The Waste utilization is one of the prime importance and possess good social impacts. Here the used coconut oil which disposal as waste at Kerala chips shop is utilized for preparing a novel Nano fluid for machining purposes. Such Nano fluid can be alternatively used for lubricating purpose for machining the precision shaft. This piece of research work prepared Nano fluid by concentrating Graphene Nanoplatelets with used coconut oil (waste). The synthesized nanofluid used as coolant in machining SAE1045 steel work material. The range of inputs were adapted from the conventional dry machining practices and manufacturer catalogue of the material. As planned to investigate the three key input variables at 4 levels from minimum to maximum in the selected range, the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array was preferred to design the experiments. The t-test employed for comparing the machining environment (a kind of input variable) performance through 16 different input combinations and found that the proposed intervention is outperformed significantly. So, the parameters for the proposed machining practice was optimized and input factors' contributions were analyzed by means of Taguchi analysis and ANOVA. Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Second International Conference on Engineering Materials, Metallurgy and Manufacturing.

The impact of Sal tree (Shorea Robusta) gum powder on the mechanical, visco elastic, and thermal characteristics of epoxy resin was studied. Using the hand layup technique, composite specimens were created by adding bio filler (Sal tree gum powder) at various volume percentages in epoxy resin. Experiments were carried out to assess the epoxy composite's mechanical, thermogravimetric, and viscoelastic characteristics. Results showed that the bio filler had a substantial impact on the mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical characteristics of the samples. Better mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties were obtained at 16% v/v of Sal Tree gum powder. The inclusion of the bio filler, on the other hand, had no appreciable impact on the flexural and tensile strengths of the composite. The morphological features of a tensile cracked specimen were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the specimen. The homogeneity of the bio composite was also examined by using the Cole Cole plot. According to the findings, the composite specimens containing the bio filler showed uniform features. It was observed that the composite specimens incorporated with the bio filler exhibited homogeneous characteristics. The thermal stability of the composite was investigated using thermogravimetric (TGA) test, and it was found that the inclusion of filler enhanced the thermal stability of the composite, with the composite remaining stable up to 431 °C after the addition of filler. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests showed that the inclusion of bio filler resulted in an increase in storage modulus, suggesting that the composite is capable of greater energy absorption within the elastic limit. The glass transition temperature was calculated to be 110 °C.

The machinability in term of Heat affected zone temperature is often considered due to surface properties modified by heat generated while machining. The control of such temperature is a prime importance. Here waste coconut oil (used one) from Kerala chips shop is used for lubricating purpose for machining the precision shaft. This piece of research work investigating the effect of Nano fluid of Nano GnPs powder concentrated used coconut oil (Waste) as coolant to upkeep the machining temperature at tool and work interface. The sensitive process variables like depth of cut, speed of cutting and feed rates were considered at four different level of settings. As this investigation involves 4 variables at four levels inputs. The Taguchi L16 orthogonal array employed commonly for designing the experiments for the cases of dry machining and nanofluid based wet machining. The t-test, Taguchi analysis and ANOVA conducted. It is found that the proposed method shows significant results than conventional dry machining. That is the proposed machining reduced the mean Cutting zone temperature significantly by 60 & DEG;C. The machining parameters optimized and studied the factors and influences at various levels. Based on the out come the proposed method recommended to process the SAE 1045 material for shaft manufacturing. As R2 value found 99.16% R2 95%) the predicted value with use of developed mathematical model has good agreement with the experimented results.Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Second International Conference on Engineering Materials, Metallurgy and Manufacturing.

The surface quality is a prime factor in the failures of shaft by fatigue load. Here used coconut oil that is waste coconut oil disposal severities shop of 'Kerala chips' are used for preparing nanofluid for machining coolant. Hence this piece of research work investigating the effect of Nano fluid of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) enriched waste coconut oil in minimizing Surface Roughness while machining SAE1045 steel shaft by conventional lathe. Control group samples processed by dry (green) machining. The intervention group samples machined by 0.3% GnPs concentrated used coconut oil employed in the flood cooling form for the machining that is clean technology approach. Taguchi analysis and ANOVA used for optimizing the process parameters and developing mathematical model. From the experimental results it was revealed that the proposed GnPs concentrated used coconut oil nanofluid coolant reduced surface roughness significantly by 33.539% and confirmed observations are perfect and obeys statistical assumptions. Hence the same can be recommended to process the SAE 1045 material for shaft manufacturing. Copyright (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Second International Conference on Engineering Materials, Metallurgy and Manufacturing.

Abstract In this study, a feed-forward back propogation artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm is proposed for the thermal performance of grooved heat pipe .Thermal performance of grooved heat pipe is experimentally studied using DI water and various nanofluids as working fluids. The average size of the nano particles is 50nm. The experiment has been conducted with varying heat inputs from 30 to 70 W with 10 W intervals, inclination angle varies from 0° to 90 ° with 15° interval, filling ratio is 75 % with constant flow rate of coolant in the condenser section as 0.08 kg/min. In this, the back-propagation learning algorithm with Levenberg–Marguardt (LM) is used in the network so that the best approach could be found.

Cardamom is an important high value spice crop. Hybrid breeding is discussed for some time, but there is no information for cardamom. Eight genetically diverse cardamom lines were crossed in a diallel to evaluate the performance of hybrids and determine heterosis over mid-parent, better-parent and standard control for yield and yield components. The study was undertaken for a period of 3 years from 1988 to 2001 (Experiment I). Hybrids generally showed good overall performance for most of the characteristics compared with parents. Ten of the 56 hybrids significantly out-yielded the standard control (RR 1). Substantial mid-parent (MPH), better-parent (BPH) and standard (SH) heterosis were observed for the majority of the characteristics studied. Further evaluation of selected hybrids for yield and disease resistance during 2002–2007 (Experiment II) led to the identification of two cross combinations (CCS 1 × NKE 19 and RR 1 × NKE 12) with high yield and mosaic resistance. The study revealed that cardamom hybrids with high yield potential, desirable quality characteristics and mosaic resistance can be developed from appropriate parents through heterosis breeding. This is the first report of heterosis in cardamom for yield and yield contributing characteristics.

Electrochemically and chemically coated cotton fabrics with polypyrrole are comparatively evaluated and characterized in order to produce the conducting fabrics/textiles. The polypyrrole coated fabric is obtained electrochemically by constant current electrolysis (2mAcm−2) at room temperature for 4h. The stability, electrical conductivity and electrochemical behaviour of such composite coating are evaluated by means of SEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, four-probe conductivity, impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. When compared to chemical method thicker films of polypyrrole with globular microstructure could be obtained by electrochemical technique and the conductivity of the polypyrrole film was also high (1.9×10−2 to 3.3×10−1Scm−1). The weight uptake and the electrical conductivity of the coated fabric increase with concentration of pyrrole and time of electrolysis. Many other physico-chemical properties of the polypyrrole films obtained by the two methods were found to be qualitatively similar.

A complete protocol for micropropagation of Musa sapientum using shoot meristems was developed. Multiple shoots were induced in vitro from shoot meristems. Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with BAP and NAA (3.0 + 0.2 mg/l, respectively) was found to be most suitable combination. Further multiplication of shoots required habituation of cultures up to 3 passages of 21 days each on the same medium after establishment of culture and initiation of shoot buds. Thereafter 3-fold multiplication rate was achieved during every subculture. For rooting the shoots were excised and transferred to same medium. Rooted plantlets were then transferred to primary and secondary hardening and grown in the green house. These hardened plants have been successfully established in soil.

A successful procedure was established for in vitro mass multiplication of orchid ( Oncidium sp.). In vitro regeneration multiplication and rooting of plantlets were achieved from the immature seeds on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with BAP ( 2.0 mg/ I). Rooted plantlets were then transferred to perforated plastic pots and grown in the green house.

A high frequency, simple and rapid regeneration protocol was developed from shoot tip and nodal explants of Vanilla planifolia on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 6-benzyl amino purine and coconut water.

The biodiesel plant, Jatropha curcas L. was micropropagated using nodal explants on MS supplemented with BAP (1.5 mg/l), Kn (0.5 mg/l) and IAA (0.1 mg/l). Somatic embryos were induced directly from green cotyledon explants on MS fortified with 2 mg/l of BAP. The results of histological studies showed that several layers of meristematic cells participated in the formation of somatic embryos. Rooting was effectively achieved on MS supplemented with IAA at 1.0 mg/l. The subsequent hardening experiment showed that the commercial medium containing a mixture of decomposed coir waste, perlite and organic compost in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume was most effective, 80% plantlets survived. Key words: Jatropha curcas , Nodal explants, Cotyledons, Somatic Embryos, Multiple shoot formation D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.3234 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17 (2): 137-147, 2007 (December)