The yarn breakage phenomenon during the twisting process of direct twisting machines in current factory environments is extremely common, resulting in raw material waste, frequent machine downtime, and increased energy consumption; therefore, a systematic analysis of the causes of yarn breakage is of great importance. Starting from the factory operating parameters of the direct twisting process, this study employs a random forest model, which excels at handling nonlinear relationships, to conduct an in-depth analysis of its operating patterns and influencing factors. The model was tuned via sample balancing, grid search, and random search, with the final configuration setting the maximum depth of decision trees to 10, the number of trees to 200, and evaluating the model using 5-fold cross-validation. The results show that the model achieves an F1-score of 0.935 and a receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) value of 1, demonstrating high accuracy. Based on feature importance analysis, the actual spindle operating speed and the package percentage were identified as the dominant factors contributing to yarn breakage, accounting for more than 80% of the total contribution, whereas the weight of traditional tension parameters was relatively low. This is attributed to the fact that tension parameters are strictly controlled within the process range during production, resulting in insufficient variation. The deviation between the actual spindle operating speed and the set speed significantly affects yarn breakage; when the relative deviation exceeds +/- 0.08%, the risk of breakage rises significantly, as speed fluctuations induce instantaneous instability in yarn tension. Furthermore, the yarn breakage rate surges when the package percentage is below 30% or above 70%. Based on these analysis results, measures such as controlling the spindle speed within the Q 1-Q 3 range of normal operating speeds, optimizing the anti-patterning angle parameters, and arranging regular manual inspections and guide device corrections are proposed to effectively reduce the yarn breakage rate.
Honeybee colonies are essential for biodiversity and food production but face increasing environmental pressures. This study presents a bio-based needle-punched nonwoven insulation composed of recycled chicken feathers and sheep wool, with a mass per unit area of approximately 433 g/m & sup2;, integrated with an telemetry system for beehive monitoring. The multilayer composite was validated under real apiary conditions during a 1-year pilot study. Insulated hives exhibited improved thermal stability and enhanced overwintering vitality. Monitoring temperature, humidity, weight, and acoustic activity revealed seasonal colony dynamics. Correlations with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and PM2.5 data suggest that intelligent hives can serve as bioindicators of environmental conditions.
To evaluate the visibility of nocturnal safety clothing, two groups clothing samples were designed with luminescent fabrics of different weaving method and color. By measuring luminescent and visible properties, the visibility of nocturnal safety clothing was studied and evaluated. The luminescent properties of luminescent fabrics are determined by the raw luminous materials and luminous fibers, and they both emit green light. The afterglow measurements suggested that the white-coated nocturnal safety clothing had highest brightness with an initial brightness of 0.8742 cd/m(2) and plateau brightness of 0.0477 cd/m(2). Furthermore, tests of visible duration and distance demonstrated that the white-coated nocturnal safety clothing had the best identification performance with the maximum visual distance of 20 m and maximum visual time of 20 min. Moreover, eye tracking measurements demonstrated that fixation location was greatly focused on the striped nocturnal safety clothing and white-coated nocturnal safety clothing, both of which had the best fixation frequency too. Therefore, the investigated results indicated that both fabric weaving method and color affected the visibility performance of nocturnal safety clothing, and the coated fabrics, especially white-coated fabric and striped-coated fabric had a great advantage for designing nocturnal safety clothing.
Female soldiers often experience musculoskeletal strain and heat discomfort during load carriage. This study developed compression base layers with joint-targeted pressure and ventilated panels and evaluated them in a randomized crossover trial with active-duty women. Ratings of joint support, fatigue, and thermal comfort were collected. The panel-integrated design improved perceived stability and reduced localized strain while maintaining thermal comfort without adverse effects. These findings suggest that functional panel integration may enhance comfort and support, offering a practical approach for injury prevention. This pilot study (n = 10) provides preliminary evidence and warrants validation in larger cohorts.
The implementation of operational activities by motorcyclists, police officers, requires the use of construction and material solutions with significantly increased functionality and with particular emphasis on comfort and ergonomics. Prospective studies were conducted for two clothing systems: "summer" and "winter" throughout the calendar year, considering all seasons: winter, spring, summer, and autumn. A group of six police officers took part in the research, for which five full sets of answers were obtained in an anonymized survey. The aim of the work carried out in the field of designing the new material systems and construction solution was to validate comfort and ergonomics, considering the performance of the textile solution for police officers performing activities on motorcycles. The research thesis proposes that arranging textile materials and designing the product properly will enhance the ergonomics and functionality of a motorcyclist's suit prototype. Validation tests led to several design changes in the motorcycle suit prototype. The summer and winter jackets were modified to improve the attachment of the service belt, adding a belt loop for easier use. For the trousers, oblique ventilation pockets replaced the original slanted pockets, with covered strips allowing airflow from the opposite direction. The prototype of motorcyclist suits was positively evaluated, both by independent testers in simulated conditions in accordance with the PN-EN ISO 13595-1:2005 standard, and in real, long-term use conditions.
