In"Machines.Natural forces and the application of science",Karl Marx revealed the profound opposition between the original appeal of"machine"and"capital".He pointed out that,contrary to some popular"common sense",in the machines mass production of capitalism,workers are more deeply exploited and oppressed.In this paper,Marx's explanation on the exploitation and oppression of labor by"machine"is reviewed from the two aspects of workers'"prolongation of working time"and"enhancement of labor intensity",and Marx's analysis of the causes of"prolongation of working time"and"enhancement of labor intensity"is discussed.On the basis of emphasizing the class character of"machine"(technology),the paper puts forward that a whole set of new machine(technology)production system which is completely different from capitalist society should and can be expected.
In recent years,China has implemented large-scale tax and fee cuts,among which policies have proven effective,and among which enterprises have benefited?To address these questions,this paper analyze the data of key tax-contributing enterprises in a big city from 2016 to 2021.By examining the main tax and fee reduction measures implemented in recent years and evaluating their impact on large enterprises based on tax data,this study reveals that the intensity of"tax and fee cuts"has progressively increased each year.Notably,corporate income tax preferential policies such as additional deductions for research and development and accelerated depreciation of fixed assets have experienced rapid growth rates.The implementation of these preferential policies varies significantly depending on factors such as enterprise's tax credit rating,profit margin,and industry classification.Enterprises with high tax credit ratings enjoy an absolute advantage across all tax preferential policies.Those with higher profit margins benefit more from additional deduction and accelerated depreciation policies,while those with lower profit margins gain advantages through VAT reduction and other reduction policies.Manufacturing enterprises tend to benefit more from additional deduction and accelerated depreciation policies,whereas non-manufacturing enterprises find advantages in preferential taxation rates as well as VAT reduction policies.
John E.Romer's view of socialism is very different from the traditional or practiced view of socialism.He takes the behavior of unity and cooperation as the due meaning of socialism,and demonstrates the need and possibility of unity and cooperation in socialism.Romer analyzed the movement law of social solidarity,incorporated people's cooperation behavior into the design of socialist operation process,and proposed the cooperation mechanism based on Kantian equilibrium,which provided a new perspective for people to understand socialism.Unity and cooperation with the people as the main body is an important driving force for China's socialist modernization process.Innovating specific mechanisms for solidarity and cooperation,uniting the widest possible range of people and mobilizing all positive factors will help consolidate the spiritual foundation for the development of the cause of the Party and the people.
With the deepening of reform and opening up,China has gradually formed an industrial system dominated by manufacturing and has followed a development strategy based on comparative advantages.This strategy has effectively propelled China's significant progress in technological innovation,scientific talent,and high-end manufacturing.This study aims to explore the impact of following a development strategy based on comparative advantages on promoting the coordinated development of the economy,society and environment,then achieving inclusive and sustainable development.Based on data from 282 cities in China from 2003 to 2021,a spatial econometric model is employed to empirically investigate the spatial correlation,spatial spillover effects,and regional heterogeneity between the development strategy based on comparative advantages and inclusive and sustainable development.Furthermore,the study discusses the crucial regulatory roles of the market and the government in this relationship.The results indicate that the development strategy based on comparative advantages in one region has a positive impact on the inclusive and sustainable development of both the local and neighboring regions.The differences in comparative advantages between different regions promote the formation of complementary industrial structures,thereby fostering economic cooperation and coordinated development.The eastern region exhibits stronger driving effects and spatial spillover effects of comparative advantages compared to the central and western regions,which can be attributed to its developed infrastructure and higher production efficiency.The government and the market play important roles in achieving inclusive and sustainable development through following a development strategy based on comparative advantages.To achieve regional coordinated and inclusive sustainable development,the study proposes a series of strategies.Firstly,establish regional cooperation mechanisms to achieve resource sharing and optimization.Secondly,increase investment in infrastructure construction to enhance the level of transportation,energy,information communication,and environmental facilities.Thirdly,strengthen the construction of social security and public service systems to improve the coverage of education and healthcare services.Fourthly,explore and utilize comparative advantages to promote industrial structure upgrading and transformation.Fifthly,optimize urban planning and land use to enhance the development benefits and quality of life in cities.
With the rapid development of China's medical device industry,medical device enterprises have joined the wave of cross-border M&A.However,while gaining opportunities,it will inevitably be accompanied by great risks.There are risks in all stages of cross-border mergers and acquisitions.If not timely and accurate identification and take effective measures to prevent,it will lead to the failure of M&A.Therefore,this paper studies the risk identification and prevention in the preparation,implementation,and integration stages of cross-border mergers and acquisitions of medical device enterprises by selecting the cross-border M&A case of Mindray acquisition Hytest Invest Oy,using risk management theory,information asymmetry theory and synergy effect theory in order to avoid the failure of cross-border mergers and acquisitions.
Research in economics is essentially a process of deciphering the"information codes"contained within complex economic phenomena and using this information to benefit humanity.From the perspective of an"information view",research in economics can be divided into three stages:hypothesis extraction,theoretical modeling,and empirical analysis.Further,empirical analysis includes three methods:reduced form estimation,structural estimation,and machine learning.This article aims to clarify the applicable scenarios for various research methods in economics from an information perspective,as well as the potential issues of"misuse"and"abuse"that may arise during the application process.The goal is to assist beginners in avoiding common pitfalls and selecting appropriate research methods based on the research question and limitations.Furthermore,this article provides an outlook on the opportunities and challenges faced by research in economics in the digital era.
Under the open economy,market competition is not only determined by commodities,but also reflected in supply chain competition.Active application of blockchain technology in supply chain management can effectively improve the competitiveness of supply chains and enterprises.In order to further understand the application of blockchain technology in supply chain management,this paper expands on the basis of citations based on the diversity of search terms,in order to obtain more comprehensive literature data.Through bibliometric methods,the research draws the following conclusions:(1)The research on the application of blockchain technology in supply chain management has a broad disciplinary basis,of which mathematics,computer science,ecology and economics are the key disciplines;(2)The research is divided into Security and privacy,information docking and sharing,traceability and authenticity;(3)The research has gone through two stages of initial application acting on enterprise performance and the development of efficiency and coordinated application in the context of combining with the Internet of Things.Finally,the research summarizes the existing work,and proposes future research directions according to the limitations of blockchain applications.
Based on the trade volume of China's mechanical and electrical products exported to Southeast Asian countries,this paper selects the top five representative countries-Singapore,Malaysia,Philippines,Thailand and Vietnam,and uses the panel data from 2002 to 2021 as a sample.The stochastic frontier gravity model and trade inefficiency model are used to measure the efficiency and potential of export trade of mechanical and electrical products between China and five Southeast Asian countries.The results show that in the past two decades,the trade efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products exported to the five Southeast Asian countries is low;among them,China's trade potential with Singapore and Vietnam is small and has become a saturated market,while China and the Philippines belong to the development market and have greater trade expansion space.In this regard,in order to further improve the trade scale and trade efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products exported to the five countries in Southeast Asia,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the added value of export products and constantly tap the trade potential based on industrial upgrading and transformation.
Under the background of the in-depth implementation of innovation-driven development strategy,the problems of high returns and high risks brought by the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in research institutes have attracted more and more attention.It is imperative and far-reaching significance to explore the incentive mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements to solve the conflict of interests of all parties and realize the compatibility of interests.Based on the theoretical perspective of incentive compatibility,this paper adopts the multi-case study method and selects four typical enterprises of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences to deeply analyze the internal practice path in the transformation process of scientific and technological achievements,and understand how to achieve the balance between performance and risk in the process of pursuing the maximum benefit.The research results show that:By constructing the dual incentive mechanism of performance sharing and risk prevention and control,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences promoted the unit and scientific and technological talents to reach an agreement on goal motivation,and effectively avoided the potential moral hazard problem.At the same time,the enterprise screening mechanism has been established to solve the problem of the goal conflict between the unit and the enterprise,and the supervision methods such as settling the enterprise and providing technical guidance have prevented possible risks,promoted the breadth and depth of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,and achieved win-win cooperation.Theoretically,this study enriches the application of incentive compatibility theory in the field of scientific and technological achievements transformation.In practice,it provides useful enlightenment for the further deepening of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements under the background of the in-depth implementation of innovation-driven development strategy.
The existing economic studies of wage differentials are more concentrated on the paradigm of development economics.Particularly in the context of higher education expansion,most of the literature from high-skilled labor supply generated by the wage effect and substitution effect to analyze the long-term evolution of wage differentials.But,in this paper,the author of this paper notes,only consider the effect of high-skilled labor supply on wage differentials from macro view,this will make the analysis does not have a micro-foundation,and does not take into account the different types of labor force are engaged in the job of the specific characteristics of how the decision-making roles in the labor force.Thus,this paper exploits the search-matching theory to cosider the effect of high-skilled labor supply on the direction of wage differentials,while the type of skill-biased technological progress was determined by high-skilled labor supply has also been embedded into the model.It was found that,in the labor market under constraint random match,there is a threshold value of the supply of high-skilled labor.When the supply of skilled labor is below this threshold,the degree of wage differentials decreases as skilled labor supply increases.When the supply of skilled labor is above this threshold,the degree of wage differentials increases skilled labor supply increases.
旨在推动政府财政行为规范化的政府债务管理制度改革,是提高金融市场化水平的重要动力.本文以"43 号文"对城投债担保有效性的影响为例,运用 2009-2019 年的城投债数据检验了"削弱隐性担保"和"破除行政干预"两条作用渠道.实证结论如下:第一,以"43号文"为代表的地方政府性债务管理改革减弱了政府隐性担保与行政干预强度,提升了城投债担保增信的有效性.第二,在地方财政压力较小或融资平台信用评级较低的情况下,地方债务管理改革更有利于提升城投债担保的有效性.另外,本文还从"88号"与"50号文"的影响评估、"43号文"对不同类型担保机构的差异性影响等方面做了进一步分析.
基于百度新闻高级检索以及Python爬虫技术,本文构建了银行金融科技指数,并利用 2008-2019 年我国 80 家银行的面板数据,实证检验了银行发展金融科技对流动性的影响及其机制.研究发现,银行发展金融科技显著提高了自身流动性;降低付息成本和提高非利息收入占比是银行金融科技影响流动性的重要传导机制.此外,面板门限回归结果表明,随着银行规模变大,银行金融科技对流动性的提升作用逐渐增强;随着资本充足率提高,银行金融科技对流动性的提升作用先减弱后增强,呈现U型趋势.研究结论有助于厘清银行金融科技与流动性的关系,为我国银行金融科技发展与流动性风险防范提供参考.
本文综合使用文献法、田野调查法、统计分析法与理论研究法,对中国地方文化IP建设中多元主体的生产协调问题、二元经济的融合模式问题和多元产权的结构统合问题进行探讨,提出了地方文化IP产权核心结构与地方文化IP融合生态价值链结构.本文认为,地方文化的现代化生产需要产权主体、生产主体和传承主体之间的协调.这种协调的经济基础不能单独建立在已有的旅游经济和流量经济上,而必须建立以地方文化IP为核心的文旅融合新生态上.因此,地方文化IP的核心产权结构必须反映文旅融合生态的核心产品结构,亦即必须以著作权、文物产权和商标权三类产权为核心.理解上述三类产权及相关产品在地方文化IP的功能与地位,是地方文化建设推动以文塑旅、以旅彰文的前提条件.
消费帮扶是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、促进乡村全面振兴的重要举措,已有实践也充分体现了"政府引导、社会参与、市场运作"的协同治理思维,但已有研究并未充分深入揭示其协同治理的实践经验与长效机制.基于协同理论,本文以广州市荔湾区消费帮扶为例,深入分析东西部协作消费帮扶的运作机制和实践经验.研究发现,荔湾区多措并举,建设广东省消费帮扶示范区,探索形成了以东西消费帮扶促进共同富裕的"荔湾实践",具有理论、实践和制度上的创新价值,其实践经验包括政府的"嵌入式"有为、市场的"适应性"有效和社会的"参与式"有力三个维度.东西部协作消费帮扶的长效机制需要处理好市场、政府和社会三者的关系,强调社会参与的重要性和作用,重点要实现政府、市场和社会协同的多主体参与,生产与销售相匹配的产业链整合,以及消费托举的市场价值.研究结论有助于探究多主体协同治理的模式和发展路径,为消费帮扶的可持续发展提供思路和方法.
如何切实贯彻落实"两个毫不动摇"关系到中国的高质量发展.本文以国有企业纾困民营企业为例,研究发现:当民营企业陷入困境时,来自国有企业的纾困能缓解民营企业的危机,但是国有企业在纾困中如果不重视公司治理,同时权衡经济收益,最终长期的纾困效果会让国有企业利益受损.本文的发现对于政府和国资方有效制定和实施混改政策,促进民企健康发展具有借鉴意义.
科斯的产权理论是个迷雾:外部性的真实内核及其隐含的产权观点鲜有人知,庸俗化的科斯定理却广为流传.通过揭示《社会成本问题》的证据、逻辑缺陷及其价值观偏见,本文厘清了科斯对于外部性责任界定问题的真实态度:排污是财产所有者的权利,受害者应承担赔偿责任或采取预防措施;科斯产权理论的真实意图是:以效率之名,施否认财产权的社会义务之实.乔装的科斯定理被视为现代产权理论的拱顶石,成为鼓吹资本主义私有制和攻击社会主义公有制的理论武器.与持公平理念的马克思主义财产权社会义务理论比较,私有制的辩护性和有关外部性政策建议的时光倒置,注定了科斯产权理论的虚妄与落后.
随着组织环境变得日益动态化、复杂化、不确定化,领导者往往面临的是悖论性的组织情境.企业越来越需要悖论型的领导激发组织活力,进而提高员工工作投入水平.本研究基于社会交换理论与自我概念的领导理论,以287名员工为被试,从员工地位判断与领导—成员交换的过程视角出发,探讨了悖论型领导是如何提高员工工作投入的.结果发现:(1)悖论型领导与领导—成员交换、员工地位判断均呈现显著的正相关关系;(2)领导—成员交换、员工地位判断均与员工工作投入呈现显著的正相关关系;(3)领导—成员交换、员工地位判断均在悖论型领导与员工工作投入关系之间起到中介作用.因此,建议管理者要锤炼悖论型的领导风格,关注自身与员工关系质量以及员工在组织中的地位感知,从而提高员工工作投入.
内部控制是保障企业规范高效运行的有效手段,也是企业经营目标实现的长效保障机制.本文以沪深上市公司数据为基础,通过文本分析来反映企业数字化转型程度,检验数字化转型提高企业内部控制质量的影响机制.研究发现:第一,数字化转型显著提升内部控制质量,并对风险评估、控制活动、信息与沟通、内部监督等 4 个内部控制要素以及企业经营、财务报告和财务合规等 3 个内部控制目标产生正向影响.第二,在中介效应检验中,数字化转型通过整改内部控制缺陷和提高管理层能力两个中介因素积极影响内部控制质量.第三,在异质性检验中,数字化转型对提升大型企业、高新技术企业内部控制质量有更好的作用效果.研究结论为推动企业数字化转型、认识数字化转型的差异化效果、提升企业内部控制质量提供了理论参考和政策启示.
随着全球自由贸易阻力的加大,货物贸易出现明显的萎缩,虽然服务贸易受贸易摩擦的直接冲击较小,但是持续发酵的间接影响不容小觑.本文通过构建经济增长模型,从贸易摩擦视角研究不同贸易结构下中美服务贸易波动对中国经济产生的影响,并对影响路径进行了检验分析.研究发现,在中美贸易摩擦背景下,两国资本密集型服务贸易和技术密集型服务贸易均对我国经济增长具有促进作用,而劳动密集型服务贸易的影响并不显著.中美服务贸易波动可以通过技术溢出效应与投资促进效应来影响经济增长,但是并没有产生明显的就业促进效应.最后我们发现,贸易摩擦并未通过服务贸易对经济增长产生显著的影响,这表明美国单边贸易政策从服务贸易途径对我国经济发展的负面冲击相对较小.
新兴信息技术驱动的数字农业如何助力乡村振兴已成为重要的理论与实践问题.本文以华南农业大学基于北斗卫星系统的"水稻智慧直播"为典型案例,研究发现:数字技术通过赋能农业生产体系使其数字化、智能化程度加深,提高了劳动生产率、资源利用率、土地产出率和农业竞争力;通过赋能农业经营体系推动耕地规模化经营,实现农业经营过程的现代化和专业化,推动三大产业全链条专业化融合;通过赋能农业产业体系使其更具商业化和品牌化,创新产业发展形态,进而激发农业科技新动能推进乡村全面振兴.通过案例分析后所形成的理论框架,本文解析了数字农业赋能乡村振兴的促进机理,并提出了一系列优化建议:加快数字农业关键技术创新,推动数字技术与第一产业深度融合;加强全领域制度资源的整合力度,构建数字技术服务长效机制;强化产学研用协同合作机制,推动数字农业高质量发展的综合效能.
