To evaluate the visibility of nocturnal safety clothing, two groups clothing samples were designed with luminescent fabrics of different weaving method and color. By measuring luminescent and visible properties, the visibility of nocturnal safety clothing was studied and evaluated. The luminescent properties of luminescent fabrics are determined by the raw luminous materials and luminous fibers, and they both emit green light. The afterglow measurements suggested that the white-coated nocturnal safety clothing had highest brightness with an initial brightness of 0.8742 cd/m(2) and plateau brightness of 0.0477 cd/m(2). Furthermore, tests of visible duration and distance demonstrated that the white-coated nocturnal safety clothing had the best identification performance with the maximum visual distance of 20 m and maximum visual time of 20 min. Moreover, eye tracking measurements demonstrated that fixation location was greatly focused on the striped nocturnal safety clothing and white-coated nocturnal safety clothing, both of which had the best fixation frequency too. Therefore, the investigated results indicated that both fabric weaving method and color affected the visibility performance of nocturnal safety clothing, and the coated fabrics, especially white-coated fabric and striped-coated fabric had a great advantage for designing nocturnal safety clothing.
Female soldiers often experience musculoskeletal strain and heat discomfort during load carriage. This study developed compression base layers with joint-targeted pressure and ventilated panels and evaluated them in a randomized crossover trial with active-duty women. Ratings of joint support, fatigue, and thermal comfort were collected. The panel-integrated design improved perceived stability and reduced localized strain while maintaining thermal comfort without adverse effects. These findings suggest that functional panel integration may enhance comfort and support, offering a practical approach for injury prevention. This pilot study (n = 10) provides preliminary evidence and warrants validation in larger cohorts.
The implementation of operational activities by motorcyclists, police officers, requires the use of construction and material solutions with significantly increased functionality and with particular emphasis on comfort and ergonomics. Prospective studies were conducted for two clothing systems: "summer" and "winter" throughout the calendar year, considering all seasons: winter, spring, summer, and autumn. A group of six police officers took part in the research, for which five full sets of answers were obtained in an anonymized survey. The aim of the work carried out in the field of designing the new material systems and construction solution was to validate comfort and ergonomics, considering the performance of the textile solution for police officers performing activities on motorcycles. The research thesis proposes that arranging textile materials and designing the product properly will enhance the ergonomics and functionality of a motorcyclist's suit prototype. Validation tests led to several design changes in the motorcycle suit prototype. The summer and winter jackets were modified to improve the attachment of the service belt, adding a belt loop for easier use. For the trousers, oblique ventilation pockets replaced the original slanted pockets, with covered strips allowing airflow from the opposite direction. The prototype of motorcyclist suits was positively evaluated, both by independent testers in simulated conditions in accordance with the PN-EN ISO 13595-1:2005 standard, and in real, long-term use conditions.
Comfortable wearing and fashionable appearance are the purpose of sports shoe design. The comfort, lightweight, shock absorption and other functional design of sports shoes involve multidisciplinary comprehensive knowledge, and the sole structure is mostly composed of irregular complex surfaces, which is difficult to design as well as time-consuming and labor-consuming for repeated modeling. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt advanced science and technology to continuously explore and improve the structural design method of sports shoes. This paper presents a new method to create a regeneration parameterized sole model based on the layered parameterization of the foot shape. The method combines the principle of ergonomics to complete the layered solid modeling of the sole structure, parametrically control the variables of the model, construct the parametric model, and realize the design of the parametric adaptive regeneration model; Through the digital virtual assembly design method, the interactive digital assembly design of the three parts of the sole structure, including the outsole, midsole and insole, is realized based on the foot shape, and the problem of the fitness between the sports sole structures is solved. The research results provide a complete digital and flexible design method and evaluation strategy for the structural design of a sports sole, reduce the designer's repeated modeling pressure on complex sole models, effectively shorten the research and development cycle of sports shoes, and provide a self-adaptive and regenerative basic model for the optimization design of sports sole structural mechanics.
In this study, the stochastic thermal properties of fibrous composite materials with parallel yet randomly distributed fibers were determined through numerical simulations. The simulations were conducted for 1000 random fiber arrangements for each selected set of material parameters, including the thermal conductivities of the matrix and the fibers, as well as the fiber volume fraction. A probability density function was fitted to the virtual measurements of the effective thermal conductivity obtained, and the mode and standard deviation were subsequently calculated.
When studying photochromic materials, photostability and endurance are crucial considerations. These characteristics can benefit UV sensors, optical rewritable storage devices, and anti-counterfeiting techniques, as well as the ophthalmic industry. When light irradiates a photochromic system, chromophoric dye molecules, the chromophoric part of the dye, and fatigue resistance refer to how well they hold up against photodegradation, photobleaching, and photooxidation. In our experiment, we examined the photo-fading tendency of a photochromic dye with photochromic textiles. We used the screen-printing technique to create photochromic prints with different dye concentrations. We then continuously exposed the prints to UV light using a spectrophotometer. UV light caused the photochromic dye molecules in these prints to fade and photodegrade. We used three distinct ways to assess UV irradiation over many cycles. We proposed three hypotheses: When photodegraded using various techniques, the UV dosage exhibits additive behaviour during recorded UV irradiance cycles. In addition, a visible light source is more likely to cause photodegradation entirely or partially when the reversion process repeats over several cycles. Next, the prints exhibit photofading when subjected to one UV cycle and multiple irradiance cycles within a single measurement block and numerous irradiance cycles within a single measurement period. The plateau of each measured photochromic cycle adheres to the one-phase dissociation feature for photo-fading behaviour. In contrast, the colour span values for the photochromic system, measured during the development phase of each UV irradiation cycle, fit the one-phase association model.
To assist designers in efficiently generating clothing designs that align with consumer preferences and enhancing overall design effectiveness through optimized combinations of design elements, this study proposes a consumer preference-based clothing optimization model. Taking men's suits as a case study, key design elements and corresponding features were systematically extracted, and orthogonal experiments were employed to determine representative experimental samples. Consumer preference data were collected through perception experiments. Aiming to maximize consumer preference for clothing design, an integrated algorithm combining the BP neural network with the genetic algorithm was applied to achieve design optimization. The experimental results show that the evaluation of the optimization scheme is significantly better than that of other design schemes. The research method can be applied to the generation and optimization of clothing design schemes and has practical significance for improving consumers' satisfaction with clothing designs.
This study examined the impact of the preparation method and incubation time of activated vermiculite on the biodegradation of microcrystalline cellulose. Vermiculite was pre-incubated for 1-4 days using compost extract or a commercial organic fermentation agent before use as inoculum. Results showed highest percentage biodegradation (64.9%) after 15 days with 1-day pre-incubation using compost extract. With the commercial agent, the highest rate (45.3%) was achieved after 3 days. The study provided insights into optimizing vermiculite preparation for reliable biodegradation tests, indicating the need to distinguish validity criteria for vermiculite and compost inoculum.
Patients with dementia often encounter difficulties in carrying essential items such as health cards, IDs, keys, and money. Traditional bags and pockets can be inadequate; bags are often misplaced, and pockets may not be suitable. This thesis presents the development of an ergonomic harness-based carrying system using body geometry analysis based on the scan data of elderly patients suffering from dementia symptoms, and virtual garment simulation, allowing for optimal adjustment to the body even in motion while ensuring a high level of adaptability, comfort, and functionality. The resulting harness-belt system effectively addresses the needs of carrying essential items and promotes autonomy for patients.
The textile and clothing industries (TC) are of foremost significance for both the Polish and Turkish economies. Germany is a major export market for both the Polish and Turkish textile and clothing industries. The aim of this research is to analyse the competitiveness of the Polish and Turkish TC industries in the German market. The research states that although the Turkish TC industry is more competitive in international markets, the Polish TC industry has surpassed Turkey’s in the German market since 2018. The results of the study show that both the Polish and Turkish TC industries have an over-concentration on HS61 and HS62 codes of the clothing industry, while they should focus more on innovation and sustainability to increase their competitiveness.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the combined use of plant growth stimulants, including protein hydrolysates derived from animal waste and an azoxystrobin fungicide, during the cultivation of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Three formulations were tested: collagen hydrolysate with sodium salicylate (1), collagen hydrolysate with titanium ascorbate (4a), and collagen and keratin hydrolysates with sodium salicylate (8). The collagen and keratin hydrolyzed extracts were obtained from tannery waste, specifically chromium leather waste, an important component of the leather industry’s circular economy. The experiments carried out in grow boxes demonstrated that the application of the new products in combination with fungicides resulted in an increased seedling length (9.6%, 10%, and 15.9% for preparations No. 1, 4a, and 8, respectively) and seedling fresh weight (8.5%, 7.9%, and 9% for preparations No. 1, 4a, and 8, respectively) compared to the control group without biostimulants. The use of preparation No. 8 also led to an increase in the nutrient and amino acids content of the plants. The prospective utilisation of protein biostimulants in crop production, encompassing those comprising salicylic acid and titanium ascorbate, has the potential to confer social, ecological and environmental benefits.
This study presents an innovative software system for optimizing sewing line balancing in apparel manufacturing, addressing challenges posed by dynamic production demands, such as fluctuating order sizes and varying product styles. By Integrating real-time data with lean principles, the system utilizes a parallel station position-weighted algorithm and dynamically assigns operators based on current task metrics. This real-time data integration for operator assignment is the system’s key innovation. A case study demonstrated significant improvements: line efficiency increased from 79.68% to 88.31%, and per-operator output rose by 10%. These results highlight the potential for substantial efficiency gains in apparel manufacturing.
Good comfort properties and biodegradability are characteristic of linen fabrics. However, hemp fabrics also have high comfort properties, but hemp has been rarely used for textile manufacturing for a long time due to myths about its opiate effect. Today, a special species of hemp which does not have the above-mentioned effect has started to be cultivated again. Hemp fiber from these plants is being used for textile production. Therefore, it is very important to study the properties of hemp fabrics and compare them with those of other known cellulosic fibers such as linen. The aim of this study was to investigate the pilling resistance of linen, hemp, and linen/hemp woven fabrics before and after anti-pilling finishing. Linen, hemp and linen/hemp woven fabrics of plain weave from linen and hemp spun yarns of 28 tex linear density in the warp and weft directions before and after anti-pilling treatment with enzyme BEIZYM UL were investigated. A Martindale pilling and abrasion tester MESDAN-LAB, Code 2561E was used for pilling tests in accordance with the standard LST EN ISO 12945-2:2000. The pilling grades for blended linen and hemp fabric decreased from 0.5 grade after 125 cycles to 1.5 grade after 2000 cycles, whereas they remained constant at 1.0 grade after 2000 cycles for linen fabrics. The use of BEIZYM UL enzymes in additional fabric treatments increased the pilling resistance to 1.0 grade for linen fabric and 0.5 grade for hemp and blended linen/hemp fabrics. In conclusion, hemp fabric is the most resistant to pilling. Thus, a linen-hemp blend can significantly enhance linen fabric pilling resistance. The finishing process improves the pilling performance of fabrics of all raw materials. The finishing has the greatest influence on linen fabric pilling resistance and the least on hemp fabric pilling resistance because the usual finishing improves the pilling performance of hemp fabric more than the additional enzymatic treatment.
Our study aimed to eliminate the negative aspects of conventional fiber-type materials. First, leather dyeing was considered by designing a vacuum-operated reaction vessel/drum and a suitable production recipe for sheepskins, based on the analyzes of float uptake and color strength regarding water usage, dyestuff usage, and process time. Acid dyes were used for leather dyeing under a vacuum. The dyeing time decreased from 60 minutes to 30 minutes with the application of low pressure. Float uptake increased from 71.18% to 92.02% by analyzing the residual dye floats with a 30-minute vacuum process. Process water was considerably saved, and float water eliminated. The success of the process was demonstrated by float uptake and color strength (K/S) values after dyeing. Metal complex and cotton dyeing applications were also conducted under a vacuum to demonstrate the system’s effectiveness on fiber-type products. The results showed that vacuum-operated dyeing procedures were highly effective and promising for the sustainable production of fiber-type materials.
An overview of the attenuation analysis of producing polymer optical fibres (POF) with different cladding materials but same diameter is given. Based on a systematic literature review, the melt spinning method was applied in practice and different combinations of POF bobbins manufactured. The production methods are described in detail and their attenuation results discussed.
The wound dressing market is now filled with various products designed to treat different types of wounds. Choosing the proper dressing alone is crucial to the wound healing process. However, with so many options available, identifying and selecting the most appropriate dressing can be challenging for healthcare professionals - doctors, nurses, pharmacists and medical staff - as well as non-professional users and pharmacy customers. This study aims to provide an overview of the properties and characteristics of the most commonly used dressings available on the market. Specifically, dressings were tested for their vapour transmission rate, free swelling absorption capacity and mechanical properties.
Baby bib is a popular clothing accessory during the Republic of China period. This article takes baby bibs in this period as a case to analyze their style and pattern characteristics. Results showed that the baby bib shapes can be classified into three types, including geometric shape, plant shape and animal or children shape. Geometric shaped bibs account for the largest proportion due to their relatively simple craftsmanship. The embroidery patterns of the bibs include plants, animals and human related items, with peony and butterfly being the mostly used patterns. Among the bibs, 48% bibs have peony embroidery and 30% bibs have butterfly embroidery. Tiger patterns are also greatly used because of the implied meaning of tiger being able to drive away evils and protect the children. The study provides a reference for elucidating the artistic and cultural connotations of this folk clothing during the Republic of China.
A physical model of the air extraction rotor spinning channel was established in SolidWorks 2018 to explore the movement of the fiber in the rotor and the fiber transport channel. A fiber model was built using EDEM2018. Using the coupling software Fluent 19.0 and EDEM2018, a numerical analysis of the movement of fibers in the fiber transport channel and rotor was carried out. The research in this study provides a strong theoretical basis and technical support for further development of new rotor-spun yarns and optimization of key components with a short spinning process, high yarn-forming efficiency, and strong fiber adaptability.
This study aims to investigate the carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emission sources of five typical mask products, including surgical masks and four KN95-grade masks differing in design, from the stage of raw material acquisition to the storage of the mask products. The results show that, for the production of 1000 masks, the carbon footprint of KN95 masks is more than three times larger than that of surgical masks. The carbon footprint of mask raw material production is much larger than that of mask production, with the ear loops being the main contributor to the carbon footprint. The use of each exhalation valve increases the carbon footprint of the mask by approximately 28.14%. In the mask production stage, the carbon footprint of the mask body production process is relatively high. Factors such as equipment mechanism drive, ultrasonic welding, and mask thickness affect the carbon footprint of mask production. Generally, equipment mechanism drive is the largest influencing factor in the carbon footprint of mask production.
This study analyzes a set of key performance indicators for listed companies in the textile industry in emerging European countries: EBITDA margin, operating margin, pretax ROA, pretax ROE. Several statistical-econometric methods (dynamics analysis, structural analysis and regression) were used to provide an overview of the evolution of the public companies studied for the period 2012-2022, as well as a number of forecasts for the period 2023-2025. GMDH Shell software was used for public companies' pretax ROA forecast analysis in the textile industry in emerging European countries. The factor regression models that were constructed are valid for eight of the nine countries studied.
