After the start-up of the 3.8 MMTPY large-scale continuous reforming unit of Zhejiang Petro-leum&Chemical Co.,Ltd.,the pressure difference of the regenerated catalyst dust collector continued to rise,resulting in multiple fluctuations in processing load.The regeneration system was forced to shut down due to collector cleaning,seriously affecting the full load operation of the unit and the company's economic bene-fits.To address the above issues,technical transformation was carried out.After the renovation,the fluctua-tion range of pressure difference in the riser has been reduced by about 6 kPa,greatly alleviating the wear of catalyst particles,reducing the dust amount by 1.93 kg/d,and stabilizing the pressure difference of the dust collector at 6.2 kPa,extending the operating time.
The disproportionation unit is an important component of aromatics complex.Comparing the calibration results of the ex-situ regenerated disproportionation catalyst with the technical agreement values of the new catalyst,it is found that the performance of the ex-situ regenerated catalyst can basically reach the lev-el of the new catalyst.The operational data of the first four months after the operation of the in-situ and ex-situ regenerated catalysts are compared.At similar weight hourly space velocity,the total conversion rate of the ex-situ regenerated catalyst is slightly lower than that of the in-situ regenerated catalyst,while the total selectivity is slightly higher and the hydrogen consumption is slightly lower.As the operating time prolongs,the in-situ regenerated catalyst maintains operation at a high weight hourly space velocity,and the reaction temperature slightly increases;when the operating load of the in-situ regenerated catalyst is 105.4%,the total conversion rate decreases by 2.2 percentage points,and the total selectivity slightly decreases by 0.5 percentage points;the weight hourly space velocity and reaction temperature of the ex-situ regenerated catalyst are relatively low,which may be related to the slightly lower processing capacity of the selected unit;when the operating load of the ex-situ regenerated catalyst is 92.3%,the total conversion rate decreases by 2.45 percentage points,the total selectivity increases by 1.21 percentage points,and the chemical hydrogen consumption decreases by 0.1 percentage points.In addition,if conditions permit,the total conversion rate of the reaction should be con-trolled between 42%and 44%to balance catalyst deactivation rate,selectivity and energy consumption.
Sulfur is a special chemical raw material,which is consumed in large quantities and highly de-pendent on imports in China.With the development and production of high sulfur gas fields in China,acid gas has become the main source of sulfur for domestic production.Faced with the challenges of small scale and high cost of traditional dry molding,Puguang Gas Field has innovatively developed a series of technologies such as efficient wet molding,precise dust prevention and control,and safe and green storage,establishing the largest sulfur production base in Asia.By revealing the large-scale solidification law of liquid sulfur,the first wet molding equipment in China has been developed,with a monomer capacity of 90 t/h and a product quality rate of 100%.Revealed the law of sulfur dust explosion,built the first full process dust prevention and control system,with a gas phase dust concentration less than 3 mg/m3.The 50 dam3 liquid sulfur storage sys-tem and 114 kt solid sulfur storage system have been built,and the scattered waste gas has been comprehen-sively utilized as a resource.The successful application of the complete set of technologies for sulfur wet mold-ing and safe and green storage has reduced China's dependence on sulfur imports by 26 percentage points.
A new generation of low-pressure hydrogenation technology was adopted for hydrofining to ex-pand the distillation range and increase the production of No.3 jet fuel.The jet fuel product was subjected to a one-year storage test.A comparative analysis was conducted on the feedstocks before and after the adoption of the new technology.The results showed that the properties of the expanded feedstocks decreased compared to the original process,with little change in hydrocarbon composition.The density,sulfur content and nitrogen content increased significantly while its smoke point went down and its naphthalene-hydrocarbon content increased twice,and its freezing point rising from-59.9℃to-51.0℃,but the product was still qualified No.3 jet fu-el.The properties of the new product and the product after storage for 1 a were fully analyzed and compared ac-cording to the No.3 jet fuel product standard.At the same time,the key items such as dynamic thermal oxida-tion stability breaking point and static thermal oxidation stability precipitation were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the results of full analysis items changed slightly during the storage of jet fuel with extended distillation range,but they were still qualified.The breaking point of dynamic thermal oxidation stability was greater than 300℃,the static oxidation precipitation was not greater than 0.5 mg/100 mL,and the mass frac-tion of basic nitrogen was less than 1 μg/g.The key indicators were better than the requirements of the No.3 jet fuel standard,and the product yield increased by 47.7%compared to before expanding the distillation range.
照片为中石化广州工程有限公司作为专利商和承包商承担的天津渤化化工发展有限公司 180 万吨/年甲醇制烯烃装置,是在总结陕西蒲城首套DMTO-Ⅱ大型化工业装置成功经验基础上进行工艺与工程技术再创新建设的一个甲醇制烯烃项目.
A certain engineering project requires a temperature drop of 3～5℃/km for large-diameter long-distance pipeline transporting high-temperature and high-pressure steam under design conditions.In re-sponse to the strict insulation requirements,a complete mathematical model for multi-layer insulation and heat dissipation loss of steam pipelines has been studied and constructed.Through numerous iterative calculations of the model,the goal of quantitatively simulating heat loss of steam pipeline under different environmental conditions has been achieved.By optimizing the combination of aerogel and traditional thermal insulation ma-terials,the thermal insulation scheme of large-diameter long-distance steam transmission pipeline with 6 layers of aerogel+2 layers of microporous calcium silicate+polyurethane was designed to meet the engineering re-quirements.The factors that may affect the thermal insulation effect in the construction process were analyzed,and the necessary improvement measures were put forward.
The ceramic regenerative air preheater uses corrosion-resistant honeycomb ceramics as the heat accumulator,breaks through the dew point corrosion barrier,and deeply recovers the waste heat of the fired heater flue gas.Application examples show that energy saving targets for fired heaters with exhaust gas temper-atures below 90℃ and thermal efficiencies greater than 95％can be achieved.Exhaust gas temperature is ad-justable online,which can be controlled within the target range of 70～90℃,and can dynamically match the load change of the fired heater and the seasonal change of environmental temperature.The 8-way reversing damper can ensure the synchronous commutation of flue gas and air,with intrinsic safe,"zero leakage"and low-frequency.The annual commutation frequency is about 66,000 times when switch time is 480 s.Multiple 8-way reversing dampers are arranged in parallel,and are automatically sequenced controlled by DCS or PLC.The new example shows that the exhaust gas temperature of the working group ceramic regenerative air prehea-ter dynamically changes in the range of 47～57℃ when switch time is 480 s,crossing the acid dew point of 100℃ and the water dew point of 55℃.
A refinery changed the original trickle bed hydrogenation reactor into the upflow hydrogenation reactor,and used the upflow reactor internal component technology(SLMG-Ⅰ),which was co-invented by Luoyang R&D Center of Technology of SINOPEC Engineering(Group)Co.,Ltd.and SINOPEC Guangzhou Engineering Co.,Ltd.,successfully produced diesel in line with Guo Ⅵstandard.SLMG-Ⅰgland grids is a new internal component of upflow hydrogenation reactor,which is a sandwich structure,the bottom and top are made of Johnson screens,the side wall is a sealing plate,and the space around them is filled with porcelain balls.The experimental results demonstrated that under the same conditions,the pressure drop of SLMG-Ⅰgland grids was slightly greater than conventional gland grids and the difference of pressure drop was less than 1 kPa,and the pressure drop was not high;under different conditions,SLMG-Ⅰgland grids was not clogged,indicating that its anti-clogging ability was strong;the catalyst leakage rate of the SLMG-Ⅰ gland grids was very low,indicating that the SLMG-Ⅰ gland grids had the excellent performance to prevent catalyst leakage.The industrial operation results showed that the pressure drop of the SLMG-Ⅰgland grids was less than 5 kPa,and no catalyst was found in the refined diesel samples and the water samples from the high-pressure separa-tor,further confirming its superior performance.
With the gradual enlargement of the hydrogenation unit,the traditional internals are prone to problems such as uneven material distribution and excessive occupancy of reactor space,seriously affecting the smooth operation of hydrogenation units and equipment investment.In order to improve logistics distribution and reduce the volume of internals,SINOPEC(Dalian)Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co.,Ltd.has developed a new type of internals for hydrogenation reactors by optimizing the internals struc-ture,including crud plates,shock reduction plates,and cold hydrogen tanks.The developed internal compo-nents have been successfully applied to a hydrocracking unit with a reactor diameter of 5.6 m.After the reac-tor diameter is expanded from 4.8 m to 5.8 m,the height between beds is only increased by 90 mm.The in-dustrial application results of large-scale hydrogenation units indicate that the new internal component technol-ogy can significantly solve the problem of large radial temperature difference in large-scale reactors.Among them,the radial temperature difference of hydrogenation reactors of Sichuan Petrochemical and Lanzhou Petro-chemical is less than 3℃.In the hydrocracking unit of Maoming Petrochemical,the radial temperature differ-ence of the reactor inlet is less than 3℃,and the radial temperature difference of the bed is basically less than 4℃.For Shandong Hualong oil upgrading project,the radial temperature difference of refining reactor and cracking reactor is less than 3℃.The overall application result is good,which meets the production needs of enterprises.
There are some problems in the connecting flange of catalyst delivery pipe in the first reactor of a continuous reforming unit,such as nut fracture,stud fracture,flange seal failure,catalyst loss and so on.The connecting flange of the catalyst delivery pipe in the first reactor of a continuous reforming unit experi-enced nut breakage,bolt breakage,flange sealing failure,and catalyst loss.After laboratory testing,metallo-graphic examination,and electron microscopy analysis of the failed nut and studs,it was found that there was a large amount of carbon in the crystal of the steel.Combined with the coke formation mechanism of the con-tinuous reforming reaction process,it shown that filamentous carbon has carburized and corroded the nuts and studs in the conection gap,resulting in the fracture of the nut and stud.The following measures should be taken.The hydrogen oil ratio should be controlled at about 1.5.Dry point of raw material is less than 180℃.Sulfur content shall be as close as possible to 0.5 μg/g,but not more than 0.5 μg/g.Balance the water and chlorine,and keep the water mass fraction in the circulating gas at 20～30 μg/g.Reduce the conditions of carbon deposition in the reforming reaction system.Upgrade nut and stud material grades.By taking the above measures,the long-term safe and stable operation of the continuous reforming unit was ensured.
The refining structure of SINOPEC Luoyang Company has been adjusted,the liquid-liquid ex-traction unit has been shut down.The aromatics extraction process was changed from liquid-liquid extraction to extractive distillation,resulting in the quality change of raffinate oil and no longer meeting the requirements of petroleum ether production for feedstocks.In order to resume the production of petroleum ether and improve the quality of the raffinate while ensuring the quality of the extracted oil,the following optimization measures were taken.Optimizing the feed,controlling the heavy fraction content of the top material of the pre fractiona-tor,and reducing the adverse effect of heavy aromatics on solvent selectivity.Increase the operating tempera-ture of solvent recovery tower and reduce the reflux ratio to reduce the aromatic content of circulating solvent.The aromatics content in the raffinate oil decreased significantly when the extraction distillation column was properly cooled.Under the feed load of 49 t/h,the reboiled steam volume decreased by about2 t/h,the mass fraction of benzene decreased from 0.10%to 0.01%,and the mass fraction of toluene decreased from 0.17%to 0.13%.After optimization,the mass fraction of non aromatic hydrocarbons in the extracted oil increased from 0.01%to 0.04%,and the mass fraction of benzene and total aromatic hydrocarbons in the raffinate oil decreased to less than 0.05%and 0.20%respectively,which not only met the production needs of petroleum ether,but also reduced the energy consumption of the unit and improved the economy of the unit operation.
The application case of a new substation project of a petrochemical enterprise was introduced,and the key issues such as the installation area of photovoltaic modules,the calculation of photovoltaic power generation and carbon emission reduction,and the design of grid connection were studied,and the payback period of investment costs was analyzed.Firstly,the effective installation area of rooftop photovoltaic modules was analyzed to determine the available area of photovoltaic module installation;Secondly,considering the front PV panels to shade the rear row for PV module arrangement,and determining the number of PV modules installed;Then,the calculation of photovoltaic power generation and carbon emission reduction was carried out;Finally,according to the total installed capacity of the photovoltaic power station,the grid connection voltage level was determined and the grid connection design was carried out.The power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system in the first year is about 10 857 kW·h,and the carbon emission re-duction in the first year is8.48 kg/(m2·a)(measured in terms of CO2).According to the average commer-cial electricity price of 0.8 yuan/(kW·h),taking into account factors such as operation,maintenance,equipment loss and other factors,the cost recovery will be achieved in about 6.5 years.
In order to use C5 raffinate oil as a gasoline blending component,C5 raffinate oil hydrogenation reaction system has been added to a 1.5 MM TPY FCC gasoline desulfurization unit of a certain company.After the system was put into operation,the sulfur mass fraction of refined gasoline exceeded 20 μg/g and the inlet temperature of the newly added fixed bed hydrogenation reactor fluctuated greatly,and the vapor pressure of refined gasoline exceeding the standard.By analyzing the reasons,some measures were taken,such as adding a new fixed bed reactor,adjusting the shell side cross line of the adsorption feed heat exchanger E101,the temperature and vapor pressure of raw gasoline,and the bottom temperature of the stabilizer.The newly added C5 raffinate oil system runs smoothly and effectively controls the sulfur content of refined gasoline within 12 μg/g and the vapor pressure below 72 kPa.
2023 年9 月27 日,中国石油化工股份有限公司金陵分公司Ⅱ柴油加氢装置微界面反应强化技术工业试验项目通过了中国石油化工集团有限公司科技部组织的专家验收.该项目是全球首个百万吨级微界面强化油品加氢工业试验项目,由中石化广州工程有限公司承担改造设计,采用南京延长反应技术研究院设计制造的微界面机组设备MIR®,以及中石化炼化工程(集团)股份有限公司洛阳技术研发中心和中石化广州工程有限公司等单位合作研发上行床反应器流程、专用反应器内构件和微气泡速灭器等配套专利设备,形成了微界面强化柴油加氢成套工艺工程技术.
The efficient utilization of refinery naphtha has an important impact on the economic benefit of the integrated refinery and chemical enterprises.The problems existing in the production process of CDU naph-tha,hydrogenation naphtha,light and heavy naphtha of hydrocracking unit in a refinery were analyzed.The optimization measures were put forward according to the molecular management concept of"making ethylene if it is suitable for ethylene,making aromatics if it is suitable for aromatics,making oil if it is suitable for oil".Changes in the blending ratio of crude oil result in a decrease in the mass fraction of paraffin in CDU naphtha.It is suggested to optimize the quality and yield of naphtha by"planning in advance"and"dynamic adjust-ment".The final boiling point of hydrogenated naphtha increased from 190℃to 230～240℃,the yield in-creased from 22%to 30%～40%,the mass fraction of paraffin decreased from 70%to 60%～65%,and it was still a relatively high quality cracking feedstock.Mass fraction of chain paraffin in the crude naphtha in the stripper of the hydrogenation unit reached 74.17%,so it was turned to the light hydrocarbon system of the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit.Thus,CDU naphtha yield increased by 0.5 percentage points,and the high quality ethylene feedstock was increased effectively.The model of oil and gas pipeline at the top of the hydrocracking stripper was established by HYSYS.The optimal target of temperature at the top of the tower was determined through calculation,and the temperature was controlled at no less than 95℃in summer and 98℃in winter,respectively.
For the design of vertical reinforcement for the short column of petrochemical vertical vessel foundation,the design methods commonly used in domestic are different from those in foreign codes(including American standards and European standards).By comparing the requirements of two relevant American stand-ards,and combining with the reduction method of the minimum reinforcement ratio of mass reinforced concrete members in other domestic industry standards and specifications,some suggestions are put forward.In the de-sign and calculation of the vertical reinforcement of the short column of the tower foundation,the checking cal-culation of bolt force transmission should be added.The minimum reinforcement ratio of vertical reinforcement for short column of circular tower foundation is 0.4%.For the minimum vertical reinforcement ratio of short column of large-scale cylindrical tower foundation,it is recommended to consider the short column of circular foundation after deducting the central part of concrete.For short columns with diameter between 2 000 mm and 6 500 mm,reinforcement φ18 mm,φ20 mm,and the spacing of 200 mm can meet the requirements.
Thermally enhanced soil vapor extraction combined with bioventing(TSVE-BV)is a promis-ing technology for the in-situ remediation of soils contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon.In this study,based on two lab-scale devices,a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the removal efficiency of light and heavy petroleum hydrocarbon using seveval technologies including SVE,TSVE,BV and TSVE-BV.The re-sults indicated that SVE and TSVE showed a good performance in treating light petroleum hydrocarbon,but had a relatively limited performance in treating heavy petroleum hydrocarbon with more than 13 carbon atoms(C13)in it.And TSVE-BV technology could achieve a higher removal efficiency in shorter time.According to the experimental results,C13 was choosed to connect the TSVE and BV.Based on the experimental data,a pi-lot-scale equipment was constructed and used in a gas station's remediation.The TPH concentration in the site was much lower than the risk screening value in the national standard and the contaminant removal rate reached 96%,which proved that TSVE-BV is an efficient and green remedy approach.
某炼油厂2.2 Mt/a渣油加氢装置循环氢压缩机出口流量出现了较大幅度的异常波动,且循环氢流量较低,反应器催化剂床层压力降波动大,装置处理量提升困难.对引起波动的原因进行了分析,确定根本原因为混合氢与热高分气螺纹锁紧环换热器内漏,装置正常生产过程中,应确保平稳操作,并密切关注螺纹锁紧环换热器螺栓预紧力的变化情况,为解决同类装置生产过程中遇见的类似问题提供借鉴.
在财务评价价格库的建立过程中,因价格体系数据获取渠道不同,各体系下石化项目原料或产品价格的种类和数量存在一定程度的差异.若要使价格库具有较强的可实用性,需要对不同价格体系下各类原料及产品的价格进行补充完善.对完善财务评价价格体系的方法进行了深入研究,结果表明:可选择参考价格或价差、品质系数、线性拟合和成本定价4种方法中的一种或多种来完善石化项目财务评价价格库.
某企业离心式压缩机出口管道振动剧烈,现场振动测量发现管道最大振动加速度高达185.84 m/s2,利用颗粒碰撞阻尼技术对出口管道进行了减振应用.对管道振动原因进行了分析,运用ANSYS有限元分析软件对管道模态分析,发现第2阶模态频率13.195 Hz与实测激振频率13 Hz几乎一致,得出管道剧烈振动原因是由于管道机械固有频率与激振频率相近,发生共振.运用EDEM离散元分析软件探究颗粒阻尼器最优减振方案,计算得出填充率选择50％时结构耗能速率最大,减振效果最好.选择粒径20 mm,填充率50％的减振方案,现场安装后,振动加速度从185.84 m/s2降至50.549 m/s2,最大降幅72.80％,其他位置平均降幅在65％以上,管道振动明显得到抑制,压缩机出口管道的安全得到保障.
