A new Co(II)-based MOF (Full name: metal -organic framework ) {[Co-2(TCPP)(BPY)](DMF)(3)}(n) (1) with pillared -layer structure based on 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) pyrazine (H4TCPP) together with 4,4'-bipyridine (BPY) has been designed and synthesized via a solvothermal reaction. The structural analysis results show that complex 1 features a 3D framework structure based on the [Co-2(COO)(4)] paddlewheel units whose network could be simplified into a two -fold interpenetrated 3D fsc-type network with the symbol symbol of {4(4).6(10).8}{4(4).6(2)}. In addition, a green hand grinding technology was implemented to reduce the particle size of composite 1 to produce nano -scale 1 (denoted as nano 1 hereafter). Furthermore, the treatment ability of this compound against acute respiratory failure was evaluated. The arterial blood pH and the PaCO2 was measured with blood gas analysis. The histamine and 5-Serotonin released by the hypertrophic cell were detected by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) kit to explore the effect of compound from the mast cells.
The objective was to compare the prognostic effects of two different anesthesia methods on endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke. The study was designed by collection of 90 cases of patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke who received endovascular treatment, and these patients were randomly divided into general anesthesia (GA) group and conscious sedation (CS) group before operation. Later different parameters were studied in both type of patients undergone two anesthesia methods for comparative study. The main outcome index of this study was a good neurological prognosis (mRS <= 2) after 90 days of endovascular treatment. In this study, a total of 174 patients with acute ischemic stroke were screened, 90 (51.7%) cases met the inclusion criteria. The 90 cases were randomly divided into general anesthesia group and conscious sedation group before receiving EVT. Of the 90 cases, 88 (97.7%) cases achieved different degrees of vascular recanalization, and all cases were followed up (telephone or face-to-face follow-up). There was no significant difference in baseline data of sex, age, onset time, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and atrial fibrillation between the two groups, and there was no difference in mortality, vascular recanalization (mTICI >= 2b), incidence of pneumonia, hospitalization time in ICU, postoperative intracranial hemorrhage, improvement of MRS and NIHSS scores between patients in the two groups (all p > 0.05). Arterial dissection occurred in 6 cases (13.6%) in conscious sedation group and 1 case (2.1%) in general anesthesia group, with significant difference. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 60 min after anesthesia (86.41 +/- 11.17, 83.50 +/- 11.64, 84.41 +/- 10.54, 89.89 +/- 10.24 in GA group, 105.57 +/- 13.25, 100.05 +/- 13.11, 100.14 +/- 13.61, 99.66 +/- 12.77 in CS group) were different. The time of arterial puncture was different between patients in the CS group (14.93 +/- 4.34) and the GA group (26.74 +/- 6.84), but there was no difference in the time of vascular recanalization between patients in the two groups. There was no significant difference in neurological function prognosis (mRS <= 2) between patients in the two groups at 90 days. However, there are significant differences between the two groups in terms of lung infection, mortality and ICU hospitalization time of elderly patients (all p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in neurological prognosis (mRS <= 2) between the two anesthesia methods for 90 days after endovascular treatment of acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Conscious sedation was superior to general anesthesia for elderly patients.
The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of alanyl-glutamine combined with ulinastatin for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with lung injury and its influence on inflammation and immune function. A total of 90 patients with SAP with lung injury were divided into control and study groups which were treated with ulinastatin and alanyl-glutamine combined with ulinastatin for one week, respectively. Results showed that, the time of clinical symptom improvement in study group was shorter than control group (p < 0.05). After treatment, compared with control group, in study group the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Balthazar CT and Murray lung injury scores were decreased (p < 0.05), the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, oxygen saturation in arterial blood and oxygenation index were increased (p < 0.05), the serum tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were decreased (p < 0.05), and the peripheral blood CD3+ cell percentage, CD4+ cell percentage and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in treatment of SAP with lung injury, alanyl-glutamine combined with ulinastatin can enhance the efficacy, reduce the inflammation in body, and improve the immune function of patients.
n innovative mixed-ligand compound, as known as [Co(L)(0.5)(bpp)](n) (1, H-4 L = 2,5-bis(3-carboxy-phenyl)benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, bpp = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane) has been solvothermally created via the self-construction reaction of Co(NO3 )(2) 6H(2 )O, H-4 L and bpp. The obtained compound was deeper researched via single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXR), elemental analysis (EA), and infrared spectroscopy (IS). The compound 1 forms the crystal in the monoclinic P2(1) /c space group with the unit cell data of a = 11.4625(3) & Aring;, b = 10.4783(2) & Aring;, c = 17.5265(11) & Aring;, and alpha = 90 degrees, beta = 101.214(5)degrees, gamma = 90 degrees, Z = 4. Dinuclear [Co-2 (COO)(2) ] subunits are bridged through the L4- ligands and bpp ligands into a 3-D pillar-layered conformation of 1, representing a binodal (4,8)-connected topological network. Its application value on the pancreatic cancer was evaluated and the specific principle was studied in the meantime.
The aim was to investigate the pharmacotherapeutics efficacy of phosphate cement and anti -osteoporosis drugs for senile thoracolumbar burst fracture (STBF) with no neurological symptoms. A total of 50 elderly patients (age 60-75 years) with STBF were screened in this study between September 2020 and January 2023. Phosphate cement (4-6 mL with 6-8min interval after mixed) was injected under continuous fluoroscopic guidance by unilateral transpedicle approach. After surgery, the patients were treated with standard anti -osteoporosis drugs. The clinical evaluation were assessed by the VAS,ODI, HRR and Cobb Angle before and 1, 2, 3, and 6 weeks after operation. MR, CT, and X-ray findings were also performed perioperatively. In this series, All patients had statistically better VAS, ODI scores, HRR and Cobb Angle, remarkable improvement of motion and pain relief, as well as high recovery rate and injured kyphosis after injection of phosphate cement and standard anti -osteoporosis treatment, compared with the baseline before treatment. In the radiological data, pre- and post -comparisons revealed restoration of a relatively satisfactory lumbar lordosis. In this series, there were no mortality and major complications observed during Follow-up. Injection of phosphate cement and anti -osteoporosis treatment of STBF can significantly relieve pain, improve motor function and restore the height of the fractured vertebra. The procedure could achieve minimal trauma and reliable stabilization of the spine.
. The investigation aims to study the nephroprotective activity of alcoholic extract of a shrub of Glinus oppositifolius (GO), who belongs to family Molluginaceae. Paracetamol -induced nephrotoxicity having face, constructive and predictive validity, is a common animal model for screening of nephroprotective agents. The effects of alcoholic extract of GO (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) was assessed in mice weighing 22-25 g divided into five groups (N=6) treated with paracetamol (750 mg/kg) alone or in combination with GO (100, 200. or 400 mg/kg extract) or control group that received 10% PEG dissolved in distilled water without any paracetamol (750 mg/kg), for seven consecutive days. Results showed that treatment with GOE (200 and 400 mg/kg) prevented the nephrotoxicity in animals treated with paracetamol (750 mg/kg) as evidenced by a significantly reduction of blood urea, blood creatinine, urinary glucose, urinary potassium level and also increased body weight, urine volume, urinary creatinine and blood total protein level. GOE also significantly increased the tissue GSH levels and reduced lipid peroxidation levels decreasing the oxidative impairments of the kidney. These effects were confirmed and supported by the histopathological observations. Thus, we may conclude that GO possess nephroprotective activity against paracetamol -induced kidney damage.
To discover anti-inflammatory drugs, we have investigated phytochemicals in Botrychium ternatum and evaluated their anti-inflammatory effects using RAW 246.7 macrophages induced by LPS. Phytochemical investigation has resulted in the identification of 18 compounds including two steroids, one bibenzyl derivative and 15 flavonoids. And six compounds were first found in the genus Botrychium as well as one compound was obtained in B. ternatum for the first time. Next evaluations have revealed except compounds 1 and 2, all the other compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity at 10 mu M via inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, enzymes and mediators. Further explorations using compounds 3, 11 and 12 have unraveled the anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds were closely associated with the inactivation of both NF-kappa B and MAPK signaling pathways. These results could provide evidences for the discovery of anti-inflammatory agents from nature and application of B. ternatum in practice.
Childhood is a particularly challenging time for asthma control because of the many biological, physiological, and psychological changes kids go through. In a tertiary hospital in Shaoxing, China, children taking budesonide were studied to determine the effects of a pharmacist-led patient-centered medication therapy management trial on asthma and medication adherence. In this randomised controlled trial, one hundred and two children, with asthma, from 6 to 14 age, will be recruited and randomised to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive a pharmacist-driven discharge counseling on budesonide, an inhaled glucocorticoid, from recruitment, until 12 months. The control group will receive care as usual. The main outcomes were spirometry measurements, IgE, Eosinophil count, medication adherence estimation and differentiation scale, the satisfaction with information about medicines scale and beliefs about medicines questionnaire. After twelve months of treatment, spirometry measurements of the children in the intervention group were significantly improved when compared with those in the control group (p < 0.05); after intervention, results for the IgE and eosinophil count differed significantly between the control group and the intervention group (338.58 vs. 213.84, p < 0.0001 and 271.73 vs. 201.87, p = 0.003). Additionally, there was a substantial difference between the intervention group and the control group in terms of patient medication adherence estimation and differentiation scale (27 vs. 32, p = 0.02). the intervention group had better beliefs about medicines questionnaire and satisfaction with information on treatment, compared with the control group (91.03 vs. 87.29, p = 0.035 and 95.05 vs. 90.00, p = 0.022). In asthmatic children, our pharmacist-led team significantly improved clinical outcomes and medication adherence.
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common malignancies. The objective of our study was to investigate exosomal RNAs profiling and their related networks by analyzing gene expression microarrays and assessing potential prognostic biomarkers in LUAD. We downloaded the RNAseq and miRNA seq data of LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. The ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs)were collected from Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Next, after univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, we contained one FRGs, namely ALOX15. miRNAs were predicted by miRWalk. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed to identify the biological processes and functions. A total of 34 ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between LUAD and normal tissues from TCGA database. 5 potential prognostic genes were obtained for Cox regression analysis. Kaplan -Meier analysis showed that ALOX15 is significantly related to the overall survival (OS) of LUAD patients. Based on miRWalk toll, we screened hsa-miR-4476binds toALOX15. Finally, we established a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, comprising three lncRNAs, hsa-miR-4476 and ALOX15. Subsequently, GO and KEGG functional analyses suggested that target genes were significantly enriched in histone modification, postsynaptic specialization, GTPase regulator activity, calcium signaling pathway. We also found that ALOX15 had a positive correlation with ACSL5, LPCAT3, MAP1LC3B, SLC11A2, TFRC, separately. These screened candidate genes and pathways disclose potential molecular mechanisms in the progression of ferroptosis in the development of LUAD. Ultimately, we proposed a novel lncRNA-hsa-miR-4476-ALOX15 ceRNA network that helps to fully explore a potential molecular mechanism contributing to tumor generation and treatment of LUAD.
The anti-arthritic potential of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) was predicted by employing network pharmacology based approach. Information pertinent to the prediction of ACEIs targets and RA-related targets was mined from the BindingDB, Swiss target prediction, and DisGeNET databases. Second, the candidate targets for each component were compiled after the creation of the ACEIs-target gene and ACEIs-RA target gene networks in the Cytoscape program. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was used to look at the important targets and enriched pathways. Molecular docking with top most target gene was performed for predicting possible binding mode of selected drugs with target gene. A network analysis was performed on 935 probable ACEI targets and 2723 RA-associated targets. The 170 intersection targets revealed the main targets of ACEIs that have potential role in RA. Furthermore, 10 hub genes were screened from protein -protein interaction (PPI) network. GO analysis revealed 380 biological processes, 66 cellular components, and 107 molecular functions. KEGG analysis revealed 148 signaling pathways. The current study investigated the probable target genes and signaling pathways of ACEIs that can alter RA pathophysiology.
. Myocardial infarction is one of the type of cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to investigate the protective effect of Arjunolic acid and elucidate its underlying mechanisms on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Arjunolic acid (300 mg/kg) was administered to rats orally for 30 days. Isoproterenol (120 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously at an interval of 24 hours twice to induce myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction was confirmed by the abnormal increased activities of serum cardiac enzymes and cardiac tissue malondialdehyde, while a significant decrease in serum level of antioxidant defense system and nitrite with altered lipid profile in the serum and heart as compared to the normal control group. Pretreatment with Arjunolic acid followed by isoproterenol injection significantly prevented almost all the parameters of isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction. Results were confirmed by the histopathological examination. Arjunolic acid pretreatment up regulated the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, whereas expressions of nuclear factor -kappa B and tumor necrosis factor -alpha were down regulated in isoproterenol-treated rats. This suggests that the protective effects of Arjunolic acid may be mediated through up regulation of nitric oxide production, increased antioxidant mechanisms, and its ability to inhibit tumor necrosis factor -alpha and nuclear factor -kappa B activation.
. More than a million people around the world live with rheumatoid arthritis, proving that this condition is still a major public health issue. Their standard of living and general happiness were severely diminished as a result. Since procaine-1,3,5-triazine (PT) molecules have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, this study set out to determine whether or not they would be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We have created an in-vitro model for the investigation using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. An investigation was conducted to determine how the molecule affected the generation of NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, both of which are important biomarkers for RA. It has been postulated that the PT, in a concentration-dependent way, greatly reduced NO generation and PGE2 levels. Improved levels of MDA, SOD, and GPx, as well as TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta , and IL-6, demonstrated a decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation in the PT-treated group. In contrast to the LPS-treated control group, the COX-2 level was also observed to be significantly reduced in western blot analysis. Our results showed that PT is an effective treatment for RA because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of combining cyclooxygenase-2 (COX -2) inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in treating gastrointestinal adverse reactions in patients with knee joint disease. Ninety-four eligible patients were randomly assigned to the routine group (COX -2 inhibitor + NSAID) or the combined group (COX -2 inhibitor + NSAID + PPI). Pain, quality of life, knee joint mobility, digestive tract adverse reactions, sleep quality, and clinical efficacy were compared between the groups. The combined group showed superior pain relief (2.37 +/- 0.98 vs. 3.98 +/- 1.07 in the routine group, p < 0.05), better quality of life, improved knee joint mobility (26.53 +/- 1.09 vs. 21.27 +/- 1.31 in the routine group, p < 0.05), lower incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions (6.38% vs. 27.65% in the routine group, p < 0.05), and enhanced sleep quality (6.78 +/- 1.26 vs. 10.97 +/- 1.47 in the routine group, p < 0.05). Clinical efficacy was significantly better in the combined group (95.74% vs. 74.46% in the routine group, p < 0.05). Combining COX-2 inhibitors, NSAIDs, and PPI in knee joint disease treatment effectively reduced pain, improved quality of life, knee joint mobility, and sleep quality, while minimizing gastrointestinal adverse reactions. The approach demonstrated outstanding clinical efficacy and warrants wider adoption in clinical practice.
Heart failure (HF) is one of the serious and leading threats to human lives with increasing incidence throughout the world. Presently available therapeutic agents for treatment of heart failure patients have serious safety issues and efficacy limitations. Therefore, an urgent need for the development of novel and efficient therapeutic agents against heart failure continues to be a challenge for clinicians globally. During the last decade a novel class of myosin activators which act as positive inotropic drugs have attracted the interest of clinicians. These compounds act by the modulation of activity of myosin motor proteins through their interaction with chemo-mechanical actin-myosin cross bridge cycle. Myosin activators have been found to enhance the cardiac contractions without increasing the requirement of oxygen. The present review demonstrates the role of myosin activators as therapeutic agents for the treatment of heart failure. Myosin activators generally act through chemo-mechanical actin-myosin crossbridge cycle by the modulation of myosin motor protein activity. Omecamtiv mecarbil is the first reported myosin activator that has shown promising results during clinical trials by increasing the LV ejection fraction and systolic ejection time without inducing any major harmful side effects. Danicamtiv is the second reported direct myosin activator that binds to the myosin molecule of cardiomyocytes. It has been found to be more selective in binding with cardiac myosin in preference to the skeletal or smooth muscle myosin compared to omecamtiv mecarbil. Novel urea based scaffold with flexible spacers have also been synthesized as selective cardiac myosin activator for the treatment of systolic heart failure. Thus, myosin activators have great therapeutic potential as novel class of positive inotropic drugs for the treatment of heart failure patients.
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of ursolic acid for mice with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the underlying mechanism. Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into normal, model and treatment groups, with 12 mice in each group. The DR model was established in model and treatment groups. Then, the treatment group was treated with ursolic acid for four continuous weeks. At the end of treatment, compared with model group, in treatment group the outer nuclear layer thickness and retinal ganglion cell count significantly increased, the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index and retinal glucose, glucose transporter-1 and glucose transporter-3 contents significantly decreased, the retinal superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels significantly increased, the retinal malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin levels significantly decreased, and the retinal vascular endothelial growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein expression levels were significantly decreased. In conclusion, ursolic acid has the protective effect on DR in mice. The underlying action mechanisms include its increasing insulin sensitivity, decreasing retinal glucose content, reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and inhibiting angiogenesis in retinal tissue.
Natural and sustainable trends around the world is an inevitable choice for cosmetic industry, thus various ingredients including surfactants derived from renewable and sustainable sources are technically innovative cornerstone, compared with synthetic ones. Natural products and natural product -based agents have been known to play crucial roles in many industries including the cosmetic industry. The main objective of the current research work was to isolate botanical based saponins from Pu'er tea (black tea) seeds along with studying their properties like surface tension reduction, foam power, hard water resistance, Skin/Eye safety and radical -scavenging ability. The botanical based saponins (BTS) exhibited excellent surface activity (surfactivity), foam performance, mildness and antioxidant properties. These findings point out to the fact that botanical based saponins can be potential alternatives to synthetic surfactants in cosmetic industry.
. Drying of the canals before endodontic obturation is still up for debate despite the existence of hydrophilic sealers. This investigation compared the apical micro -leakage of the sealers AD Seal, RealSeal SE, EndoSeal MTA, and Tubli-Seal in both dry and moist root canals. On 90 maxillary canines that had been excised, an experimental study was conducted. The canals were prepared using rotary files. Under both dry and moist root canal conditions, root canals were filled with a single gutta percha cone using one of the four sealers (15 teeth in each group). Except for the positive control group, all root surfaces were painted with oil paint and orifices were sealed with adhesive wax. Teeth were put in methylene blue and then sliced longitudinally after ten days at 100% humidity. By using a stereomicroscope, blue color permeability was determined in micrometers. Using SPSS V.18 software, data were analyzed using the t -test, ANOVA, and Scheffe post hoc test atp = 0.05. In the dry groups, the mean apical micro -leakage was considerably reduced (p = 0.001). In AD Seal and ZOE, respectively, there was a minimum and maximum amount of microleakage. Between dry and damp conditions, EndoSeal MTA did not show a significant difference in apical microleakage (p > 0.05). The RealSeal SE groups had considerably more apical micro -leakage (p = 0.001). In dry conditions, AD Seal offered the least apical micro -leakage, whereas in moist conditions, Tubli-Seal had the maximum micro -leakage. Regardless of wetness, EndoSeal MTA provided a reliable apical closure.
In the present study effect of ginseng was investigated on intestinal flora and immune response in type -2 diabetes rats with the aim to develop the treatment strategy. The results demonstrated that ginseng administration significantly suppressed the type -2 diabetes induced increase in body weight and glucose level in rats. Administration of ginseng to the type -2 diabetic rats effectively improved tolerance to the glucose. In type -2 diabetes rats, ginseng administration caused a significant decrease in the level of serum cholesterol and low -density lipoprotein (LDL). The ratio of high -density lipoprotein/LDL showed a remarkable increase in type -2 diabetes rats on administration of ginseng. The administration of ginseng led to a significant elevation in the ratio of Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes in type -2 diabetes rat fecal samples compared to the model group. It also caused a significant increase in Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus intestinalis, and Lactobacillus reuteri levels in the type -2 diabetes rats compared to the model group. The abundance of Christensenellaceae showed a remarkable increase whereas that of the Enterobacteriaceae and Proteobacteria was found to decrease in type -2 diabetes rat fecal samples on administration of ginseng. Moreover, the glucose homeostasis showed a prominent improvement in type -2 diabetes rats on administration of ginseng. In summary, the present study demonstrates that ginseng improves homeostasis of glucose in type -2 diabetes rats possibly by regulation of intestinal flora. Therefore, ginseng may be investigated further as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of type -2 diabetes.
Oleraindole A was an indole alkaloid isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. and had high anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities. Therefore, ultra -high performance liquid chromatography electrospray coupled with quadrupole -time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS) was established to investigate the metabolism of oleraindole A in rats, finally, 6 metabolites were found in the plasma sample and 2 metabolites in the feces sample after intravenous administration, of which the metabolic pathways mainly included oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, glutathionylation, sulfitation and glucuronidation processes.
This work investigated the sedation of dexmedetomidine for patients with sepsis -associated encephalopathy (SAE) and its effect on cerebral oxygen metabolism, cerebral injury and inflammatory response. Sixty-four patients with SAE were divided into control and observation group. The control group was treated with propofol, and the observation group was treated with dexmedetomidine. After administration, compared with control group, in observation group the Ramsay Sedation Scale score was increased, the jugular vein blood oxygen saturation was increased, the arterio-venous oxygen content difference and cerebral oxygen extraction rate were decreased, the serum neurone specific enolase and S100 beta levels were decreased, and the serum C -reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 levels were decreased (allp < 0.05). In conclusion, dexmedetomidine has good sedative effect for patients with SAE. It can improve the cerebral oxygen metabolism, alleviate the cerebral injury and reduce the inflammatory response.
