The Euphorbiaceae family is the second most representative in the Caatinga biome. It presents a great taxonomic complexity, which requires the observation of other characters to support the identification of its taxa, such as pollen morphology. This study aims to describe the pollen morphology of Euphorbiaceae species occurring in the Serra Branca/Raso da Catarina Environmental Protection Area, Jeremoabo, Bahia, Brazil. The pollen material was obtained from exsiccates deposited in the Herbarium of the State University of Bahia, Campus VIII, Paulo Afonso, Bahia. The pollen grains were subjected to acetolysis, measured, described and photomicrographed under optical microscope; they were also metallized and observed under scanning electron microscopy. In total, 17 species were studied, with nine pollen descriptions unpublished. The species analyzed presented pollen grains that varied from small to very large, inaperturate, 2-3-porate, 3-colporate to pantoporate, with psilate and reticulate exine, and most of them with a Croton pattern. The characteristics found in this study are important for palynological knowledge, as well as assisting palynotaxonomic studies of the Euphorbiaceae family and providing a basis for future ecological and conservation research for Caatinga plants.
work aims to understand the physiological, histological and developmental status of soybean plants grown in soil contaminated by diesel oil. The pot experiment consisted of farming the cultivars of soybean, Pot & ecirc;ncia and NS6700, grown on substrate with diesel oil contaminant in doses of 0, 1, 4, and 8 mL L-1. The polynomial models fitted to the data set of growth and development of plants at the age of thirty days did not fail to describe adequately impressive potential of diesel oil at the highest level to quickly decline CO2 assimilation rate (22.50 to 7.50 & micro;mol m-2s-1 and from 17.50 to 7.55 & micro;mol m-2s-1) leaf transpiration (5.25 to 3.10 mmol H2O m-2s-1 and from 5.10 to 3.50 mmol H2O m-2s-1) and water use efficiency (4.50 to 2.25 mu mol CO2 mmol H2O-1 and from 3.75 to 2.15 mol CO2 mol H2O-1) in the cultivars, Pot & ecirc;ncia and NS6700 respectively. The multivariate fit, EUW=4.30-0.90LT+0.01RPD-0.01RXD-0.15GS+0.20A, predicted accurately how the traits, leaf transpiration, diameter of xylem and phloem of root tissues, stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rate, interacted each other's to determine water use efficiency by of soybean and alleviate harmful effects of increasing levels of diesel oil in the soil.
Bipinnula polysyka is herein reported for the first time for the Brazilian Flora. This rare and inconspicuous terrestrial orchid species was previously known from Uruguay and Buenos Aires Province, in Argentina. In the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul, it grows in the open grasslands of the Pampa Biome, which are normally used for cattle grazing. Here, we describe and illustrate the found specimen and provide an extension of its known distribution range. Additionally, we offer a brief discussion on the morphological diagnosis and ecological aspects ofthis species.
Allelopathy is defined as the interference of one plant in the other through the release of allelochemicals in the environment. This work evaluated the allelopathic influence ofAlternanthera tenella on the germination and initial development ofLactuca sativa, Digitaria insularis, Emilia fosbergii and Portulaca oleracea, as well as to quantify and determine the phenolic compounds by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Five leaf and root concentrations of the donor plant were tested using multi-well plates as containers in which 15 seeds were sown in six replications. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and different inhibitory effects were observed, depending on the recipient species and the concentration used, with Emilia fosbergii and Digitaria insularis being the most sensitive species to leaf and root allelochemicals, respectively. Caffeic acid was identified in greater quantity, probably responsible for the effect on germination and initial development of recipient plants.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the stomatal density and glandular trichomes as well as the morphometry of stomata of Aloysia citriodora leaves submitted to different water availability throughout the seasons. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under a randomized block design, composed of four water availability (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the field capacity) throughout the four seasons (autumn, winter, spring, and summer). We evaluated stomatal density and glandular trichomes, and stomatal morphometry (stomata length and width and stomata area). Stomatal density and stomatal morphometry were affected by the seasons, while water availability affected the glandular trichomes density throughout the seasons. There is a higher stomatal density in the spring, and lower in the winter. Winter and spring presented greater stomata length and stomata area. Glandular trichomes density increases in winter and summer under low water availability, with a higher density in the abaxial epidermis.
Piper is considered one of the ten largest neotropical genera of Magnoliidae and the largest in Piperaceae and Piperales. Knowledge of seed morphology is of relevance, being an important support for the identification of species, whose characters and external structures are important so that certain taxa can be known better. The present study was carried out in the Tijuca National Park, RJ, Brazil. The aim of the study was to morphologically describe the seeds of Piper L. species from Tijuca National Park. Fifteen taxa of the genus Piper were registered, these presented differentiated morphology in the base, apex, shape, symmetry and colors, allowing to identify diagnostic characters to help in the delimitation of the species.
Dalechampia, Euphorbiaceae, has about 130 species, 72 of which occur in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to update data on species that occur in the southern region of Brazil. Through field collections, bibliographic and herbaria review, and morphological analyzes, 15 species were confirmed: Dalechampia clausseniana, D. ficifolia, D. glechomifolia, D. triphylla and D. weddelliana. Four new occurrences were registered for the states of Parana and Santa Catarina (D. guaranitica, D. scandens, D. schenckiana and D. triphylla). Eight taxa are endemic to Brazil and two are exclusive to the southern region, which updates the knowledge on the genus. For the species D. glechomifolia we designed a lectotype. The geographical distribution of several species was expanded and D. riparia, which was considered possibly extinct, was rediscovered in Santa Catarina. Descriptions, photographs, illustrations, comments and an identification key for the species are presented.
This work aimed to carry out the floristic study of this genus in the Atlantic Forest of the Northeast region, providing its diversity, distribution and conservation. For this, we carry out field expeditions, analyzed herbaria specimens from the study area, consult the specialized literature, and type collections. Seventeen species were recorded, of which six are endemic to Brazil and anew occurrence for the Atlantic Forest (E. ovatus Fernald), and 12 have populations in protected area. Identification keys, morphological descriptions, taxonomic, distribution and habitat comments, conservation status, diagnostic character photographs, and distribution maps are presented.
Due to the lack of information about the germination of J. mollissima in different conditions, the research aimed to determine the best combination between substrate and temperature for the germination of J. mollissima seeds. Were used four substrates (vermiculite, between paper, sand, and paper roll) and four temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 40 degrees C). Germination percentage (G), mean germination time (MGT), germination speed index (GSI) and relative frequency were calculated. There was no germination in the test conducted in 40 degrees C, as well as the paper roll substrate. 30 and 35 degrees C temperatures, obtained the best values for G (85.6 and 86.4), MGT (4.88 and 4.25) and GSI (4.7 and 5.25) on the vermiculite substrate. The most homogeneous frequency was observed on the substrate's vermiculite and sand. Vermiculite were the best options of substrate to germination of the J. mollissima, with temperature by 30 or 35 degrees C.
The Ibirapuit & atilde; River is the main water resource in the Ibirapuit & atilde; Environmental Protection Area, but the phytoplankton and limnological conditions of this system are unknown. Our study aimed to determine the composition and attributes of the phytoplankton community structure and its spatial variation in this river in relation to limnological variables. Samples were collected at six stations in the fall and spring of 2011 and fall of 2012. The results revealed that the phytoplankton consisted of nine taxonomic classes, with Bacillariophyceae (39%) and Chlorophyceae (30%) being the most prevalent identified taxa. The attributes of density, specific diversity, and homogeneity did not show significant spatial variation along the river. Richness varied between 10 and 42 species, being significantly greater in the upper section of the river than in the lower section, which was accompanied by lower and higher electrical conductivity, respectively. There was a significant negative relationship between water temperature and electrical conductivity and Monoraphidium contortum, Cryptomonas ovata, and C. obovata and a significant positive relationship with Didymocystis comasii, Monoraphidium contortum, Scenedesmus cf. ecornis, and Spermatozopsis exultans. In summary, among the community attributes, only richness, together with composition, showed spatial variation, being related to the temperature and water conductivity variables.
Myrtaceae in Pitangueiras Bay (Babitonga), Santa Catarina, Brazil. The native and naturalized Myrtaceae species in the water complex of Babitonga Bay were sampled through field trips on the islands and adjacent sites, analysis of herbarium materials, and digital collections from the region. Keys for identification, concise descriptions, photographic illustrations, notes on distinctive features or comparisons with closely related species, ecological information, geographic distribution, synonyms, and references regarding the extinction riskwere provided. Thirty-six species were identified, of which 33 are native and 3 are naturalized, belonging to 10 genera. The most representative genera were Myrcia, with 14 species, and Eugenia, with 11 species, followed by Myrceugenia, Psidium, and Syzygium, each with two species, and Blepharocalyx, Myrciaria, Neomitranthes, Plinia, and Siphoneugena, each with one species. Eugenia neotristis is classified as endangered, while Siphoneugena guilfoyleiana represents anew geographic distribution occurrence. The results serve as a basis for conservation measures for the local flora and for the taxonomic determination of tree species in other studies conducted in the region, which is considered threatened by real estate speculation.
Water deficit is one of the main abiotic stresses that negatively affect plant growth. This work aimed to evaluate the survival and development of Epidendrum denticulatum Barb. Rodr. plants under water stress. Six-month-old acclimatized plants from asymbiotic germination were subjected to the following treatments: daily irrigation, biweekly irrigation, and no irrigation. Variables of plant development and pigment production were evaluated after 75 and 150 days of cultivation under the above conditions. At 75 days, the survival ranged between 95 and 100% under the different irrigation regimes; however, the number of leaves and new roots decreased in plants irrigated fortnightly and not irrigated. 150 days, survival ranged between 35% and 95% in plants not irrigated and irrigated daily, respectively. The effects on development were more severe at this stage, inhibiting the emission of new roots entirely and reducing the content of photosynthetic pigments. Despite this inhibition, high survival after 75 days of irrigation interruption indicated that E. denticulatum is resistant to water deficit, tolerating the drought, and can used to enrich areas of native vegetation.
Properly understanding the morphophysiological characteristics and behavior of seeds during storage is crucial in various forest species. This is essential for developing processing technologies and determining the level of desiccation tolerance. In this study, we determined the dimensions of the seeds employing linear and geometric analysis and tolerance to the drying of the seeds by the SCR "Seed Coat Ratio". Length, width, and thickness were measured, and physical properties were defined using mathematical equations. The seed has a wide-ovoid to globose shape, with a rounded apex and base with a wide opening for the hilum. For the prediction of tolerance to desiccation of the seeds, it was by the SCR method. The morphological characteristics have slight differences in the format of the seeds. And low variability in its linear and geometric variables and at fresh mass, that the species has very uniform batches and low sensitivity to desiccation, being pre-classified as orthodox.
Taccarum ulei (Araceae) is reported for the first time for Bahia state. This is also the first mention of the genus Taccarum for the State. The species was registered in the municipality of Barra and Vit & oacute;ria da Conquista. We provide notes on the morphology, habitat, distribution, as well as photos of the plant and a map of the new occurrence.
The distribution of vascular epiphytes on their phorophytes is linked to the substrates they provide, while their frequency is related to intrinsic phorophytes factors or to epiphyte adaptations. We analyzed composition, diversity, and spatial and community distribution of vascular epiphytes in aforest fragment in Canoas, RS, Brazil. Epiphytes were sampled using an asymmetrical methodology. The phytosociological study employed a method based on division ofphorophytes into ecological zones and epiphytes were classified by lifeform and types of pollination and dispersal. We recorded 120 phorophytes, belonging to 16 species, and 13 species of epiphytes, 6 pteridophytes and 7 angiosperms. Cattleya intermedia Grah. is considered threatened at the regional and national levels. Habitual holoepiphytic, entomophilic and anemochoric species predominated. Microgramma vacciniifolia (Kaulf.) de la Sota was the most frequent epiphyte in the lower and upper ecological zones. There was a significant and positive relationship between increased phorophyte DBH and increased epiphyte species richness. Three of the six species with the highest epiphytic importance values in the community were considered indicators of occurrence in the trunk ecological zone, two in the low trunk zone, and one in the external canopy.
The Alkaline Massif of Po & ccedil;os de Caldas is a priority region for the biodiversity conservation. Even the region is still threatened by anthropic actions. Recovery involves methods such as monospecific plantings. However, the current conservation status is incipient. Given this panorama, this research aims to: present the richness, composition and structure of trees and regenerating in native and planted forests; verify if there is similarity of composition in different vegetation types; and to correlate the trees and regenerants with soil characteristics of the alkaline massif. Through a sampling of trees (19 plots- 20x15m) and regenerating trees (25 plots- two plots of 6m2 within the larger plots) in areas of native forest, capoeira, eucalyptus monoculture and pine monoculture. A total of 134 tree-shrub species were found, distributed in 75 genera and 40 families. This richness is below in relation to researches close to the alkaline massif. The heterogeneity and complexity of the environment affect the composition, as well as the structure that presents species of different successional stages for both trees and regenerators.
Fern diversity in the state of Rio Grande do Sul is approximately 330 species, and the richness of this group in the Campos Sulinos formations is still underestimated. Recent field efforts, in conjunction with a review of regional herbariums and search on scientific collection databases, confirmed three new regional occurrences and one new national occurrence. The species Adiantopsis tweediana (Hook.) Link-P & eacute;rez & Hickey (Pteridaceae), Anemia trichorhiza Gardner (Anemiaceae) and Hymenophyllum trichophyllum Kunth (Hymenophyllaceae) are new to Rio Grande do Sul, and Pellaea ternifolia (Cav.) Link (Pteridaceae) has its first record in Brazilian territory. This study includes taxonomic information, geographic distribution, habitat type, field observations, conservation data, threats in Rio Grande do Sul, field photographs and a map with new records for the species mentioned previously.
Substrates with biostimulators and chicken manure on the growth of Allophylus edulis . The objective was to investigate suitable substrates for the growth of Allophylus edulis . Oxisol substrate combinations collected in an area under 'Cerrado' (LC), under forest fragments, Atlantic Forest (LM), with chicken mature (CF), Penergetic K (R) (Pen) and Fert-Bokashi (R) were tested. (Bok). On substrates with incorporated chicken mature, there was an average increase of 332.9% P, 137% Ca, 124% Mg and 271% Zn. On substrates with incorporated chicken mature (LC + CF, LC + Pen + CF and LC + Bok + CF) there was an increase, on average, of 332.9% P, 137% Ca, 124% Mg and 271% Zn and reached the largest diameter of the plant stem, leaf and root area. The addition of chicken mature to the substrate contributed positively to the growth of the cocum plants.
The increase in the use of pesticides in the Cerrado region has been influenced by the expansion of agricultural production, driven by agribusiness. These products can reach non-target areas through drift, becoming a significant threat to numerous native species with high economic, ecological, and social potential. In Brazil, fipronil is among the most commercialized insecticides for controlling pests resistant to other pesticides. Therefore, the objective was to identify the physiological and morpho-anatomical responses of Eugenia dysenterica when exposed to fipronil to assess its potential as a bioindicator species for areas affected by this insecticide. Phytotoxicity, physiological, and morpho-anatomical characteristics of E. dysenterica were analyzed at the following concentrations of fipronil: 260, 520, and 1040 g.a.i./ha, respectively. The individuals showed sensitivity to the insecticide with phytotoxicity symptoms, reductions in photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, as well as anatomical modifications in tissues (changes in cell shape and coloration of contents in the secretory canal, a decrease in the thickness of epidermal tissues, and palisade parenchyma). These changes can serve as an indicator of fipronil presence in these plants and open the perspective for the use of E. dysenterica as a biomonitor of environments contaminated by this insecticide.
The Cerrado biome is considered a biodiversity hotspot. Nevertheless, it has one of the least known fungal diversities in Brazil. In order to increase knowledge of its diversity and distribution, samples were collected, in September of 2018, from three national conservation parks and one private property covering Cerrado regions in the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Tocantins and Maranhão. 53 specimens were identified, comprehending 37 species from 12 families and five orders of Agaricomycetes. Nine species are new records for the Cerrado and, amongst them, Perenniporiella tepeitensis is also a new record for Brazil. Brief descriptions and taxonomic issues of each species are presented, and knowledge of fungal diversity in the four states increased considerably.
