal fistula at her palate one year later. Oronasal fistula closure was done using a modified V-Y pushback technique. Case report (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(2): 773-776)
Polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process used polyaspartic acid as an analog noncollagenous protein to prevent spontaneous nucleation of calcium and phosphate before entering the intrafibrillar compartment. Fluoride was added for the formation of fluorapatite crystals. Objective of this study is determining the effect on dentinal hardness when fluoride is added in the PILP process. Twenty-four dentin blocks were divided into four groups. Group I (normal dentin) was the control, Group II comprised demineralized dentin stored in PILP remineralization solution, Group III comprised demineralized dentin stored in remineralized PILP solution with 5 ppm fluoride, Group IV comprised demineralized dentin stored in remineralized PILP solution with 25 ppm fluoride. All samples were stored in an incubator with continuous shaking at 37 °C for 14 days. A Vickers hardness test was performed to measure dentin hardness along with an X-ray diffraction (XRD) test to determine the percentage of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite crystals. There are significant differences between the hardness values of dentin after storage in PILP solution, PILP solution with 5 ppm fluoride, and with 25 ppm fluoride. The conclusion is remineralization via PILP process with the addition of 5 ppm fluoride and 25 ppm fluoride yields higher dentinal hardness value than without fluoride. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(2): 585-590)
Proper and adequate attitudes about infection control is important for clinical dental students, who may be exposed daily to virus. This study aimed to assess the attitudes of clinical dental students in Indonesia about infection control during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In a cross-sectional study conducted from May to June 2021, an electronic survey was administered to the dental students in clinical training at Indonesian dental schools. The online self-administered questionnaire consisted of two sections: sociodemographic information and attitude about infection control. The participants were 238 clinical dental students. Most of them were female, with an average age of 23.8 years (±3.3 years). The analysis of sociodemographic variables of the respondents showed that the more years of clinical training the students had, the stronger was their willingness to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). Clinical dental students in Indonesia in general have a positive attitude about infection control. However, courses at dental schools still need to include information about the additional roles of dentistry that account for pandemics. © 2021, Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. All Rights Reserved.
Oral Health Impact Profile in Edentulous (OHIP-EDENT) is an instrument that measures several aspects of oral health-related quality of life as it relates to edentulous patients. Numerous studies have shown that edentulous has an impact on an individual's quality of life. This instrument aids in detecting the impact of oral health on the quality of life of patients who wear prostheses. The purpose of this study was to develop the OHIP-EDENT in Indonesian version for edentulous patients. The questionnaire was translated into Indonesian, back-translated, pre-tested, and crossculturally adapted. The qualitative interviews were carried out of 12 subjects, 46-77 years old, with diverse levels of formal education. All subjects were undergoing complete or single complete denture treatments at Dental Hospital Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Since an expert committee agreed upon the original version, the questionnaire was translated, back-translated, and the outcomes of the qualitative interviews were used to finalize the revised instrument. After the pretesting, the adapted Indonesian OHIP-EDENT can be used as an instrument that is easy to use by edentulous patients undergoing complete or single denture treatments. Further analyses of the questionnaire's psychometric properties are needed to confirm its validity and reliability in target settings. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(4): 1531-1536)
Dentists, together with dental and oral health therapists are at high-risk of COVID-19 infection due to their exposure to saliva, blood, as well as aerosol and droplet production during most dental procedures. Numerous preventive measures have been carried out, including mass education and implementation of infection control precautions. However, personal perception is essential for preventing disease transmission. Aim of this study was to analyse perception of COVID-19 prevention among dental healthcare personnel (DHCP) in the Executive Clinic of Oral and Dental Hospital Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia, using the Health Belief Model. This study used a qualitative case study approach. Information was collected from the dentists, dental and oral health therapists, as well as the hospital director via in-depth interviews. Most informants perceived that they were at greatly increased risk of being exposed to COVID-19, and that the SARS-CoV-2 was extremely dangerous towards their safety. The prevention of COVID-19 provided exceptional benefit despite several barriers to its implementation, such as limited infrastructure as well as other people’s behaviour. Nevertheless, the presence of regulations and experience of other people who have been exposed to COVID-19 encouraged informants to maintain the preventive behaviour. The informants had strong self-confidence that they were able to take precautions against COVID-19. Based on the owned perception, it is very possible for the informants to be able to maintain preventive behaviours from COVID-19 inside and outside the hospital area. © 2021, Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. All Rights Reserved.
Hypertension is a major health problem, especially in the elderly, because it serves as a risk factor for cardioand cerebrovascular diseases. The involvement of oxidative stress in hypertension has been shown in animal studies. However, the data about oxidative stress in humans with hypertension, especially in the elderly, are still limited. The aim of this study is to analyze oxidative stress by measuring carbonyl and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hypertensive elderly. It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 70 elderly subjects, 35 subjects with hypertension and 35 subjects with normotension, in Jakarta, Indonesia. Subjects were classified into the hypertensive group if their systolic blood pressure was ≥ 130 mmHg or their diastolic blood pressure was > 80 mmHg according to American guidelines. Plasma carbonyl and SOD were measured using a spectrophotometer. Correlation analysis and Independent T-test were used for statistical analysis. Carbonyl was significantly higher, while SOD was significantly lower in hypertensive elderly compared to the control. There was a negative correlation between SOD and systolic blood pressure, as well as a weak positive correlation between carbonyl and mean arterial pressure. In conclusion, a significant increase of carbonyl and decrease of SOD were detected in hypertensive elderly, reflecting oxidative stress. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(3): 1246-1250)
This study aimed to compare the headache severity and frequency among patients with TMD with headache and controls. A total of 49 subjects were included in the study, among which 29 had TMDs with headache and 20 with headache without the presence of any TMDs. Statistical Analysis was done using the Chi-square test and the one way ANOVA test. Out of 29 subjects with TMDs, 15 patients presented with myogenous cause and 11 presented with arthrogenous cause for TMDs. There was no statistically significant difference between the case and control group. Lateral pterygoid was the most commonly involved muscle in the myogenous group. Headache score may not be used as a predictor to differentiate headache associated with TMD and other headaches.
Orthodontic mini-implants are widely used as an intraoral skeletal anchorages. Titanium alloy orthodontic mini-implants are known to have high corrosion resistance, but studies have found some corrosion behavior after contact with mouthwashes. The current in-vitro study aimed to examine surface topography and elemental composition as parameters of corrosion resistance for titanium alloy orthodontic mini-implants after being immersed in three different types of mouthwashes. A total of 28 titanium alloy orthodontic mini-implants were divided equally into four groups and immersed for 28 days in chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% mouthwash, sodium fluoride 0.2% mouthwash, chitosan 1.5% mouthwash, and distilled water. All the orthodontic mini-implants’ heads and necks were then examined for surface topography using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the elemental composition was assessed using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Surface topography of the orthodontic mini-implants immersed in chlorhexidine gluconate, sodium fluoride, chitosan, and distilled water exhibited some manufacturing defects and rough surfaces, but no signs of crevices or pitting corrosion on the heads and necks. The elemental composition of all groups was comparable, but there was a statistically significant difference between titanium and aluminum (at%) between the sodium fluoride group and the chitosan group. Titanium alloy orthodontic mini-implants exhibited good corrosion resistance after immersion for 28 days in chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%, sodium fluoride 0.2%, and chitosan 1.5%. Orthodontic mini-implants immersed in chitosan showed a smoother surface and higher titanium and aluminum (at%) than other groups. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(3): 996-1002)
Several reports have been released on how COVID-19 infection could be transmitted through dental services. This has caused fear in the community to seek treatment at a dentist. The increase in public fear is a change in emotions due to the overwhelming amount of news or reports about the spread of the COVID-19 infection through print, social, and electronic media around the world. A cross-sectional study was conducted using online survey from 10 June to 20 October 2020. This well-constructed questionnaire was designated using the free access Google form application and the link to the online survey was sent to participants through WhatsApp. A total of 1040 participants from 10 provinces in Indonesia participated in this study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. The correlation between fear and oral health knowledge related to dental treatment were tested using the Chi-square and Spearman correlation test. Of the 1040 participants, 87.02% and 12.98% individuals experienced mild and moderate fear, respectively. A good level of oral health knowledge was found in 53.7% and the average level was 46.3% of participants. The bivariate correlation showed that less fear level was correlated with good oral health knowledge (r=−0.126, p<0.05). The greatest fear comes from the possibility of transmission of the COVID-19 infection from dentists and seeing dentist with one of COVID-19 infection symptoms. The changing the habit of washing hands before undergoing dental treatment shows a fear of contracting a COVID-19 infection. People with a good level of knowledge have less fear than average level. © 2021. All rights reserved.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, accounting for more than 1 in 10 new cancer diagnosed and second most common cause of death among women. This study was intended to assess the effect of cabergoline and octreotide in tumorigenesis and progression prior to and post tumor induction in Sprague Dawley rats. 30 day old inbred SD female rats of body weight (70-80 grams) were taken for this study and NMethyl-Nitroso-Urea was used for mammary tumor induction. The rats were pre inhibited with cabergoline & octreotide alone and in combination followed by MNU and post treated group ( MNU followed by drugs) were studied. The parameters such as tissue glutathione, malondialdehyde and physiological parameters like tumor weight, tumor occurrence, volume were measured. The Pretreated combination group showed a significant decrease in mean body weight tumor weight, tumor volume, tumor latency, tumor incidence rate compared to post inhibited group. A near normal levels of tissue GSH, and a decrease levels in MDA was observed in pre-inhibited combination group compared to post hormone inhibited group. The results suggest that pretreatment with combination of cabergoline and octreotide is a better therapeutic measure than single drug alone for inhibition of tumorgenesis. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(3): 1190-1195)
Stunting, a chronic malnutrition problem, has a relatively high prevalence worldwide. Untreated dental caries in deciduous teeth can affect an individual’s nutritional status; therefore, nutritional status and dental caries can be related to each other. This study determined the prevalence of dental caries and stunting as well as the relationship between oral health status and stunting in 5-year-old children in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study of 410 children aged 5 years was performed through clinical examinations and data from the 2018 National Health Survey. The prevalence of stunting among the children was 25.4%. Further, 260 (63.5%) children were found to have severe early childhood caries and chi-square analysis revealed that stunting was correlated with the level of parental education and socioeconomic status (P=.001), whereas dental caries and stunting were not. Conclusively, nutritional status in the form of stunting is significantly correlated with the level of parental education and socioeconomic status. The factors that predispose a child to stunting are multifactor, including oral health. Holistic multistrategy community-based approach shall be explored further to decrease stunting on children in Indonesia. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(3): 1039-1043)
