In the present investigation in vitro propagation of a rare medicinal plant, Withania somnifera was carried out. Direct regeneration achieved from shoot tip explants and shoot multiplication was obtained by using cytokinin BAP (2.0 μM /l) and combination of BAP (2.0 μM /l) + IBA (2.0 μM/l), respectively. MS media with shoot tip explants supplemented with BAP (2.0 μM/l) produced maximum average number of shoots (5 ± 0.53) and average shoot length was found to b 2.5 ± 0.15 cm. significant induced were sub cultured in shoot multiplication, developed shoot multiplication was obtained average number of shoots (5.3 ± 0.41) and average shoot length 6.5 ± 0.12 cm was shown on MS media in combination with BAP (4.0 μM) + IBA (2.0-8.0 μM/l). Maximum average number (6 ± 0.10) and average length 7.6 ± 0.18 cm of roots were observed on MS media supplemented with IBA (2.0 um/l). The MS medium supplemented with BAP and Kn was formed to be suitable for in vitro propagation of W. somnifera. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 229-236, 2025 (December)
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are carbohydrate polymers that occur naturally and are excreted by some microorganisms. The microbial EPS has a number of biotechnological uses in paints, textiles, cosmetics, medicine, etc. Interest in searching for novel EPS has increased due to the broad range of applications of EPS. Therefore, this study focused on isolating, screening, and identifying the most potent EPS-producing bacteria from different habitats. A total of 10 different samples were collected from in and around Dhaka University Campus. After initial screening, 88 distinct bacterial colonies were considered to be producing exopolysaccharides on the basis of thick mucoid colonies on nutrient agar medium. The findings showed that EPS-producing bacteria are widely dispersed throughout various habitats. Out of 88 isolates, 20 better isolates were finally selected for extensive study. The isolated Gram-positive bacteria belonged to the genera Micrococcus, Streptococcus, and Bacillus. While Gram-negative bacteria were identified as Proteus myxofaciens, Chryseobacterium sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Ozaenae, Edwardsiellaictaluri and Acinetobacter sp. The EPS production ranged between 0.55 ± 0.04 and 2.21 ± 0.06 g/l. Bacillus subtilis (P11) was identified as the most promising isolate for EPS production, yielding the highest amount at 2.21 ± 0.06 g/l. The current study's findings showed that these local isolates could produce important exopolysaccharides and might be used in various biotechnological aspects. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 247-255, 2025 (December)
An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol was developed using bulb explants of Easter Lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.). MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA induced callus formation within 20-30 days imcluding 93.33% of success rate. The regenerative calli were then transferred to a shoot initiation medium containing 2.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA, leading to 95.56% of the calli initiating shoots within 20-25 days. The initiated shoots were subsequently transferred to a medium containing 3.0 mg/l BAP, which proved effective for shoot multiplication and proliferation, producing a mean number of shoots 35.0 ± 1.0 per explant. Healthy shoots were then placed in a root induction medium containing full-strength or half-strength MS medium supplemented with IAA at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l or 1.0 mg/l. This treatment induced efficient rooting, with an average root length of 7.2 ± 2.0 cm and a mean of 9.0 ± 1.0 roots per plantlet on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IAA.. The well-rooted plantlets were transplanted into pots containing different ratios of garden soil, cocopeat, and vermicompost. The acclimatized plantlets were successfully established under field conditions. Thus, the developed in vitro regeneration protocol serves as a robust and scalable method for producing high-quality L. longiflorum plantlets, expected to provide substantial benefits for both research and commercial floriculture industries in Bangladesh. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 417-426, 2025 (December)
An in vitro micropropagation protocol for cassava Manihot esculenta was developed through callus culture. The present investigation the highest callus induction was achieved on MS medium containing 8.0 mg/l 2,4-D. Inter node and leaf derived calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA for shoot regeneration. In this case 10.0 mg/l BAP alone produced highest number of shoots (4.8 ± 0.3) per explant having average length of 1.72 ± 0.2 cm. The combination of 10.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA further enhanced shoot proliferation, producing an average of 5.6 ± 0.6 shoots per explant with a mean shoot length of 3.6 ± 0.2 cm with a regeneration rate of 87%. Moderate BAP concentrations (4.0-10.0 mg/l) were optimal for indirect shoot regeneration, whereas NAA or Kn alone exhibited limited effects. Root induction was most effective on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l IBA, which resulted in 100% rooting, with the highest mean root number of 4.8 and root length of 2.8 cm. The regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized in pots containing a 1 : 1 mixture of cocopeat and autoclaved soil, exhibiting high survival rates under shade house conditions. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 285-295, 2025 (December)
The present study investigated the impact of varying doses of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on friable callus induction and withaferin-A (WA) accumulation in Withania somnifera, popular as ‘Indian ginseng’. Friable calli cultures were established using variable doses of 2,4-D (1.0-5.0 mg/l). The 5.0 mg/l 2,4-D significantly enhanced callusing percentage (100%), fresh weight (795.0 mg), dry weight (DW) (99.0 mg), relative water content (709.0 %), as well as WA content (0.043 mg/100 g DW), demonstrating its superiority over other treatments. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations among callus biomass traits and WA content, whereas days to callus induction showed weak correlations. Multivariate approaches, including correlation, principal component analysis and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean clustering, effectively distinguished the 5.0 mg/l treatment as optimal. Overall, the findings establish a high-efficiency in vitro protocol for biomass and WA production in W. somnifera through friable callogenesis, offering valuable insights for large-scale phytochemical production and plant tissue culture applications. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 257-265, 2025 (December)
The current study aims to examine pathogenic fungi responsible for leaf blight disease in garlic and to investigate their classical and molecular identification, mycelial growth, and biological control using antagonistic fungi and plant extracts. Curvularia geniculata is a dematiaceous septate hyphal fungus producing brown, geniculate conidia and dark-brown mycelium, providing the initial evidence. Results from a 576 bp polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were obtained from the isolated C. geniculatus internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using universal primers, ITS1 and ITS2. The molecular phylogenetic tree constructed from it revealed that the C. geniculatus species complex had 100% sequence similarity. The optimum pH and temperature were recorded at 7.0 and 30°C, respectively, for the mycelial growth of C. geniculatus. The experimental findings revealed that the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma reesei exhibited the greatest (93.29%) growth inhibition against C. geniculatus, followed by T. asperellum (83.52%) and T. harzianum (65.57%). The Lawsonia inermis and Ocimum tenuiflorum plant extracts are significantly effective against C. geniculatus, the causative agent of garlic leaf blight, at a 30% (v/v) concentration rate. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 335-346, 2025 (December)
The MGT1 gene encodes O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, a highly conserved enzyme that directly reverses alkylation damage by transferring methyl groups from guanine to a catalytic cysteine. While its nuclear function in genome maintenance is well characterized, its contribution to mitochondrial homeostasis remains elusive. Here, we investigated the Δmgt1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Remarkably, the mutant displayed higher colony formation on non-fermentable carbon sources, indicating altered respiratory efficiency. DAPI-based imaging revealed increased and dispersed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), with quantitative analysis confirming elevated mtDNA content. Despite this, Δmgt1 cells exhibited a markedly shortened chronological lifespan, suggesting a link between MGT1 deficiency and genomic instability, mitochondrial dysregulation, and accelerated cellular aging. Bioinformatic analyses highlighted interactions with key DNA repair proteins, including Msh6p, Mlh1p, Mre11p, Exo1p, and Ogg1p, suggesting integration into broader genome-stability networks. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mitochondrial dimension of MGT1 function and raise the intriguing possibility that the plant homolog AtAGT1 may similarly modulate mitochondrial integrity, stress resilience, and lifespan in higher eukaryotes. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 309-320, 2025 (December)
Molecular evaluation of mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes plays a vital role in shaping effective strategies for enhancing productivity, conserving genetic resources, and improving germplasm for future breeding efforts. In this context, a study was conducted to genetically characterize 18 mango genotypes (BARI Aam-1 to BARI Aam-18) using eleven ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. The ISSR analysis produced a total of 67 bands, of which 51 were polymorphic, indicating a high level of genetic variability with an average polymorphism rate of 76.11%. The overall genetic diversity and Shannon’s information index were calculated at 0.446 and 0.636, respectively, further confirming substantial genetic variation among the genotypes. Genetic distance analysis revealed the closest relationship between BARI Aam-1 and BARI Aam-18 (0.008), while the most distant relationship was observed between BARI Aam-6 and BARI Aam-11 (0.836). Likewise, genotype similarity indices showed the highest similarity (0.991) between BARI Aam-17 and BARI Aam-18 and the lowest (0.443) between BARI Aam-6 and BARI Aam-11. Based on UPGMA cluster analysis, the genotypes were divided into two major groups: Cluster I comprised BARI Aam-11, BARI Aam-12, and BARI Aam-7, while Cluster II included the remaining fifteen genotypes. This comprehensive description of genetic variation and relationship among mango genotypes may provide great value for future studies, breeding initiatives, and the development of improved cultivars. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 267-276, 2025 (December)
This study aimed to optimize in vitro propagation techniques for the indigenous aromatic rice variety called Radhunipagal in Bangladesh, focusing on callus induction, shoot regeneration, and root induction. Mature seeds of the aromatic rice were cultured on MS and N6 media supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D, Kn, BAP, NAA, IAA, and IBA. The highest callus induction rate (88.33 ± 0.33%) was achieved with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l NAA on MS medium within three weeks of culture. Optimal shoot regeneration (84.00 ± 0.58%) was observed with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA, with multiple healthy shoots emerging within three to four weeks on MS medium. Root induction was most successful (100%) on half-strength of MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA, resulting in well-developed roots within three to four weeks of culture initiation. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of in vitro propagation techniques for conserving and propagating indigenous rice genotypes. The findings provide valuable insights in optimizing growth regulator concentrations for successful in vitro regeneration in an indigenous aromatic rice, supporting conservation, genetic preservation, and advancing biotechnological investigation in the future. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 297-308, 2025 (December)
A highly efficient and repeatable in vitro protocol has been developed for rapid and mass scale propagation of Physalis minima L. Fresh nodal segments from field grown plants were aseptically cultured on MS medium alone or in combination with different PGRs. The nodal segments showed direct organogenesis and produced the highest number of multiple shoot buds (MSBs) (4.87 ± 0.12) per explant when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA. Nodal and leaf segments from in vitro grown shoots were further cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations and combinations of PGRs. Among the different combinations, MS + 2.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l IAA was found to be the best for induction of maximum number of shoot buds (4.13 ± 0.11) per nodal explant with the highest percentage (95%) of shoot bud formation within 15-18 days of culture. Nodal segments proved to be better than leaf explants for callus induction. Maximum 86% of nodal segments produced brownish compact calli on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l 2, 4-D + 0.5 mg/l Kn. It was noticed that the brownish friable calli did not undergo any kind of differentiation. The highest increase in length (cm) of shoot bud (3.60 ± 0.11cm) was noted on MS medium augmented with 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA. The elongated multiple shoot buds were individually transferred to rooting media. Maximum numbers of roots (5.87 ± 0.17) per micro shoot was recorded in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA. The stout rooted plantlets were hardened in pots at 75% survival rate. Both micro propagated plants were stable and showed uniform morphological and growth characteristic following their establishment. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 361-369, 2025 (December)
Arundina graminifolia (D. Don.) Hochr., commonly known as the bamboo orchid, is a terrestrial orchid of significant medicinal and ornamental value native to the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh. To establish an efficient conservation strategy, in vitro asymbiotic seed germination and successful root induction protocols were developed. Mature green capsules were cultured on four basal media viz. Knudson C (KC), MS, Phytamax (PM) and Vacin and Went (VW), at both half and full strengths, with or without plant growth regulators (PGRs). Full-strength PM medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) produced the highest germination percentage (93.34 ± 1.96%) and the shortest initiation time (6.21 ± 0.22 weeks). Subsequent seedling development, including protocorm formation and differentiation of leaf and root primordia, was significantly faster on this medium compared to MS, VW or KC. For the induction of a robust root system, elongated seedlings were transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with various auxins. The combination of 1.0 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1.0 mg/l NAA proved most effective, producing the maximum number of roots (4.17 ± 0.31) and root length (3.91 ± 0.04 cm) within 30 days. Following a stepwise acclimatization process, 81.67% of the seedlings survived and were successfully established in the ex vitro environment. Statistical analysis confirmed the superiority of PM for germination and of auxin-supplemented ½MS for rooting. This protocol provides an effective method for mass propagation of this orchid. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 399-406, 2025 (December)
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is a promising crop for sustainable agriculture due to its low water demand and drought resistance. Its wider cultivation is constrained by low yield and the neurotoxin oxalyl diamino propionic acid (ODAP). To facilitate genetic improvement, this study assessed the genetic diversity of ten grass pea varieties (V1-V10), including five Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) lines and five local lines from southern Bangladesh, using 12 RAPD primers. The RAPD analysis generated a clear genetic fingerprint for the varieties, producing 549 bands (300 bp-5000 bp) with an overall polymorphism rate of 84.35%. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the varieties into two major clusters, indicating substantial genetic variability. Genetic distances ranged from 0.1371 to 0.6292, with the highest similarity between V7 (Madaripur) and V8 (Barishal) and the greatest divergence between V1 (BARI Khesari-1) and V8 (Barishal). These findings provide molecular insights that can guide breeding programs to enhance agronomic traits, reduce neurotoxin ODAP levels, and develop DNA-based profiling systems for variety registration. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 389-397, 2025 (December)
Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. is an endangered terrestrial orchid of Bangladesh having significant ornamental and medicinal value. To facilitate its conservation and validate its pharmaceutical potential, an efficient in vitro propagation protocol was established, followed by a comparative evaluation of phytochemical and biological activities between in vitro raised and naturally grown plant parts. Asymbiotic seed germination was evaluated on four basal media viz. MS, PM, KC and MVW supplemented with or without PGRs (0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA). The highest seed germination (66.67%) and earliest protocorm development (14.00 ± 0.30 weeks) were recorded on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. Qualitative phytochemical screening of methanolic extracts revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and other secondary metabolites in both wild and in vitro plantlets. In vitro plantlets showed particularly high levels of phlobatannins and phenolics compared to field grown plant parts. In biological assays, in vitro developed plantlets exhibited significant antioxidant potential (61.58% DPPH scavenging activity at 250 µg/ml), surpassing the activity observed in natural leaf, root and pseudobulb extracts. However, the anti-inflammatory activity (albumin denaturation inhibition) was higher in natural pseudobulb (81.81%) compared to in vitro plantlets (54.55%). This study establishes a reproducible protocol for mass propagation and confirms that in vitro derived G. densiflorum retains therapeutic properties, offering a sustainable alternative to wild harvesting. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 407-416, 2025 (December)
Genetic diversity analysis of seven BARI masur (BM) lentil varieties from Bangladesh was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Seventy-six unique bands were obtained using 16 of the 20 randomly selected decamer oligonucleotide primers, with an average of 4.75 bands per primer. Ten primers were found to be 100% polymorphic based on the observed banding patterns. Significant genetic variation is evident, as evidenced by pairwise genetic distances ranging from 0.1563 to 0.6931. Seven lentil varieties have been divided into three main clusters via a dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distance using the Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA), with a similarity coefficient of 0.5198. Cluster 1 consisted of BM-1, BM-2, BM-3 and BM-5, cluster 2 consisted of BM-4 and BM-7 whereas only BM-6 was found in cluster 3. Cluster 1 was further grouped into three sub-clusters and the varieties BM-1 and BM-2 were placed in the same sub-cluster, whereas the varieties BM-3 and BM-5 were placed in separate sub-clusters. The varieties BM-1 and BM-2 showed relatively less divergence among the varieties of the cluster 1. Conversely, BM-6 variety was presented in a separate cluster that indicates this variety is more divergent than the other varieties. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 371-380, 2025 (December)
This study utilized an in silico drug discovery approach, combining molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, to identify novel inhibitors of the fungal virulence factor, Chitin Synthase, an enzyme essential for A. alternata's survival and hyphal growth. The leaf blight-associated fungus from onion was identified as A. alternata based on its woolly greyish-brown mycelia, pale cylindrical conidia, and shorter conidiophores. Molecular identification using 18S ITS1 and ITS2 sequencing (566 bp) confirmed 100% similarity with A. alternata in GenBank. The sequence was submitted to NCBI under accession number PP894981.1 (JUF0089). A library of 105 phytocompounds was virtually screened, yielding 26 candidates with binding affinities superior to those of the reference inhibitor. Among these, 10 complied with Lipinski’s rule of five, indicating favorable drug-likeness. The two most promising candidates, luteolin and azadiradione, were selected as lead compounds for further validation. A 200 ns MD simulation was performed, and subsequent analysis of Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF), and hydrogen bond interactions confirmed stable protein-ligand complexes throughout the trajectory, with binding free energies supporting strong inhibitory potential. These results strongly suggest that luteolin and azadiradione act as effective inhibitors by specifically targeting the active site of the Chitin Synthase protein. This research validates these natural compounds as potent starting points for the rational design and development of new antifungal drugs against A. alternata. To our knowledge, this is the first in silico investigation of phytocompound-based control strategies against A. alternata conducted in Bangladesh. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 347-359, 2025 (December)
Micropropagation of fruit crops is essential for producing disease free plants, ensuring rapid multiplication, and preserving the genetic integrity of the original plant materials. Musa paradisiaca, a widely cultivated fruit crop in Bangladesh is commonly propagated on a large-scale using sucker explants. An efficient in vitro micropropagation protocol was developed using healthy suckers of Musa paradisiaca cultured on MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l IAA and 20 mg/l adenine sulphate, this combination resulted in the formation of highly proliferative multiple shoots. For shoot elongation, MS medium containing 4.0 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l IAA, and 13% coconut water produced the greatest average shoot length of 8.4 cm. Rooting was most successful on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA. The regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in field conditions, achieving a 100% survival rate. These findings demonstrate an optimized protocol for the large-scale production of genetically uniform and healthy banana plants through in vitro culture. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 277-284, 2025 (December)
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), an important crop plant and an annual grain cereal, is widely cultivated in dry areas globally. Barley's drought tolerance is multi-genic. There is little information on the candidate genes linked to drought tolerance.. This study aimed to evaluate the function and gene network mapping for miR414 and miR2102 target genes under drought stress in barley. psRNATargets served were used to find target sequences of desired microRNAs. The results of this study revealed that NUC-L1, At5g14050 (GRF1), YAO, and RPL5A genes exhibited the highest contrast with other genes in the network. The expression of identified target genes was evaluated in two barley genotypes (Nimruz as a drought-tolerant cultivar and Spontaneum as the drought-sensitive species) under drought stress. The expression analysis results showed that each genotype exhibited a distinct expression pattern for the target genes. Nimruz cultivar had a higher expression for all target genes than Spontaneum. The transcription level of NUCL1 increased by about 56-fold under drought stress in Nimruz after 72 hrs, whereas only slight or no significant elevations were observed in Spontaneum. Based on the results, the expression of the GRF1 gene was significantly (P <0.05) influenced by genotype and drought stress. The Nimruz cultivar generally exhibited higher expression than the Spontaneum genotype, with both genotypes showing increased expression under stress conditions. Under drought stress in Nimruz, the transcription levels of the GRF1 and RPL5A genes increased by about 101- and 33-fold, respectively, after 72 hrs. The YAO gene's transcription level rose by about 42-fold after 24 hrs. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 237-246, 2025 (December)
The excessive use of synthetic herbicides has raised environmental and health concerns, necessitating the search for eco-friendly alternatives. Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota L.), has shown potential as a natural herbicide due to its reported phytotoxic effects. This study evaluates the bioherbicidal potential of M. zapota leaf crude extract and investigates the molecular mechanism of its bioactive compounds through Molecular Docking (MD) and Molecular Dynamic Simulations (MDS). MD were performed to analyze the binding affinity of key phytochemicals with essential plant growth-related enzymes, such as acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), cellulose synthase (CS), glutamine synthase (GLS) and the D1 protein of photosystem II (PSIID1). The analyses confirmed the strong interaction of specific bioactive compounds with target enzymes, suggesting their potential as natural herbicidal agents. The herbicidal effects of M. zapota extracts were assessed on selected weed species Parthenium hysterophorus through seed germination inhibition. The study highlights M. zapota as a promising source of bioherbicidal compounds, offering an environmentally sustainable alternative to synthetic herbicides. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 427-446, 2025 (December)
Anther culture-based doubled haploid (DH) technology offers an efficient approach for accelerating homozygosity in eggplant, although its application is often limited by strong genotype dependency and inconsistent regeneration. In this study, a set of F1 hybrids developed through a half-diallel mating design using drought-tolerant and high-yielding parental lines were evaluated for androgenic responsiveness under controlled in vitro conditions. Significant variation was observed among crosses for embryo-like structure (ELS) induction, green plantlet regeneration, and the composite Androgenic Index (AI). The diallel matrix revealed that several combinations, particularly RWE P11-2 × BP20-3, BP20-3 × RWE ©, B. Baria × BP20-3, and 3 (8) × BP20-3, showed superior ELS formation and regeneration efficiency, while albino production remained minimal across the population. Ranked AI values and Tukey groupings further identified RWE P11-2 × BP20-3 as the most promising cross for DH production. The results demonstrate strong parental effects on androgenesis, with BP20-3 and RWE P11-2 functioning as consistently responsive parents. Overall, this study highlights the potential of drought-adapted eggplant germplasm for efficient DH line development and provides valuable insights for integrating half-diallel-based selection with haploid breeding strategies. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 381-388, 2025 (December)
As a photosynthetic and single-cell microorganism, cyanobacteria is an appealing chassis that convert CO2 into high-value industrial molecules. For successful and long-term production, strategies for genetic engineering and tightly controlled promoter-gene expression are essential. Genetic tools have yet to be developed for many other potentially suitable strains for industrial applications. In this study we gave an insight into how genetic instability of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 can occur with the incorporation of inert (eYFP and GFP) and toxic genes (sthA) with varying constitutive and inducible promoters. The stability was investigated with both plasmid-based expression and genome integration. The tri-parental conjugation was validated after 2 weeks of incubation. Genetic instability was seen in terms of radii of the colonies rather than numbers, when repression of the toxic gene lacked e.g. with strong constitutive promoters. It was also hypothesized that Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 did not have any repressive ability for Nickel inducible promoters, hence burden was also seen when sthA was introduced. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 35(2): 321-333, 2025 (December)
